Kunzima ukusho ngamazwi ukwesaba, ukushaqeka, kanye nokungaqiniseki ozizwayo lapho utholakala unomdlavuza webele. Imibuzo efana nokuthi "Ngenzenjani manje?", "Ngizoba ngcono?", "Luhlobo luni lokwelashwa engizoluthola?" iqala ukugijima engqondweni yakho. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi isayensi yezokwelapha isithuthuke kakhulu namuhla. Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu zomdlavuza webele. Nakuba lolu hambo lunzima, awuwedwa. Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngezokwelapha ezingakusiza nokuthi ungadlula kanjani kukho.
Ngingakhetha kanjani ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kimi?
Ngaphambi kokuncoma ukwelashwa kwakho, udokotela wakho uzocabangela izici eziningana. Kufana nokuya esitolo sezingubo bese ukhetha ingubo efanele wena. Akuwona wonke umuntu ozothola ukwelashwa okufanayo.
Udokotela wakho uzocabangela lezi zici:
- Uhlobo lomdlavuza: Kunezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza webele . Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni.
- Isigaba somdlavuza: Singakanani isimila? Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi sesisabalele yini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
- Uhlobo lwamangqamuzana omdlavuza: Amangqamuzana akho omdlavuza azohlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi anama-receptor e-estrogen ne-progesterone noma iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-HER2. Uma lokhu kukhona, anganikezwa ukwelashwa okuqondiwe.
- Amathonya ezakhi zofuzo: Eminye imidlavuza yebele ihlotshaniswa nokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okudluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.
- Isimo sakho siqu: Ubudala bakho, ukuthi ngabe uke wadlula esikhathini sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, noma yiziphi ezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo, kanye nezinto ozithandayo nazo zithinta lesi sinqumo.
Khumbula, zonke lezi zinqumo zenziwa ngemva kwengxoxo nawe nodokotela wakho, ngakho ungesabi ukubuza noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo.
Yiziphi lezi zindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza webele?
Kalula nje, ukwelashwa komdlavuza webele kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko. Esinye ukwelashwa okuhlose umdlavuza kuphela, kanti esinye ukwelashwa okuthinta umzimba wonke.
Uhlobo 1: Ukwelashwa Kwendawo
Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zisusa umdlavuza lapho ukhona khona.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela yokuqala yokwelapha kubantu abaningi. Ngezinye izikhathi ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kunikezwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuncishiswe isimila.
- Ukususwa Kwezicubu Ezifile (Lumpectomy)Ukususwa kwe-Lumpectomy : Lokhu kuhilela ukususa ingxenye yebele equkethe umdlavuza kuphela. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "ukuhlinzwa kokulondoloza amabele."
- Ukususwa kwebele: Lokhu kuhilela ukususwa kwebele lonke. Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokuhlinzwa zombili izinhlobo.
- Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Lokhu kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Abesifazane abaningi abaye banqunywa i-lumpectomy banikezwa lokhu kwelashwa ukuze babulale noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele. Lo msebe ungalethwa ngomshini ongaphandle komzimba, noma ungalethwa ngembewu encane, enemisebe efakwa endaweni lapho umdlavuza wawukhona khona.
Uhlobo 2: Ukwelashwa okuthinta umzimba wonke (Ukwelashwa Okuhlelekile)
Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zibhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza angase abe khona kuwo wonke umzimba.
| Indlela yokwelapha | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali | Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza umzimba imithi (imithi) ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kunganikezwa njengamaphilisi noma nge-IV. Lokhu kungalimaza hhayi amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuphela, kodwa futhi namangqamuzana anempilo ahlukana ngokushesha, yingakho kuvela imiphumela emibi njengokulahlekelwa izinwele. |
| Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone | Eminye imidlavuza yebele iqhutshwa ama-hormone afana ne-estrogen. Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza ngokuvimbela ukusebenza kwalawo ma-hormone. Isibonelo, kusetshenziswa umuthi obizwa ngokuthi i-Tamoxifen. |
| Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe | Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha ekhethekile kakhulu. Ihlose iphrotheni ethile (njenge-HER2) emaseli omdlavuza, kuyilapho inciphisa umonakalo emaseli anempilo. I-Trastuzumab ingenye yemithi enjalo. |
| Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy | Lokhu kuhilela ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wakho ukuze alwe namaseli omdlavuza, njengokusiza ibutho lakho ukuthi lilwe nomdlavuza. |
Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa lungaba yinhlanganisela yalezi zindlela. Isibonelo, ungase uhlinzwe kulandelwe yi-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiation therapy.
Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa kanye nendlela yokubhekana nayo
Njengazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha, kungaba nemiphumela emibi. Eminye yayo iyaphela ngemva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Eminye ingase ivele kamuva. Kodwa ungakhathazeki , kunezindlela zokubhekana cishe nazo zonke lezi zinto.
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza: Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imithi yalokhu.
