Ingabe unenkinga yokuzwa? Noma ingabe othile omaziyo unenkinga efanayo? Ezimweni eziningi, ikhambi esilaziyo sonke ukusebenzisa insiza yokuzwa. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu ofanelekela lezi zinsiza zokuzwa? Abanye abantu abakwazi ukusebenzisa la madivayisi afakwa endlebeni ngenxa yokutheleleka kwendlebe, ukukhubazeka okuthile kokuzalwa, noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngobuchwepheshe obuhlukile kancane obusize abantu abanjalo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-BAHA (i-Bone-Anchored Hearing Aid) .
Kalula nje, iyini i-BAHA?
Kulungile, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani. Lokho okwenziwa yinsiza yokuzwa evamile ukukhulisa umsindo ovela ngaphandle bese uwuthumela nge-eardrum yethu uye endlebeni ephakathi nangaphakathi. Okusho ukuthi, uhamba ngendlela efanayo umsindo ovame ukuhamba ngayo.
Kodwa idivayisi ye-BAHA ihluke ngokuphelele. Iyidivayisi exhunywe ngokuhlinzwa ethanjeni lekhanda . Lokhu ikwenza ngokudlidliza amaza omsindo ngqo emathanjeni ekhanda lakho bese iwathumela ku-cochlea, ingxenye eyinhloko yendlebe yangaphakathi ephethe ukuzwa. Ukuze kube sobala, idlula indlela evamile yomsindo bese ithumela umsindo ngqo endlebeni yangaphakathi ngendlela emfushane. Abanye abantu bayibiza nangokuthi 'i-Bone-Anchored Hearing Implant (BAI)'. Womabili amagama abhekisela kudivayisi efanayo.
Idivayisi ye-BAHA ngokuvamile inezingxenye ezintathu:
- Ukufakelwa kwe-titanium: Lokhu kuyisicucu esincane sensimbi esifakwa ngokuhlinzwa ethanjeni lekhanda.
- Isixhumi/Isixhumi sangaphandle: Lena yingxenye exhunywe ku-implant futhi ibonakala kancane esikhumbeni.
- Iprosesa yomsindo: Lena yingxenye ebamba imisindo evela ngaphandle, iyiguqule ibe ukudlidliza, bese iyithumela ethanjeni ngesixhumi. Singakususa futhi sikunamathisele kabusha lokhu nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-BAHA?
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezinhlelo zokuzwa zokudlulisa amathambo. Udokotela wakho uzoncoma uhlobo olukulungele kangcono ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yakho, isimo sakho sezokwelapha, kanye nezintandokazi zakho.
| Uhlobo lwe-BAHA | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| I-BAHA (Ingafakwa ngokuhlinzwa) | Lena yindlela evame kakhulu. Udokotela ohlinzayo ufaka i-titanium implant encane ethanjeni elingemuva kwendlebe yakho. Uma isipholile, iprosesa yomsindo yangaphandle ingaxhunywa kuyo ukuze ikunikeze ukuzwa. Le ngxenye yangaphandle ingasuswa uma ulele noma ugeza. |
| Izinsiza Zokuzwa Zokuqhuba Amathambo Ngaphandle Kokuhlinzwa ( BCHA ) | Lezi zivame ukunconywa ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala kanye nalabo abangafuni ukuhlinzwa. Amanye amadivayisi anganamatheliswa ngqo esikhumbeni nge-glue. Amanye anganamatheliswa ekhanda futhi agqokwe uma kudingeka. Ungazama futhi le ndlela ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze uthole umbono wemiphumela. |
Udokotela we-otolaryngologist (ENT) kanye nodokotela we-audiologist bazokusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi iyiphi kulezi zindlela engcono kakhulu kuwe.
Ngubani ofanelekela le divayisi ye-BAHA?
Akuwona wonke umuntu ozokudinga lokhu, kodwa kuzuzisa kakhulu labo abanenkinga ethile yokuzwa.
Kalula nje, uma indlebe yakho yangaphakathi isebenza kahle, kodwa kukhona ukuphazamiseka kokudlula komsindo kusuka endlebeni yangaphandle kuya endlebeni yangaphakathi, i-BAHA ingaba yisisombululo esihle kakhulu.
Kunezimo ezimbili eziyinhloko ezifanelekela lokhu:
- Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa okubangelwa yi-conductor noma okuxubile: Lokhu kuyinkinga lapho umsindo ungadluli kahle endlebeni.
- Ukungezwa kwendlebe ohlangothini olulodwa: Lokhu kusho ukuthi enye indlebe ingezwa kahle kanti enye indlebe ingezwa okuncane kakhulu noma ingezwa nhlobo.
Ezinye zezimo zezokwelapha ezingabangela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa zifaka:
- Ukutheleleka kwendlebe okungapheli
- I-Cholesteatoma
- I-neuroma ye-acoustic
- Isifo sikaMénière
- I-Aural atresia (ukwehluleka kokuzalwa kwendlebe yangaphandle noma ephakathi ukukhula kahle)
Uma unesifo esifanayo, ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho bese uthunyelwa kuchwepheshe wezindlebe, impumulo nomphimbo ukuze uxoxe ngalokhu kabanzi.
Kwenziwa kanjani ukuhlinzwa?
Lena inqubo elula kakhulu evame ukuthatha imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-60 . Nazi ezinye izinto ezenzekayo ngesikhathi senqubo:
1.I-Anesthesia: Uzonikezwa i-anesthesia ukuze ungezwa ubuhlungu. Kungaba sendaweni noma okuvamile.
