Inkinga abantu abaningi eSri Lanka abanayo umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma "umfutho wegazi" njengoba sonke sazi. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi ukunike umuthi womfutho wegazi lakho, noma wesifo senhliziyo. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zemithi enikezwayo, ama-ACE Inhibitors ayisigaba semithi esivame kakhulu nesibaluleke kakhulu. Uma igama lomuthi wakho lifana neCaptopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril, khona-ke ungase usebenzise lolu hlobo lomuthi. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi ayini lawa ma-ACE Inhibitors, ukuthi asebenza kanjani emzimbeni wethu, nokuthi yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizazi ngenkathi siwasebenzisa.
Kalula nje, ziyini lezi zithiyo ze-ACE?
Igama eliphelele lalokhu yi -Angiotensin - Converting Enzyme Inhibitors. Nakuba leli gama liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, lokho elikwenzayo kulula kakhulu. Ukuze sikuqonde lokhu, ake sixoxe ngenqubo encane eyenzeka emzimbeni wethu.
Ama-hormone nama-enzyme ahlukahlukene asebenza ukulawula umfutho wegazi emzimbeni wethu. Enye yama-enzyme ayinhloko ibizwa ngokuthi i-'ACE (i-Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme).' Le enzyme ethi 'ACE' ifana nefektri encane emzimbeni wethu. Le fektri iguqula into ethi 'Angiotensin I' emzimbeni wethu ibe enye into enamandla ebizwa ngokuthi i-'Angiotensin II'.
Manje lo muntu obizwa ngokuthi 'i-Angiotensin II' nguye osebenza ekwandiseni umfutho wegazi wethu. Wenza izinto ezimbili eziyinhloko:
1. Imithambo yegazi iyancipha (inciphile): Njengoba nje lapho kucindezelwa ipayipi lamanzi, amanzi ageleza ngokushesha, lapho imithambo yegazi inciphile, isikhala sokugeleza kwegazi siyancipha, futhi ingcindezi engaphakathi kwemithambo iyanda.
2. Kunciphisa ukukhishwa kukasawoti namanzi ezinso: Uma usawoti namanzi amaningi emzimbeni kugcinwa, umthamo wegazi uyanda, okuholela ekwandeni komfutho wegazi.
Ngakho-ke okwenziwa yi-ACE inhibitor ukumisa umsebenzi waleyo fektri ebizwa ngokuthi i-'ACE' engikhulume ngayo ekuqaleni. Lokho kusho ukuthi kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-'Angiotensin II', i-hormone ekhulisa umfutho wegazi.
Akukhona lokho kuphela, le enzyme ethi 'ACE' iphula iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi 'Bradykinin', ewusizo emzimbeni wethu futhi ikhulisa imithambo yegazi. Uma uthatha i-ACE inhibitor, ngoba i-enzyme ethi 'ACE' ayisebenzi, iphrotheni enhle ebizwa ngokuthi 'Bradykinin' ihlala emzimbeni.
Kalula nje, ama-ACE inhibitors amisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezandisa umfutho wegazi futhi avimbele ukulahleka kwezinto ezinciphisa umfutho wegazi. Lesi senzo esikabili sisiza ukulawula umfutho wegazi kahle kakhulu.
Yiziphi izimo odokotela abanikeza lo muthi ngazo?
Ama-ACE inhibitors awawona nje umuthi womfutho wegazi. Aphinde asize ekuvikeleni inhliziyo nezinso, ngakho odokotela bayawanikeza imithi yezifo ezahlukahlukene.
- Lawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme:Leli yithuba elibaluleke kakhulu nelisetshenziswa kakhulu.
- Yelapha Ukwehluleka Kwenhliziyo: Uma inhliziyo ingakwazi ukupompa igazi elanele, lo muthi uyasiza ekunciphiseni umthwalo womsebenzi enhliziyweni futhi usize ukuthi isebenze.
- Ngemva Kokuhlaselwa Yinhliziyo: Lo muthi unikezwa ukusiza inhliziyo ukuba ilulame ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokuvimbela umonakalo owengeziwe.
