Ingabe ingane yakho encane ine-cholesterol ephezulu? (I-Cholesterol Ephakeme Yabantwana) Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Sonke sivame ukukhuluma nge-cholesterol kubantu abadala, okungukuthi, izinga lamafutha egazini. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi ngisho nezingane ezincane zingaba nale nkinga ye-cholesterol? Eqinisweni, ngezinye izikhathi ingaba yingozi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ungakhathazeki. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi iyini i-cholesterol ephezulu ezinganeni ezincane, noma njengoba odokotela beyibiza ngokuthi, `(Pediatric High Cholesterol)`, ukuthi iyini, kungani yenzeka, nokuthi yini esingayenza ngayo.

Kusho ukuthini ukuthi i-cholesterol ephezulu ezinganeni ezincane?

Kalula nje, i-cholesterol ephezulu ezinganeni isho ukuthi inani le-cholesterol egazini lengane yakho liphakeme kunokujwayelekile. Le cholesterol uhlobo lwamafutha egazini lethu olubizwa ngokuthi `(Lipids)`. Kukhona nolunye uhlobo lwamafutha olubizwa ngokuthi `(Triglycerides)`, olungaba phezulu nakwezinye izingane. Empeleni, umzimba wethu udinga amanye ala mafutha, ngoba asiza emisebenzini eyahlukene yomzimba. Kodwa-ke, kuvela izinkinga lapho lawa ekhula kakhulu.

Manje ungase uzibuze, "Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ingane yami ine-cholesterol ephezulu noma i-triglycerides ephezulu?" Odokotela benza ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngalokhu. Kubizwa ngokuthi "i-Lipid Panel." Lokhu kuhlolwa kungakutshela kahle ukuthi la mazinga amafutha ayini. Khumbula, amazinga e-cholesterol ajwayelekile ezinganeni ezincane ahlukile kancane kwawabantu abadala.

Nasi isibonelo samazinga ajwayelekile amafutha, aphakathi nendawo, kanye namazinga angajwayelekile amafutha ezinganeni ezincane.

(Lapha, akuvamile uma uhlobo oluhle lwe-cholesterol olubizwa ngokuthi i-HDL cholesterol luncipha.)

| Uhlobo lwe-Lipid | I-mg/dL evamile | I-mg/dL engenamkhawulo | I-mg/dL engavamile |

| :- ...

| I-Cholesterol Ephelele | < 170 | 170 - 199 | ≥ 200 |

| I-cholesterol ye-LDL ("i-cholesterol embi") | < 110 | 110 - 129 | ≥ 130 |

| I-cholesterol ye-HDL ("i-cholesterol enhle") | > 45 | 40 - 45 | < 40 |

| Ama-Triglycerides (iminyaka engu-0-9) | < 75 | 75 - 99 | ≥ 100 |

| Ama-Triglycerides (iminyaka eyi-10-19) | < 90 | 90 - 129 | ≥ 130 |

Okubalulekile: Lezi zindinganiso zingashintsha kancane ngokweminyaka, ngakho-ke kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole isiqiniseko.

Yiziphi izimpawu ze-cholesterol ephezulu ezinganeni?

Esikhathini esiningi, izinga le-cholesterol ephezulu yengane alibonisi zimpawu ezisobala . Lena yinto eyingozi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma izinga le-cholesterol liphezulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kungenxa yezizathu zofuzo, ingane ingase ibhekane nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Amaqhubu anamafutha ane-waxy esikhumbeni (i-Xanthoma)
• Ukwakheka okuphuzi, okufana ne-blister esweni noma eduze kwalo (i-Xanthelasma)
• Indandatho emhlophe noma empunga ezungeze i-cornea (i-Corneal Arcus)

Uma ubona izimpawu ezinjengalezi, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela ngokushesha.

Kungani izinga le-cholesterol yengane likhuphuka?

Kunezizathu eziningana ezenza amazinga e-cholesterol engane abe phezulu. Ake sibheke ukuthi ayini:

• Ukudla Nokuphuza: Izinhlobo zokudla ingane ezikudlayo, ikakhulukazi ukudla okunamafutha nokunambitheka okumnandi.
• Inani lomsebenzi womzimba: Ukuthi ingane igijima, igxuma, idlala futhi izivocavoca kangakanani.
• Ezinye izifo: Izimo ezifana nokukhuluphala ngokweqile, isifo sikashukela, kanye nesifo sezinso (Nephrotic Syndrome).
• Imithi: Eminye imithi ingabangela ukwanda kwe-cholesterol.
• Ithonya lezakhi zofuzo: Izakhi zofuzo ezizuzwe kubazali nazo zingaba yimbangela enkulu yalokhu.