2. Ukusikwa okuncane: Ukusikwa okuncane kakhulu kwenziwa esikhumbeni esingemuva kwendlebe.
3. Imbobo ethanjeni: Kwenziwa imbobo encane ethanjeni elithi 'mastoid', eliyingxenye yogebhezi ngemuva kwendlebe.
4. Ukufaka i-implant: I-implant encane ye-titanium, cishe engamamilimitha angu-3-4 (cishe ingxenye yobukhulu be-pea), ifakwa ethanjeni.
5. Ukufaka i-abutment: I-abutment yangaphandle ixhunywe ku-implant. Lokhu kuzobonakala kancane uma isikhumba sesipholile.
6. Ukuthungwa: Ukusika kuyavalwa, kuthungwe, bese kufakwa ibhandeji elihlanzekile.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ngemva kokuhlinzwa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-osseointegration . Kalula nje, yilapho ithambo lakho likhula ngokwemvelo eduze kwe-titanium implant, bese lokhu kokubili kuhlanganiswa ngokuqinile kube yinto eyodwa. Le nqubo ingathatha noma yikuphi kusukela enyangeni eyodwa kuya kwezintathu ukuze iphele. Ngemva kwalesi sikhathi, iprosesa yomsindo yangaphandle ifakwa futhi ilungiswe ukuze ivumelane nokuzwa kwakho.
Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwe-BAHA?
Njenganoma yiluphi uhlobo lokwelashwa, lolu lunezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi.
| Ochwepheshe | Ububi |
|---|---|
| Induduzo: Ikhululekile kakhulu njengoba kungekho sidingo sokufaka noma yini endlebeni njengezinsiza zokuzwa ezivamile. Ingozi encane yokungezwani nesikhumba. | Kudinga ukuhlinzwa: Ububi obukhulu ukuthi lokhu kudinga ukuhlinzwa. Ngisho noma lokhu kungukuhlinzwa okuncane, kunezingozi ezithile nganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa. |
| Ikhwalithi yomsindo ephezulu: Ngenxa yokuthi umsindo uya ngqo ethanjeni ngaphandle kokudlula esikhumbeni, ikhwalithi yomsindo iphezulu kakhulu. | Izingozi zokuhlinzwa: Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu, ukutheleleka, ukuvuvukala, noma ukwehluleka kokufakelwa kungase kwenzeke. |
| Ikhono lokubikezela imiphumela: Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ungazama i-BCHA engahlinzwa bese uthola umbono wokuthi imiphumela izoba yini. | Ukulimala ekhanda: Uma umuntu one-implant ethola ukushaywa kanzima ekhanda, kunengozi yokutheleleka noma ukulimala kwe-implant. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela uma ugibela amabhayisikili, izithuthuthu, futhi udlala imidlalo yokuthintana. |
Nini ukubona udokotela ngemva kokuhlinzwa
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemva kokuhlinzwa (izinsuku ezingu-3-7), ungase uzwe ubuhlungu kanye nokubomvu endaweni yokufakelwa. Lokhu kuvamile. Kodwa-ke, uma uzwa noma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha .
- Uketshezi olufana nobomvu, ukuvuvukala, noma izimpawu zokutheleleka endaweni yokufakelwa.
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu bendlebe obungapheli ngisho nangemva kokuthatha imithi.
- Umkhuhlane onokushisa komzimba okungaphezu kwama-degree Celsius angu-38.3 (101 Fahrenheit).
Ingabe i-BAHA kanye ne-Cochlear Implant ziyinto efanayo?
Lokhu kuyinto edida abantu abaningi. Nakuba zombili ziyizinsiza zokuzwa, ziyasebenza futhi zifanele izimo ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele.
- I-BAHA: Lokhu kusebenza ngokuthumela ukudlidliza komsindo emathanjeni ekhanda kuya endlebeni yangaphakathi esebenza kahle (i-cochlea) . Lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanelekile kubantu abangenazo izinkinga ngendlebe yabo yangaphakathi.
- Ukufakelwa kwe-Cochlear: Lokhu kuvimbela indlebe yangaphakathi eyonakele noma engasebenzi kahle ngokuphelele futhi kuvuselele ngqo inzwa yokuzwa.
Kalula nje, i-BAHA ifana nebhuloho elisiza ukuhamba komsindo uye endlebeni yangaphakathi. Kodwa i-Cochlear Implant uhlelo oluthumela izimpawu zikagesi ngqo emthanjeni oya ebuchosheni kumuntu onendlebe yangaphakathi engasebenzi.
Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kungaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yakho. Kungaba yinto ekhungathekisayo futhi ekhathazayo. Ikakhulukazi uma izinsiza zokuzwa ezivamile zingasebenzi. I-BAHA ubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha obungabuyisela ukuzwa kubantu abanezimo ezithile, ngesilinganiso sempumelelo esiphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-90%). Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalokhu, ungakhuluma nodokotela wakho ubone ukuthi uyafaneleka yini.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-BAHA (i-Bone-Anchored Hearing Aid) iyisisombululo esihle kakhulu kubantu abanokukhubazeka kokuzwa okuthile abangafaki izinsiza zokuzwa ezivamile.
- Lena indlela yokudlulisa umsindo endlebeni yangaphakathi ngokudlidliza emathanjeni ekhanda, udlule indlela evamile yomsindo endlebeni.
- Lokhu kudinga ukuhlinzwa okuncane, kodwa kuyindlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu futhi ephephile.
- Uma futhi unenkinga yokuzwa, kubalulekile ukuxoxa nochwepheshe wezindlebe, impumulo, nomphimbo (ENT) ukuze ubone ukuthi lokhu kwelashwa kukufanele yini.
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