- Ukukhathala: Lokhu akufani nokukhathala okuvamile. Phumula ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngisho nokuzivocavoca okulula kungasiza ngezinye izikhathi kulokhu.
- Ukulahlekelwa izinwele: Lokhu kuwumphumela ovamile we-chemotherapy. Kodwa khumbula, izinwele zizokhula futhi ngemva kokuphela kokwelashwa.
- I-Lymphedema: Ukuvuvukala kwengalo ohlangothini lwebele. Uma ubona lokhu , tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha . Kunezindlela zokulawula lokhu.
- Izinguquko zesikhumba nezinzipho: Isikhumba esomile, ukubomvu, kanye nokushintsha kombala wezinzipho kungenzeka.
- Ubunzima bokucabanga ("ubuchopho be-chemo"): Abanye abantu bangase babe nezinkinga ezincane ngenkumbulo nokugxila. Lokhu kuvame ukuba okwesikhashana.
Ukwelashwa kanye nekhono lokuba nezingane (ukuzala)
Lesi yisihloko esibucayi kakhulu kwabesifazane abatholakale benomdlavuza webele ngaphambi kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini. Eminye imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali kanye nama-hormone ingabangela ukungabi nabantwana okwesikhashana noma unomphela noma ukunqamuka kokuya esikhathini ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Uma unethemba lokuba nezingane esikhathini esizayo, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa . Kunezindlela zokulondoloza ukuzala:
- Amaqanda noma ama-embryo aqandisiwe.
- Ukuthatha ingcezu yezicubu zesibeletho bese uyiqandisa.
Khuluma ngalokhu ngokukhululekile. Udokotela wakho uzokuqondisa ngenketho engcono kakhulu kuwe.
Ubhekana kanjani nemiphumela emibi ethinta ukubukeka?
Ukuhlala uqinile engqondweni ngezinguquko ezibangelwa ukwelashwa kungaba yinselele, kodwa kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze ubhekane nazo.
Ukulahlekelwa izinwele
Lokhu kuyinto ethinta abantu abaningi ngokwengqondo, kodwa ungayilungiselela.
- Gunda izinwele zakho zibe mfushane ngaphambi kokuba ziqale ukuqothuka. Ngaleyo ndlela, ngeke uzizwe ushaqekile lapho kuqothuka izinwele ezinkulu.
- Sebenzisa izikhafu ezinhle, izigqoko, kanye nezikhafu.
- Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa iwigi, cela udokotela wakho ukuthi akunike umuthi we-"cranial prosthesis." Lokho kungakusiza ukuthi uthole umshwalense.
- Tshela umndeni wakho, ikakhulukazi izingane zakho, kusenesikhathi ngendlela ukubukeka kwakho okuzoshintsha ngayo.
Ukuvuvukala kwengalo (i-Lymphedema)
Uma ubona lokhu, ungakushayi indiva.
- Qaphela ukuthi ungalimazi isandla sakho esivuvukele. Gqoka amagilavu uma usebenza engadini noma endlini.
- Gwema ukuphakamisa izikhwama ezisindayo noma ukugqoka ubucwebe obunzima.
- Sebenzisa isandla sakho esinye uma ufaka imijovo noma ufaka usawoti.
- Cela udokotela wakho ukuthi akuthumele kuchwepheshe we-physiotherapist (i-lymphedema therapist) ukuze akusize ngalokhu.
Ukuhlala uqinile engqondweni
Ukulwa nomdlavuza kuyinselele enkulu, ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Kuvamile ukuzizwa udangele, uthukuthele, futhi ungenathemba. Ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kungaholela ekucindezelekeni.
Uma uzizwa udangele ngaso sonke isikhathi, ungenasithakazelo kunoma yini, ungakwazi ukulala noma ukulala kakhulu, noma ukhungathekile ngempilo, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngakho.
Lezi zinto zizokusiza ukuthi uhlale uqinile engqondweni:
- Khuluma nomuntu omethembayo (umngane omkhulu, ilungu lomndeni, udokotela) ngalokho okusengqondweni yakho.
- Yenza okuthile okuzolisa ingqondo yakho, njenge-yoga noma ukuzindla.
- Zivocavoce, njengokuhamba ibanga elifushane.
- Vumela labo abafuna ukukusiza. Ungazami ukwenza yonke into wedwa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha umdlavuza webele eziphumelelayo nezithuthukile namuhla. Ngakho ungalilahli ithemba.
- Udokotela wakho uzokhetha ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe ngemuva kokucabangela izici eziningi nokuxoxa ngazo nawe.
- Ukwelashwa kungaba nemiphumela emibi, kodwa kunezindlela zokuphatha cishe yonke. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho ngokukhululekile.
- Lolu hambo luyinselele ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Nakekela impilo yakho yengqondo futhi. Funa iseluleko uma kudingeka.
- Awuwedwa kulolu hambo. Umndeni wakho, abangani, kanye nethimba lezokwelapha bakanye nawe. Thola usizo lwabo.
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