Ngokuvamile, izingane ezine-cholesterol ephezulu zinomlando we-cholesterol ephezulu kunina noma kuyise, noma kungenzeka ukuthi ziphuza imithi yokulawula i-cholesterol yazo.

I-cholesterol ephezulu ngenxa yezimbangela zofuzo

Izakhi zofuzo zidlala indima enkulu kule nkinga. Ake sibone ukuthi lokho kusebenza kanjani.

I-Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH)

Lesi yisimo sofuzo. Okwenzekayo ukuthi ingane izalwa inamazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol "embi" (i-LDL Cholesterol). Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kuzuzwa njengefa uma umzali oyedwa kuphela one-gene.

Udokotela angase asole ingane enezinga le-LDL elingachazeki elingu-160 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu. Izinga le-LDL elingu-130 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu enganeni enabazali abane-FH nalo liyimbangela yokukhathazeka.

Izimbangela ze-Polygenetic

Kunezinye izimbangela zofuzo ngaphandle kwe-`(FH)`. Ingane enembangela ye-polygenic ye-cholesterol ephezulu isho ukuthi ingane izuza izakhi zofuzo eziningi kubazali bobabili eziphakamisa amazinga e-`LDL`. Kulesi simo, amazinga e-`LDL` kungenzeka ukuthi ayekhuphuka kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi angase angabonakali kuze kube yilapho esencane. Nakuba lezi zici zofuzo zandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo, azibi zimbi njenge-`(FH)`. Izingane ezine-`(FH)` zivame ukudinga ukuqala imithi ngaphambi kwezingane ezinembangela ye-polygenic.

I-Lipoprotein (a)

`(Lipoprotein (a))` (ebizwa ngokuthi "lipoprotein A encane") uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-cholesterol olungazuzwa kubazali luye ezinganeni. Abantu abanamazinga aphezulu e-`(Lipoprotein (a))` basengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo semithambo yenhliziyo. Kungaphinde kube nomthelela ekwehlekeni okungajwayelekile kwesifo sohlangothi ezinganeni.

Uma ingane yakho inesinye noma ngaphezulu kwezici ezilandelayo eziyingozi, udokotela angase acele ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze ahlole amazinga ayo e-`(Lipoprotein (a))`:

• Ukuxilongwa ngokuthi "une-Familial Hypercholesterolemia".
• Njengoba ngike ngaba nesifo sohlangothi esingaziwa ngaphambili.
• Ukuba namazinga aphezulu e-`(Lipoprotein (a))` kumama noma kubaba.
• Ukuba nomfowabo noma umzali oke waba nesifo senhliziyo esemncane.

Kungani amazinga e-triglyceride ezinganeni ekhuphuka?

Izizathu eziyinhloko zamazinga aphezulu e-triglyceride ezinganeni yilezi:

• Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile
• Isifo sikashukela
• Eminye imithi

Ama-triglyceride aphezulu nawo angaba nezimbangela zofuzo, kodwa awavamile njenge-FH. Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwengane okuzila ukudla (okuzila ukudla amahora ayi-12) kubonisa ama-triglyceride angu-500 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu ngaphandle kwesinye isizathu, odokotela bangase basole imbangela yofuzo.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-cholesterol ephezulu ezinganeni?

Izingane ezine-cholesterol ephezulu (i-cholesterol ye-`LDL`) zingaba nezinkinga zempilo njengoba zikhula. Lokhu kubangelwa kakhulu ukugcwala kwamafutha (i-atheroma) ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, okungavimba ukugeleza kwegazi. Lokhu kunganciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni, ebuchosheni, noma emilenzeni. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngalezi zimo:

• Isifo senhliziyo
• Isifo sohlangothi
• Isifo Semithambo Engaphandle

Cabanga nje, uma lezi zinkinga zilawulwa usemncane, yeka ukuthi kuzokusiza kangakanani ukugwema izifo ezinkulu kangaka lapho ukhula!

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yokwanda kwama-triglyceride ezinganeni?

Uma izinga le-`(Triglycerides)` liphezulu kakhulu, ingane ingase ibe `(Pancreatitis).` Uma izinga le-`(Triglycerides)` liphezulu isikhathi eside, lingasiza nasekubekeni amafutha emithanjeni ngezinga elithile. Kodwa-ke, alinawo umphumela omkhulu njenge-`(LDL)` cholesterol.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani ukuthi izingane zine-cholesterol ephezulu?

Izingane zesikole zingahlolwa amazinga azo e-cholesterol ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okulula. Kwezinye izimo, kungadingeka uzile ukudla okungenani amahora ayi-12 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwegazi. Buza udokotela wakho uma lokhu kuyadingeka.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwa uma othile emndenini enesifo senhliziyo, noma uma abazali benamazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi ingabonisa ukuthi i-cholesterol noma i-triglycerides yengane iphakeme yini.

Indlela yokwelapha i-cholesterol ephezulu ezinganeni?

