Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe uzive iintlungu emilenzeni okanye uqaqamba xa uhamba? Okanye ngaba imilenze yakho ibonakala iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye inamaqhina? Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokuba kukho iingxaki ezithile kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi, oko kukuthi, imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngezi zifo ezinxulumene nemithambo yegazi, okanye njengoko sibiza ngokwezonyango, 'isifo semithambo yegazi'.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi zifo zemithambo yegazi?
Isifo semithambo yegazi sibhekisa kuyo nayiphi na imeko echaphazela inkqubo yethu yokujikeleza kwegazi. Khawuthelekelele ukuba imizimba yethu ifana nenethiwekhi yeepayipi. Le nethiwekhi yeepayipi yimithambo yegazi yethu. Kungale ndlela igazi elihamba ngayo emizimbeni yethu. Le nkqubo ineenxalenye ezintathu eziphambili.
- Imithambo yegazi: Le yimithambo yegazi emikhulu ethwala igazi elicocekileyo (igazi elineoksijini) ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya kuzo zonke ezinye iindawo zomzimba.
- Imithambo: Le yimithambo ethwala igazi elingcolileyo (igazi elingenaoksijini) libuyela entliziyweni lisuka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.
- IiCapillaries: Ezi zezona mithambo yegazi mincinci nethambileyo. Zidibanisa imithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo yegazi, kwaye zihambisa ioksijini kunye nezondlo kwizicubu zethu kwaye ziqokelela inkunkuma.
Ngoko ke, nayiphi na ingxaki echaphazela le mithambo yegazi, imithambo yegazi, ii-capillaries, okanye imithambo yegazi ye-lymph, okanye nayiphi na imeko ephazamisa ukuhamba kwegazi ngenxa yeengxaki ezinxulumene negazi ezifana nokugabha kwegazi, yinto esiyibiza ngokuba sisifo semithambo yegazi.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zezifo zemithambo yegazi?
Ezi zifo zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zichaphazela imithambo yegazi kuphela, ezinye zichaphazela imithambo yegazi kuphela. Kukwakho nezifo ezichaphazela iindawo ezithile zomzimba kuphela. Makhe sijonge iintlobo eziphambili.
1. Isifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle
Njengemithambo yentliziyo esentliziyweni yethu, imithambo engaphandle kwentliziyo nayo iyavaleka ngezinto ezifana namafutha kunye ne-cholesterol, esiyibiza ngokuba yi-'plaque' , kwaye imithambo iqala ukuvaleka ngaphakathi. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-'atherosclerosis' . Ekuhambeni kwexesha, xa imithambo ivaleka ngale ndlela, ukuhamba kwegazi kuyehla. Ngenxa yoko, izicubu zomzimba zisenokungafumani igazi elifunekayo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi -'ischemia' .
Ezinye zezifo eziwela kolu didi zidweliswe ngezantsi.
| Imeko yezonyango | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Isifo seMitha yoMthambo oPheleleyo (i-PAD) | Amaxesha amaninzi, imithambo yegazi emilenzeni iyavalwa. Ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi kunqunyulwe ngokupheleleyo, izicwili ziyafa kwaye kuvela i-gangrene , kwaye umlenze usenokude unqunyulwe. |
| Isifo se-Ischemic samathumbu | Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya. |
| Isifo seMitha yezintso | Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi kwizintso. Oku kunokubangela ukuba izintso zingaphumeleli. |
| Isiganeko sikaRaynaud | Xa ibekwe kwindawo ebandayo kakhulu okanye ixinezelekile, imithambo emincinci yeminwe kunye neenzwane iyancipha, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iminwe ibe mhlophe okanye ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. |
| Isifo sikaBuerger | Isifo esinxulunyaniswa kakhulu nokusetyenziswa kwecuba. Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi emincinci nephakathi ezandleni nasezinyaweni kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwegazi kwiminwe, ukufa kwezicubu (i-gangrene) kunye nokunqunyulwa kweminwe. |
2. Iingxaki zeCarotid Artery
Ezi ziingxaki ezenzeka kwimithambo ephambili ye-carotid, ekwicala ngalinye lentamo yethu, enika igazi engqondweni.
- Isifo seCarotid Artery: Ukuncitshiswa okanye ukuvaleka kwale artery ehambisa igazi engqondweni kunokubangela uhlaselo lwe-ischemic oludlulayo (TIA) okanye istroke .
- Ukuqhaqha kweCarotid Artery: Ukukrazuka komaleko wodonga lwemithambo, okubangela ukuba igazi liphume.
