Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci akathandi ukudlala okanye ukuncokola nabanye abantwana? Ngaba uphuze kancinci ekuthetheni ngendlela efanelekileyo kubudala bakhe? Okanye uqhubeka nokudlala uhlobo olufanayo lomdlalo? Kuqhelekile ukuba abanye abazali bazive besoyika kwaye bexhalabile xa bebona izinto ezinje. Namhlanje siza kuthetha nge-autism, imeko enokubonisa ezi mpawu kwaye okwangoku kuthethwe ngayo kakhulu kuluntu.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-autism?
Ngamafutshane, i-autism ayisosifo okanye isifo sengqondo. Lutshintsho kwindlela ingqondo yomntwana ekhula kwaye isebenza ngayo. Ngokwezonyango sibiza oku ngokuba yi-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) . Igama elithi 'spectrum' libaluleke kakhulu apha. Cinga ngomnyama. Njengokuba umnyama unemibala eyahlukeneyo, izakhono kunye nemingeni yabantwana abane-autism yahlukile kakhulu omnye komnye. Nangona abanye abantwana banokufuna inkxaso encinci kuphela, abanye banokufuna inkxaso eninzi kubantu abadala kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla.
Le meko idla ngokuqala ebuntwaneni, ngaphambi kokuba ibe neminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu zokuqala zinokubonakala kwangethuba kwiinyanga ezili-12. Le meko ichaphazela kakhulu iindawo ezintathu:
- Unxibelelwano lweNtlalo : Indlela yokwakha ubudlelwane nabanye.
- Unxibelelwano: Indlela yokuthetha nokwabelana ngezimvo.
- Indlela abaziphethe ngayo: Indlela abaziphethe ngayo nababona ngayo ihlabathi.
Kutheni abantwana abaninzi abane-autism befunyaniswa ukuba bane-autism kule mihla?
Usenokuba ukhe wabona kumaphephandaba okanye kwi-intanethi ukuba "inani labantwana abane-autism liyanda." Xa ujonga idatha ekhutshwe yimibutho yezempilo yehlabathi efana ne-CDC eMelika, ungabona ukuba ipesenti yabantwana abafunyaniswe bene-autism iyanda kancinci kancinci. Umzekelo, ngo-2008, omnye kubantwana abangama-88 wafunyaniswa ene-autism, ngelixa ngo-2020, omnye kubantwana abangama-36 wafunyaniswa ene-autism.
Kodwa musani ukothuka zezi zibalo. Iingcali zithi isizathu esiphambili solu lwando asikokuba i-autism 'iyanda', kodwa kukwakho nokwaziwa phakathi kwabazali, ootitshala kunye noogqirha.
Ngaphambili, abantwana ababeziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kancinci kwaye bengathethi babebizwa ngokuba “zizidenge” okanye “ziinkani kakhulu.” Kodwa ngoku siyazi ukuba ezi ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba ziimpawu ze-autism. Kwaye ukuba umntwana unengxaki yokukhula, ngoku kukho iindlela ezingcono zokuyifumanisa kwangethuba (ukuhlolwa). Ngoko ke, into eyenzekayo kukuba abantwana ababengafunyaniswanga ngaphambili ngoku bachongwa ngokuchanekileyo.
Ziziphi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo ze-autism?
Khumbula, wonke umntwana wahlukile. Ukuba nje umntwana wakho unenye okanye ezimbini kwezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba une-autism. Kodwa ukuba ubona ezinye zezi mpawu rhoqo, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha .
| Icandelo apho iimpawu zinokubonwa khona | Imizekelo eqhelekileyo onokuyibona |
|---|---|
| Ubudlelwane boluntu kunye nonxibelelwano |
|
| Ukuziphatha Okuphindaphindwayo | |
| Iingxaki zeemvakalelo |
Ingaba le meko ichaphazela ngakumbi abafana?
Ewe, ngokwedatha, i-autism ifunyaniswa ngokuphindwe kane phakathi kwamakhwenkwe kunamantombazana. Nangona kunjalo, kutshanje, ukuxilongwa kuye kwanda phakathi kwamantombazana. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zamantombazana zahlukile kancinci, kunokuphoswa.
Yintoni omawuyenze ukuba unamathandabuzo ngomntwana wakho?
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungabi naxhala, kodwa kukufuna iingcebiso kwimithombo efanelekileyo. Musa ukukholelwa kuyo yonke into oyifunda kwi-intanethi. Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye imibuzo malunga nokukhula okanye ukuziphatha komntwana wakho, eyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza yile:
1. Thetha nogqirha wakho wosapho.
2. Bona ingcali kwiNgcali yabantwana.
Ugqirha uza kumxilonga umntwana wakho, amamele ngenyameko xa uphawula, aze, ukuba kuyimfuneko, akuthumelele kwezinye iingcali (umz., ingcali yokuthetha, ingcali yokunyanga umsebenzi) eziqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ekuphuhliseni nasekuziphatheni komntwana.
Khumbula, ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nokungenelela kwangoko kubalulekile kwikamva lomntwana. Ukubonelela ngenkxaso kunye nonyango umntwana wakho aludingayo esemncinci kunokunceda kakhulu ekuphuhliseni izakhono zakhe kunye nokulawula imingeni.
Iingxaki ezinokuvela njengoko umntwana ekhula
Njengoko abantwana abane-autism befikelela kwinqanaba lokufikisa, banokujamelana nemingeni emitsha. Basenokuba nobunzima bokwenza abahlobo, ukugcina ubudlelwane, nokuqonda iindlela zokuziphatha ezilindelekileyo esikolweni okanye emsebenzini.
Kwakhona, kukho iimeko apho i-autism ihamba nezinye iimeko ezifana nokuxhalaba, ukudakumba , kunye nesifo sokungakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo/ukungasebenzi kakuhle (ADHD) . Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhathalela impilo yengqondo yomntwana kunye nokufuna iingcebiso zonyango ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) ayisosifo, lutshintsho ekuphuhlisweni nasekusebenzeni kwengqondo.
- Eyona sizathu sokwanda kwesifo se-autism kutshanje kungenxa yokwanda kolwazi phakathi koluntu kunye noogqirha ngesi sifo, endaweni yoqhambuko lwaso.
- Wonke umntwana one-autism uhlukile. Izakhono zakhe kunye nemingeni yakhe yahlukile komnye nomnye.
- Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nokuziphatha okanye ukukhula komntwana wakho, musa ukoyika kwaye ucele ingcebiso kugqirha wezingane.
- Ngokubabona kwangethuba nokunika umntwana inkxaso ayidingayo, banokuncedwa ukuba baphile ubomi obuphumelelayo nobonwabisayo.
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