Ingabe uke waba nomkhuhlane omkhulu ngokuzumayo futhi waba namaqhubu amancane abuhlungu emzimbeni wakho? Mhlawumbe usanda kuhambahamba ehlathini, wasebenza epulazini, noma waphatha isilwane? Lesi yisimo okungenzeka ukuthi awukaze usizwe ngaso, kodwa kufanele nakanjani wazi ngaso. Sibizwa ngokuthi i-tularemia ngokwezokwelapha. Nakuba kuyisifo esingavamile, singaba sibi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Tularemia?
I-Tularemia ukutheleleka okubangelwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-Francisella tularensis . Lesi yisifo esingadluliselwa kusuka ezilwaneni siye kubantu, esibizwa ngokuthi isifo se-zoonotic. Leli bhaktheriya livame ukuhlala emizimbeni yezilwane ezifana nonogwaja, ama-squirrel, namagundane. Lingadluliselwa futhi yizinambuzane ezifana namakhizane nezimpukane ezihlala emizimbeni yalezi zilwane.
Lesi sifo singathinta izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba kuye ngokuthi sidluliselwa kanjani. Leli gciwane lingabangela izimpawu ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ukuvuvukala okubuhlungu kwama-lymph node, kanye nezifo ezahlukahlukene zamaphaphu, amehlo, umphimbo, kanye nohlelo lokugaya ukudla. Kwamanye amazwe, libizwa nangokuthi "umkhuhlane wonogwaja".
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo?
Nakuba noma ubani engathola i-tularemia, ingozi yakho yokuchayeka kumagciwane abangela lesi sifo ingaba phezulu kuye ngomsebenzi wakho, izinto ozithandayo, noma indlela yokuphila. Abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu kancane:
- Abantu abazingela noma abaphatha inyama eluhlaza: Leli gciwane lingadluliselwa ngokuxhumana nenyama noma uketshezi lomzimba lwezilwane ezizingelwayo.
- Odokotela bezilwane kanye nabaphathi bezilwane: Basengozini futhi ngoba basebenza nezilwane ngaso sonke isikhathi.
- Abantu abasebenza ezindaweni lapho izinambuzane ziluma khona: Abalimi nalabo abasebenza emahlathini basengozini enkulu yokulunywa yizinambuzane ezifana namakhizane.
- Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka: Abantu abane-HIV , iziguli ezinomdlavuza, noma labo abathatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba bangathola kalula lolu hlobo lokutheleleka.
- Izisebenzi zasemapulazini kanye nabagundi bezimvu: Lezi zisebenzi zisengozini enkulu ngoba zisebenza eduze nezilwane kanye nendawo ezihlala kuyo.
- Izisebenzi zaselabhorethri: Labo abenza ucwaningo ngaleli gciwane nabo basengozini yokuchayeka.
Kwenzekani uma leli gciwane lingena emzimbeni?
Cabanga nje ukuthi leli gciwane elibizwa ngokuthi 'i-F. tularensis' lingena emzimbeni wakho. Izivikelo zomzimba wethu, amaseli esimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, azama ukubamba futhi "agubungele" leli gciwane langaphandle. Ngokuvamile, amabhaktheriya angabhujiswa ngaphakathi kwalawo maseli.
Kodwa la magciwane anobuqili kakhulu. Esikhundleni sokucasha ngaphakathi kwalawo maseli omzimba, aqala ukuhlukana futhi ande ngokushesha. Ekugcineni, amangqamuzana omzimba ayabhujiswa, futhi inqwaba yamagciwane aphumayo ihlasela amanye amangqamuzana emzimbeni. Lokhu kubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana kanye nokusebenza kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ngenxa yalokho yikho okubangela izimpawu zethu.
Yiziphi izinhlobo nezimpawu ze-tularemia?
I-Tularemia ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko, kuye ngokuthi amagciwane angena kanjani emzimbeni nokuthi izimpawu zenzeka kuphi. Ukuze sikuqonde kahle lokhu, ake sibheke leli thebula.