- I-Carotid Artery Aneurysm: Ubuthathaka bodonga lwe-artery olubangela ukuba idumbe njengebhaluni. Kukho umngcipheko wokudumba oku.
3. Isifo semithambo yegazi
Iivalvu ngaphakathi kwimithambo yethuKukho into ebizwa ngokuba yivalvu. Ifana nombhobho ovumela amanzi ukuba ahambe kwicala elinye kuphela. Xa sifinyeza izihlunu zethu, ezi valve ziyavuleka kwaye igazi liya phezulu (lisiya entliziyweni). Xa izihlunu ziphumla, iivalvu ziyavaleka kwaye igazi liyayeka ukubuyela ezantsi.
Kodwa ukuba ezi valve zonakele, azivaleki kakuhle. Emva koko igazi liqala ukuhamba macala omabini. Oku kubangela ukuba igazi lihlangane kwimilenze engezantsi, ingakumbi emilenzeni, kwaye imithambo iqale ukubonakala idumbile kwaye inamaqhina. Ezi meko zezi:
- Imithambo yeVaricose: Imithambo evuvukileyo, emfusa, ejijekileyo ebonakala phantsi kolusu.
- Imithambo Yesigcawu: Ii-capillaries ezincinci ezibomvu okanye ezimfusa, ezifana nesigcawu, ezibonakala emadolweni nasemaqatheni.
- I-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Ihlwili legazi elenzeka kumthambo onzulu ngaphakathi emzimbeni.
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemithambo yegazi (CVI): Ubunzima bokubuyisela igazi entliziyweni ngenxa yokuba iindonga okanye iivalvu zemithambo yegazi emilenzeni zingasebenzi kakuhle.
4. Amahlwili egazi
Ihlwili legazi (i-thrombus) liyimeko efana nejeli kwimithambo yegazi. Eli hlwili linokwaphuka lize lihambe negazi, livale umthambo wegazi kwimiphunga ( i-Pulmonary Embolism ), intliziyo ( i-Heart Attack ), okanye ingqondo ( i-Stroke ). Ezi ziimeko eziyingozi kakhulu.
Ukuba umntu une-DVT (igazi eliqhekekileyo kumthambo onzulu emlenzeni), ihlwili linokuqhekeka liye emiphungeni, nto leyo ebangela i-pulmonary embolism. Oku kunokuba yingozi ebomini.
5. I-Aortic Aneurysm
I-aneurysm kubuthathaka kodonga lomthambo wegazi, okubangela ukuba ludumbe njengebhaluni. Nangona lunokwenzeka nakweyiphi na imithambo yegazi, lubonakala kakhulu kwi-aorta, umthambo oyintloko ophuma entliziyweni.
- I-Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: Ukudumba kwi-aorta kwindawo yesifuba.
- I-Aneurysm ye-Aortic yesisu: Ukudumba kwe-aorta esiswini.
6. I-Lymphedema
Inkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic yinethiwekhi yemithambo ethambileyo enceda inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela. Ukuba le mithambo ye-lymphatic yonakele okanye ivalekile, ulwelo lwe-lymph luyaqokelelana luze lubangele ukudumba kwamalungu ethu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -Lymphedema .
Zithini izizathu kunye nezinto ezibangela ezi zifo?
Ezinye izifo zemithambo yegazi zinokufunyanwa njengelifa (ngokwemfuza), kodwa uninzi lwexesha, ezi zifo zibangelwa yimikhwa emibi yokuphila kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo.
- I-Cholesterol ephezulu
- Igazi elonyukayo
- Ukutshaya nokusebenzisa icuba
- Isifo seswekile
- Ukutyeba kakhulu kunye nokunyuka kobunzima
- Andizilolongi
- Imbali yosapho yezi zifo
- Ukwaluphala
Ngaba nawe unazo ezi mpawu?
Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko. Makhe sijonge iimpawu zeemeko ezininzi eziphambili.