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokulawula i-cholesterol ephezulu ukwenza izinguquko ekudleni kwengane yakho nokwandisa inani lomsebenzi womzimba ewenzayo.Udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ngalokhu. Uma lezi zinguquko zodwa zingawehlisi amazinga e-cholesterol yengane yakho abe sezingeni eliphephile, udokotela angase ancome imithi (yezingane ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-8 ubudala).

Ingabe ingane yami iyayidinga imithi?

Kungase kudingeke. Odokotela batusa imithi esekelwe ezeluleko zochwepheshe ezivela ezinhlanganweni ezifana ne-National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute kanye ne-American Heart Association. Nazi ezinye izimo lapho udokotela angase anike ingane yakho imithi:

• Uma izinga le-LDL lingaphezu kuka-190 mg/dL:
• Uma ingane ingenazo ezinye izinto ezingabangela isifo senhliziyo.
• Uma izinga lakho le-LDL lingu-160 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu, futhi unezinye zalezi ezilandelayo:
• Ingane inezici eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo.
• Omunye wabazali waba nesifo senhliziyo esemncane, noma kukhona ukugcwala kwamafutha emithanjeni yenhliziyo (i-coronary artery plaque).
• Uma amazinga akho e-cholesterol engakafinyeleli ezingeni eliqondiwe ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha zokwenza izinguquko ekudleni nasekuzivocavoceni kwakho.
• Uma izinga lakho le-LDL lingaphezu kuka-130 mg/dL, unezinye zalezi ezilandelayo:
• Omunye wabazali utholakale ene-`(FH)`.
• Ingane inezici eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo njengokukhuluphala ngokweqile, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukubhema (ingane noma abantu abaseduze nayo), amazinga aphansi e-HDL, umlando weSifo sikaKawasaki, isifo sezinso, ukufakelwa isitho, i-Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, i-Lupus, noma i-HIV.
• Uma izinga lakho le-LDL lingaphezu kuka-100 mg/dL, unezinye zalezi ezilandelayo:
• Ingane inesifo sikashukela sohlobo I noma sohlobo II.
• Ingane ine-Kawasaki Disease, ebangela ukwakheka kwe-aneurysms yemithambo yenhliziyo.

Yimiphi imithi enikezwa izingane ye-cholesterol?

Ama-statin ayisinqumo sokuqala sezingane ezinamazinga aphezulu e-LDL. Isibonelo:

• I-Atorvastatin (Lipitor®)
• I-Rosuvastatin (Crestor®)
• I-Simvastatin (Zocor®)

Nansi indlela imithi ye-statin ehlisa ngayo amazinga e-LDL engane:

• Kuvimba isibindi ekukhiqizeni i-cholesterol.
• Isusa i-cholesterol eningi egazini futhi isize umzimba ukuthi uyisebenzise kahle.

I-Ezetimibe umuthi wesibili owehlisa amazinga e-LDL. Usebenza ngokuvimbela ukumuncwa kwe-cholesterol emathunjini iye egazini.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Lipoprotein ephezulu (a)

Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila azinawo umthelela omkhulu emazingeni `(Lipoprotein (a))` njengamazinga `(LDL)`. Njengamanje, azikho imithi ethile yokwelapha amazinga aphezulu `(Lipoprotein (a))`. Kodwa-ke, izivivinyo zemithi ziyaqhubeka. Uma amazinga `(Lipoprotein (a)` engane yakho ephezulu, udokotela angase ancome ukuthi igxile ekunciphiseni ezinye izici eziyingozi zesifo semithambo yenhliziyo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ukudla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo.
• Ukuzivocavoca okwanele.
• Ukwelapha amanye amazinga e-cholesterol ngemithi.
• Gwema ukubhema.

Ukwelapha ama-triglyceride aphezulu

Udokotela wengane yakho angase ancome izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Ukwenza izinguquko ekudleni nasekuzivocavoceni kwengane yakho.
• Izithasiselo zamafutha enhlanzi (kufika ku-4000 mg ngosuku).
• Eminye imithi (ezimweni ezikhethekile lapho amazinga e-triglyceride ezingane ephezulu kakhulu).

Ingabe i-cholesterol ephezulu ezinganeni ingalungiswa?

Yebo, kungasiza! Ukwelashwa kungasiza ekwehliseni amazinga e-cholesterol yengane yakho abe sezingeni eliphephile. Lokhu kunganciphisa nengozi yezinkinga ezinkulu esikhathini esizayo. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi uthole ukuthi yimaphi amazinga e-cholesterol aqondiwe yingane yakho nokuthi ungafika kanjani lapho.

Ngingasiza kanjani ukwehlisa i-cholesterol yengane yami?