- Vikela izinso zabantu abanesifo sikashukela: Isifo sikashukela singalimaza izinso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ama-ACE inhibitors angasiza ekubambezeleni nasekuvimbeleni lowo monakalo.
- Kulabo abasengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi: Lokhu futhi kunqunyelwe ukuvimbela lezi zimo ukuthi zingenzeki kulabo abasengozini.
- Kwezinye izifo zezinso: Lezi zisetshenziswa nakwezinye izifo zezinso (njenge-'Nephrotic syndrome', 'i-'Proteinuria') ezenzeka ngisho nakubantu abangenaso isifo sikashukela.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ze-ACE inhibitors?
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi yokuvimbela i-ACE emakethe. Imithi yakho ingaba nelinye lamagama abhalwe ngezansi. Khumbula ukuthi yize igama elijwayelekile lomuthi lifana, igama lomkhiqizo lingahluka ngoba lenziwa izinkampani ezahlukene.
| Igama Elijwayelekile Lomuthi | Amanye amagama omkhiqizo (Isibonelo samagama omkhiqizo) |
|---|---|
| I-Benazepril | I-Lotensin® |
| I-Captopril | I-Capoten® |
| I-Enalapril | I-Vasotec® |
| I-Lisinopril | I-Zestril® |
| I-Ramipril | I-Altace® |
| I-Perindopril | I-Aceon® |
Ngingawusebenzisa kanjani lo muthi?
Iningi labantu linikezwa umuthi wokuvimbela i-ACE kanye ngosuku. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu kungadingeka bawuthathe kabili ngosuku. Lokhu kuncike kudokotela wakho ukuthi anqume.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma uphuthelwe umthamo. Cabanga ukuthi ukhohliwe ukuthatha umthamo wakho wasekuseni. Uma ukhumbula emini, thatha ngokushesha nje lapho ukhumbula. Kodwa uma ukhumbula ekuseni ngakusasa, okusho ukuthi sekuyisikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo, ungawuthathi umthamo ophuthelwe. Yeqa bese uthatha umthamo olandelayo ngesikhathi esihleliwe. Ungalokothi uthathe amaphilisi amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanye nalelo okhohliwe. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela umfutho wegazi wakho wehle kakhulu futhi kubangele isiyezi.
Enye into ebalulekile ukuthi akufanele uyeke ukuthatha lo muthi ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Uma wenza kanjalo, umfutho wegazi lakho ungakhuphuka ngokuzumayo, okwandise ingozi yakho yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi. Uma unemiphumela emibi eyenza umuthi ungakhululeki, tshela udokotela wakho. Uzokushintsha umuthi ohlukile ofanele wena.
Yiziphi izinzuzo nemiphumela emibi yalo muthi?
Ama-ACE Inhibitors ayiqembu lemithi odokotela emhlabeni wonke abathembele kuyo ngezizathu eziningana.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko
- Isebenza kahle kakhulu: Ucwaningo lwesayensi luye lwabonisa ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kahle kakhulu ekulawuleni umfutho wegazi kanye nesifo senhliziyo.
- Kuvimbela izifo: Akugcini nje ngokwelapha isifo esikhona, kodwa futhi kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, kanye nesifo sezinso esikhathini esizayo.
- Iyahambisana neminye imithi: Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela banikeza iphilisi elilodwa elihlanganisa i-ACE inhibitor kanye nomunye umuthi womfutho wegazi.
- Kuphephile: Le mithi ngokuvamile ayinazo imiphumela emibi eminingi. Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ayivamile, ngakho ingasetshenziswa ngokuphephile impilo yonke.