| Udidi lwezifo | Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo |
|---|---|
| Isifo semithambo yegazi ejikeleze umqolo (i-PAD) | Intlungu okanye ukuqaqamba emilenzeni, ingakumbi amathole, xa uhamba uze unyamalale emva kwexesha elithile, utshintsho kumbala wesikhumba emilenzeni, amanxeba angapholiyo, kunye nokudinwa emilenzeni. |
| Isifo semithambo ye-carotid | Amaxesha amaninzi akukho zimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala. Isenokungabonakali de kubekho isifo sohlangothi okanye i-TIA, nto leyo enokubangela iingxaki zokubona okanye zokuthetha, ukudideka, kunye neengxaki zenkumbulo. |
| Imithambo yeVaricose (CVI) | Ukudumba kwemilenze, iintlungu, ukuziva ubunzima emilenzeni, imithambo ebonakalayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/mfusa, ulusu olurhawuzelelayo. |
| Amahlwili egazi (i-DVT, i-PE) | I-DVT: Ukudumba, iintlungu, ukubomvu, kunye nokufudumala komlenze omnye. Ukubetheka kwesifuba ngequbuliso, ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukukhohlela igazi. (Le yimeko engxamisekileyo!) |
| I-Aneurysm yomthambo omkhulu | Amaxesha amaninzi akukho zimpawu. Ukuba i-aneurysm iyaqhambuka, unokufumana iintlungu eziqatha zesifuba okanye zesisu ngequbuliso, isiyezi, kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza. (Le yimeko engxamisekileyo!) |
Ugqirha uzichonga njani ezi zifo?
Xa undwendwela ugqirha wakho, uza kukuxilonga kakuhle, akubuze ngeempawu zakho, imbali yempilo yosapho lwakho, kwaye angayalela ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo oluninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo.
- I-Vascular Ultrasound: Olu luvavanyo olusebenzisa amaza esandi ukujonga ukuhamba kwegazi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi kunye nokujonga ukuba akukho nto ivalelekileyo na.
- I-CT Angiography: I-CT scan yenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ezinemilinganiselo emithathu yemithambo yegazi ngokufaka into ethile emzimbeni.
- I-MR Angiography: Ukufota imithambo yegazi ngomatshini we-MRI kusetyenziswa intsimi yemagnethi.
- I-Catheter Angiography: Ityhubhu encinci (i-catheter) idluliselwa ngemithambo yegazi kwaye kufakwa ulwelo olukhethekileyo kuyo ukuze kufunyanwe ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi phantsi kwe-X-ray.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Iindlela zonyango ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko kunye nobunzima bayo. Ingcebiso ngokubanzi enikwa bonke abaguli kukwenza utshintsho kwindlela abaphila ngayo . Oko kuthetha ukutya ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokuphepha ukutshaya. Ukongeza, kukho unyango olufana nolu:
- Amayeza: Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza afana nemithi yokunciphisa igazi, amayeza okwehlisa i-cholesterol (statins), amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kunye nemithi yokunciphisa imithambo yegazi.
- I-Angioplasty kunye ne-Stenting: Inkqubo apho kufakwa isixhobo esifana nebhaluni kumthambo wegazi ovalekileyo, sivuthelwe umoya ukuze sandise umthambo (i-angioplasty), kwaye kufakwa isixhobo esifana ne-mesh (i-stent) ukuthintela ukuvalwa kwakhona.
- Utyando: Kwezinye iimeko, kuyimfuneko ukususa umthambo ovalekileyo uze uwufake omnye umthambo (utyando oludlulayo) okanye ukususa igazi eliqhekekileyo (i-thrombectomy). Kwiimeko ezifana nemithambo evalekileyo, unyango lwelaser okanye utyando lukwasetyenziswa ukususa umthambo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ugqirha wakho uza kugqiba ngonyango olulungele wena. Ngoko ke musa ukuya kufuna amayeza kuba nje uwabone kwi-intanethi okanye uve ngawo komnye umntu.
Ngawaphi amaxesha apho ngequbuliso kufuneka uye kwi-ETU?
Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) esibhedlele ngoko nangoko. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zesimo esisongela ubomi esifana nestroke, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, okanye i-aortic aneurysm eqhekekileyo.
- Intlungu yesifuba eqatha ngequbuliso
- Intlungu ebuhlungu yesisu ngequbuliso
- Ubunzima bokuthetha, ukungakwazi ukuthetha kakuhle
- Ukugoba kwelinye icala lobuso
- Ubuthuntu okanye ubuthathaka bengalo okanye umlenze omnye
- Ukudideka okukhulu ngequbuliso okanye isiyezi
- Ukulahlekelwa okanye ukufiphala kombono
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo semithambo yegazi sisifo esiqhelekileyo esichaphazela inkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wethu.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kunye nokutshaya zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela umngcipheko.
- Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu ezifana neentlungu zomlenze, ukuqaqamba kwemilenze, okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla. Bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Uninzi lwezi zifo lunokuthintelwa kwaye lulawulwe yindlela yokuphila enempilo (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokuphepha ukutshaya).
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa amayeza achazwe ngugqirha ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha elimiselweyo.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zongxamiseko (iintlungu eziqatha esifubeni, ukurhawuzelela kobuso, ubunzima bokuthetha), yiya esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
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