Ungasiza ukwehlisa amazinga e-cholesterol yengane yakho ngokuyikhuthaza ukuthi:

• Yondla ukudla okunamafutha aphansi. Amafutha kufanele akhe u-30% noma ngaphansi kwamakhalori aphelele engane yakho nsuku zonke. Uchwepheshe wezokudla angakusiza ukubala leli nani futhi udale izinhlelo zokudla.
• Gwema amafutha e-trans futhi unciphise amafutha agcwele. Amafutha agcwele amafutha avame ukuba aqinile ekamelweni lokushisa, njengamafutha ezilwane, uwoyela kakhukhunathi, namafutha esundu. Amafutha agcwele kufanele abe ngaphansi kuka-10% wamakhalori akho aphelele ansuku zonke. Esikhundleni salokho, khetha amafutha angagcwele, njengamafutha omnqumo, uwoyela we-avocado, namafutha e-flaxseed.
• Nciphisa ukudla i-cholesterol ekudleni. Izingane kufanele zidle ngaphansi kwama-300 mg e-cholesterol ngosuku.
• Gwema imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha aphelele. Nikeza ubisi olunamafutha angu-2% ezinganeni eziphakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-12-24. Nikeza ubisi olungenamafutha ezinganeni ezingaphezu kweminyaka emibili ubudala.
• Nikeza ukudla okune-fiber eyanele. Khuthaza ingane yakho ukuba idle ukudla okune-fiber eningi, njengemifino, izithelo, amantongomane, ubhontshisi kanye nokusanhlamvu okuphelele.
• Khuthaza umsebenzi womzimba ojwayelekile. Imisebenzi ye-aerobic efana nokugibela ibhayisikili, ukugijima, ukuhamba ngezinyawo, nokubhukuda ingasiza ekwandiseni amazinga e-cholesterol e-HDL ("enhle") futhi inciphise ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.
• Siza ingane yakho igcine isisindo sayo siphilile.Ungathola ukuthi leso silinganiso sesisindo singakanani kudokotela wakho.

Yikuphi ukudla okungcono kakhulu engingakondla ingane yami?

Khetha ukudla okuhlukahlukene ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ithola zonke izakhamzimba ezidingayo. Nazi ezinye zokudla okunempilo ezingasiza ekulawuleni amazinga e-cholesterol:

Kwebhulakfesi:

• Isithelo
• Okusanhlamvu okuphelele
• I-oatmeal
• I-yogathi yamaGreki

Kwasemini nakusihlwa:

Gcwalisa ipuleti lengane yakho ngemodeli ye-USDA MyPlate:

• Amaprotheni angenamafutha njengenkukhu, inhlanzi, ubhontshisi (1/4 yepuleti)
• Okusanhlamvu okuphelele (ingxenye eyodwa kwezine yepuleti)
• Izithelo nemifino (ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zepuleti)
• Ukudla komkhiqizo wobisi onamafutha aphansi

Izindlela zokupheka ezinempilo zifaka phakathi ukubhaka, ukugaya, kanye nokuthosa ngomoya. Gwema ukuthosa kakhulu.

Ukudla okulula:

• Isithelo
• Imifino
• Izinhlobo zamantongomane nembewu
• Ama-crackers okusanhlamvu okuphelele
• Imikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha aphansi

Iziphuzo:

Khetha amanzi nobisi olunamafutha aphansi. Gwema i-soda, ubisi olunoshukela, iziphuzo zezithelo, neziphuzo zemidlalo.

Kufanele ngiyise nini ingane yami kudokotela?

Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi kufanele umlethe kangaki ingane yakho kudokotela. Amazinga e-cholesterol yengane yakho kuzodingeka aqashwe njalo. Kufanele futhi uhlolwe amazinga e-cholesterol yengane yakho ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngemuva kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko ekudleni noma ezinyangeni ezimbili ngemuva kokuqala noma yimuphi umuthi omusha.

Okokugcina, into okufanele icatshangelwe.

Ngenxa yokuthi sesijwayele ukuzwa nge-cholesterol kubantu abadala, kulula ukukhohlwa ukuthi ngisho nezingane ezincane zingaba nale nkinga - kuze kube yilapho yehlela ingane yethu. Bese kuba nzima ukuyeka ukucabanga ngayo. Ungakhathazeki, odokotela bengane yakho bayaqonda ukukhathazeka kwakho, futhi balapha ukusiza umndeni wakho wonke. Buza imibuzo yakho, funda okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Sebenzani ndawonye ukudala indlela yokuphila enempilo yenhliziyo.

Ngokwelapha i-cholesterol esemncane, unganika ingane yakho ithuba elihle kakhulu lekusasa elinempilo.

I - cholesterol yezingane, i-cholesterol ephezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu yezingane, isifo senhliziyo, ukudla okunempilo, indlela yokuphila, iphaneli ye-lipid