| Uhlobo lwesifo | Indlela esakazeka ngayo nokuthi ithinta kanjani | Izimpawu eziyinhloko |
|---|---|---|
| I-Ulceroglandular | Ngokulunywa yikhizane noma isilwane esinalesi sifo. Kuthinta isikhumba nama-lymph node. (Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu) | - Imfiva - Izilonda zesikhumba - Ama-lymph node ayakhula futhi abe buhlungu |
| I-Glandular | Kufana nohlobo olungenhla, kodwa akubanga izilonda zesikhumba. Kuthinta ama-lymph node kuphela. | - Imfiva - Ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu kuma-lymph node ngaphandle kwezilonda zesikhumba |
| I-Oculoglandular | Amanzi noma uketshezi lomzimba oluthelelekile lungena esweni. Kuthinta iso kanye nama-lymph node azungezile. | - Ubuhlungu bamehlo, amehlo anamanzi - Ukuzwela ngaphandle - Ama-lymph node avuvukele azungeze indlebe nentamo |
| I-Oropharyngeal | Ngokuphuza ukudla noma amanzi anegciwane. Kuthinta umphimbo kanye nomgudu wokugaya ukudla. | - Umphimbo obuhlungu kakhulu - Ubomvu namabala amhlophe emphinjeni - Ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu, isifo sohudo |
| I-Pneumonic | Ngokuphefumula igciwane noma ukulisabalalisa emaphashini lisuka kwenye indawo emzimbeni. (Lolu uhlobo olubi kakhulu) | - Umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela - Ubunzima bokuphefumula - Ubuhlungu besifuba, ubuhlungu bomzimba |
| I-Typhoid | Kungadluliselwa nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kungathinta izingxenye eziningi zomzimba. | - Umkhuhlane omkhulu, ukubanda nokuthuthumela - Ikhanda elibuhlungu, izinhlungu zomzimba - Ubuhlungu besisu, ukuhlanza, uhudo, ukudideka |
Into ebalulekile ukuthi izimpawu zivame ukuvela zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-3-5 zokuchayeka kubhaktheriya, kodwa abanye abantu bangase bangakhombisi izimpawu kuze kube amasonto amabili.
Lesi sifo sidluliselwa kanjani? Ingabe sidluliselwa kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye?
Kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko zokudlulisela i-tularemia:
- Ukulunywa yizinambuzane: Ukulunywa yizimpukane ezinegciwane, omiyane, nezinye izimpukane.
- Ukuthintana nezilwane ezinegciwane: Ngokuluma noma ukuklwebheka kwesilwane esinegciwane. Futhi, izicubu noma uketshezi lomzimba oluvela esilwaneni esinegciwane lungangena emzimbeni ngokusikeka noma inxeba esikhumbeni sethu.
- Ukudla noma amanzi anegciwane: Ngokuphuza amanzi angcoliswe amagciwane noma ngokudla inyama engaphekiwe kahle (ikakhulukazi inyamazane).
- Ukuphefumula amabhaktheriya: Lokhu kuyamangaza kancane ukuzwa. Cabanga uma usebenzisa umshini wokugunda utshani noma omunye umshini lapho kunesilwane esifile esinaleli bhaktheriya, amabhaktheriya angangena emoyeni kanye nezinhlayiya ezincane zothuli eziphonswa phezulu, futhi ngisho nokuwuphefumula kungabangela ukugula.
Cha, i-tularemia ayidluliselwa ngqo kusuka komunye umuntu iye komunye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi sifo asinakudluliselwa ngokuthinta noma ukukhuluma nomuntu onegciwane. Kodwa-ke, yisifo esithelelanayo kakhulu . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho nenani elincane kakhulu lamagciwane angena emzimbeni lanele ukubangela lesi sifo.
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma uya kudokotela wakho, uzoqala ngokukubuza ngezimpawu zakho. Uzophinde akubuze ngemisebenzi yakho yakamuva. Isibonelo:
- Uke wahamba ehlathini muva nje?
- Udle isilwane esifana ne-tick?
- Ingabe izilwane (ikakhulukazi onogwaja namagundane) ziyathinteka?
- Uphuze amanzi angcolile?
Ngemuva kwalokho, umzimba uyahlolwa, kubhekwe ama-lymph node avuvukele, izilonda zesikhumba, izinguquko emphinjeni noma emehlweni, futhi kungenziwa izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Kuthathwa isampula yegazi ukuze kuhlolwe ama-antibodies awenziwe ngumzimba ngokumelene namagciwane. Ngezinye izikhathi lawa angase angatholakali ekuqaleni, ngakho-ke kungadingeka ukuthi uphinde uhlolwe ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa.
- I-Biopsy: Ukuthatha ingcezu encane yezicubu ezivela esilondeni sesikhumba noma i-lymph node evuvukele ukuze uyihlole.
- Amanye amasampula: Uketshezi lomphimbo noma lwamakhala, kanye noketshezi oluzungeze amaphaphu uma kukhona ukunqwabelana koketshezi.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu? Ingabe kungelapheka?
Yebo, lesi yisifo esingalapheka ngokuphelele ngama-antibiotic. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngokusekelwe ezimpawini kanye nolwazi olunikezayo, udokotela angase anqume ukuqala ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokuba imiphumela yokuhlolwa itholakale. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvimbela lesi sifo ukuthi singabi sibi kakhulu.
Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuhilela ukuthatha ama-antibiotic izinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kwezingama-21. Imithi evame ukusetshenziswa yile:
- I-Streptomycin
- I-Gentamicin
- I-Doxycycline ( i-Doxycycline )
- I-Ciprofloxacin
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Kubalulekile ukuthatha yonke imithi elwa namagciwane enqunywe udokotela wakho. Ungayeki ukuthatha imithi phakathi nendawo ngoba nje izimpawu zakho seziphelile. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ukuthi amagciwane asele emzimbeni wakho abe namandla futhi ukutheleleka kuphinde kubuye.
Ngeke yini lokhu kube ngcono ngaphandle kokwelashwa? Yiziphi izinkinga?
Nakuba abanye abantu bangase balulame kulesi sifo ngaphandle kokwelashwa, kuyingozi kakhulu . Uma kungelashwa, ikakhulukazi uma utheleleke ngebhaktheriya yohlobo A, izinga lokufa lingafinyelela ku-30%. Kungaholela nasezinkingeni ezinkulu.
- Ukulimala okukhulu kwamaphaphu (i-Acute respiratory distress syndrome - i-ARDS)
- Ukutheleleka kobuchopho noma uqweqwe lobuchopho (i-Meningitis)
- Ukutheleleka kwenhliziyo (i-pericarditis)
- Ukutheleleka kwamathambo (i-Osteomyelitis)
- Ukwehluleka kwesibindi nezinso
Ngakho-ke, uma unezimpawu, ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha kungasindisa impilo.
Singazivikela kanjani kulesi sifo esiyingozi?
Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukugwema lesi sifo. Kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilula esingazilandela ukuze senze lokho.
- Ukuvikelwa kwezinambuzane: Uma uya ehlathini noma endaweni enotshani, gqoka izingubo ezimboza umzimba wakho ngokuphelele. Sebenzisa isifutho sezinambuzane. Ngemva kokubuya ngaphandle, hlola umzimba wakho ukuthi awunazo yini izimpukane, ikakhulukazi ikhanda lakho namakhwapha.
- Ukunakekelwa Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo: Xhumana nodokotela wezilwane mayelana nokwelashwa okudingekayo ukuze izilwane zakho ezifuywayo zizivikele ezifweni.
- Phatha izilwane ngokucophelela: Ungazithinti izilwane zasendle (eziphilayo noma ezifile) ngezandla ezingenalutho. Gqoka amagilavu. Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho ngemva kokuphatha izilwane.
- Ukuphepha kokudla namanzi: Pheka inyama, njengenyamazane, kahle ngaphambi kokudla. Ungaphuzi amanzi ngqo emifuleni noma emifuleni engakalungiswa.
- Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo: Gwema ukusika noma ukusika eduze kwezilwane ezifile. Uma kufanele wenze kanjalo, kuwukuhlakanipha ukugqoka imaski yobuso ukuze ugweme ukuhogela uthuli.
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?
Isikhathi sokubona udokotela ngokuvamile:
- Uma unezimpawu ze-tularemia (umkhuhlane, ukuvuvukala, izilonda zesikhumba).
- Uma usola ukuthi uke wachayeka kuleli gciwane, udokotela wakho angase akunike ama-antibiotic ukuvimbela lesi sifo ukuthi singabi khona.
- Uma izimpawu ziphinde zibuya ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokwelashwa.
Isikhathi sokuya esibhedlela ngokushesha e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU):
Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo ezimbi kakhulu, ungachithi isikhathi uye e -ETU yesibhedlela esiseduze.
- Uma umkhuhlane ungaphezu kuka-39.4 Celsius (103 Fahrenheit).
- I-dementia noma ukudideka kwengqondo.
- Ukopha okubangelwa ukuhlanza noma indle.
- Ukukhwehlela igazi.
- Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula.
- Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba, izindebe, noma izinzipho kube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu esiswini.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Tularemia iyisifo esibi kakhulu, kodwa esingelapheka, esibangelwa amagciwane adluliselwa ezilwaneni.
- Akusabalaliswa kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye, kodwa kungasabalala ngokulunywa yizimpukane, ukuthintana nezilwane ezinegciwane, kanye nokudla/amanzi angcolile.
- Izimpawu eziyinhloko umkhuhlane osheshayo, ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph node, kanye nezilonda zesikhumba.
- Ukuvimbela kungcono kakhulu. Zivikele ezinambuzaneni futhi uphathe izilwane ngokucophelela.
- Uma uba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ngemva kokulunywa noma ukulunywa yisilwane, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Ukuqala ama-antibiotic kusenesikhathi kungavimbela izinkinga ezinkulu.
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