Imiphumela emibi engaba khona
Njenganoma yimuphi umuthi, lokhu kungabangela imiphumela emibi emincane kwabanye abantu.
| Umphumela ongemuhle | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukukhwehlela okomile | Lona umphumela ovamile futhi ojwayelekile wemithi yokuvimbela i-ACE. Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, okukhahlayo okungenamafinyila. Uma lokhu kukukhathaza, tshela udokotela wakho. |
| Isiyezi | Lokhu kungenzeka uma usukuma ngokuzumayo uhleli, ikakhulukazi uma uqala ukuthatha umuthi. Ngakho sukuma kancane. |
| Ikhanda elibuhlungu kanye nokukhathala | Abanye abantu bangase babhekane nakho. |
| I-Angioedema | Lesi yisimo esingavamile kodwa esibi kakhulu. Sibangela ukuvuvukala okungazelelwe kobuso, izindebe, ulimi, noma umphimbo. Lokhu kungabangela ubunzima bokuphefumula. |
| Okunye (okungavamile) | Ukunambitheka okunensimbi emlonyeni, isicanucanu, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba. |
Izinto okufanele uziqaphele uma usebenzisa lo muthi
Abantu okungafanele bathathe lo muthi
- Omama abakhulelwe noma abancelisayo. (Uma ukhulelwe, tshela udokotela wakho kusenesikhathi.)
- Abantu abake baba ne-angioedema (ukuvuvukala kobuso) ngaphambilini.
- Abantu abanesifo sezinso esibi kakhulu noma i-renal artery stenosis.
Ukusebenzisana neminye imithi
Uma uthatha i-ACE inhibitor, kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela wakho ngayo yonke eminye imithi oyithathayo (ngisho namavithamini).
- Ama-Painkiller (ama-NSAID): Uma ama-painkiller afana ne-Ibuprofen ne-Diclofenac esetshenziswa njalo, anganciphisa ukusebenza kwama-ACE inhibitors futhi athinte izinso.
- Imithi ethinta amazinga e-potassium: Eminye imithi ingabangela amazinga e-potassium emzimbeni ukuba akhuphuke ngokungadingekile (i-hyperkalemia).
- Izinto zokufaka esikhundleni sikasawoti nosawoti: Xhumana nodokotela wakho mayelana nenani likasawoti okufanele ulidle. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi ubuza udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa "izinto zokufaka esikhundleni sikasawoti" eziqukethe i-potassium.
Kunini lapho kufanele ufune khona iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha?
Uma kuvela noma yiziphi izimpawu ezimbi ezilandelayo, hamba ngokushesha uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
| Isimo Esiphuthumayo - Yiya esibhedlela ngokushesha! | |
|---|---|
| Ukuvuvukala kobuso, umlomo, ulimi, noma umphimbo | Lokhu kungaba yi-'Angioedema'. Isimo esibi kakhulu esingabangela ubunzima bokuphefumula. |
| Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba okukhulu | Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukulunywa okukhulu, ubunzima bokugwinya noma ukuphefumula. |
| Ukuzizwa ulele noma ubuthakathaka | Kungaba uphawu lokwehla okungadingekile komfutho wegazi. |
| Izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi | Ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukungazweli kolunye uhlangothi lobuso noma lomzimba, ubunzima bokukhuluma. |
| Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba noma amehlo (i-Jaundice) | Lokhu kungaba uphawu lwenkinga enkulu yokusebenza kwesibindi. |
Uma uthatha i-ACE inhibitor, udokotela wakho cishe uzoyala ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo okuningana okungenani kanye ngonyaka ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso zakho kanye namazinga kasawoti egazini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukungaweqi lawa mavivinyo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-ACE inhibitors ayiqembu elibaluleke kakhulu nelisebenzayo lemithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo senhliziyo, kanye nesifo sezinso.
- Phuza umuthi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele, ngesikhathi esifanele, nangesilinganiso esifanele.
- Ungayeki ngokuzumayo ukuphuza imithi yakho ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho nganoma yisiphi isizathu.
- Uma ukhwehlela okomile okuqhubekayo, yazisa udokotela wakho.
- Uma uba nezimpawu ezinzima njengokuvuvukala kobuso, izindebe noma umphimbo, ubunzima bokuphefumula, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Tshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke eminye imithi oyithathayo (kufaka phakathi ama-painkiller namavithamini).
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