Ingabe uneqhubu ethanjeni lakho? Noma ingabe unesihlungu esiba sibi nsuku zonke futhi sikuvuse ebusuku? Ungase ucabange ukuthi kumane nje kuwukuphuka , ukuphuka, noma "izinhlungu zokukhula." Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinto zingaba uphawu lwento engathi sína kakhulu, njengomdlavuza wamathambo. Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba uma uzwa igama elithi "umdlavuza." Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ake sixoxe ngakho konke ngamagama alula, ngalinye ngalinye.
Uyini ngempela umdlavuza wamathambo?
Kalula nje, igama elithi "umdlavuza wamathambo" liyigama elijwayelekile lezinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene zomdlavuza eziqala emathanjeni ethu. Lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza eqala ukukhula kwelinye lamathambo ethu, lawo maseli aqala kancane kancane ukubhubhisa izicubu zamathambo ezinempilo. Nakuba lawa ma-cancer angakhula kunoma yiliphi ithambo emzimbeni, avame ukutholakala ethanjeni lethanga, ethanjeni lesifuba, noma emathanjeni angaphezulu engalweni.
Kukhona into ebalulekile okudingeka siyiqonde lapha: Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zomdlavuza.
1. Umdlavuza Wamathambo Oyinhloko: Lawa umdlavuza oqala emathanjeni. Lawa abizwa nangokuthi `(Bone Sarcomas)`.
2. Ama-Metastases: Lokhu kuhlukile kancane. Cabanga ngomdlavuza osebeleni, e-prostate, noma emaphashini, bese amaseli awo ehamba ngegazi aye emathanjeni bese eqala ukukhula lapho. Kufana nenkinga kwenye indlu eza endlini yethu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "ama-metastases amathambo." Eqinisweni, iningi lomdlavuza obonakala emathanjeni umdlavuza ovela kwezinye izindawo.
Umdlavuza wamathambo akuyona into okufanele siyithathe kalula, futhi yisimo esidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi namuhla, odokotela bangakwazi ukulawula futhi, kwezinye izimo, baphulukise ngokuphelele le midlavuza.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wamathambo?
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wamathambo oyinhloko. Lezi zihlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lweseli kanye nezicubu umdlavuza oqala kuzo. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.
| Uhlobo Lomdlavuza | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Osteosarcoma | Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza wamathambo oluvame kakhulu. Luqala emaseli enza izicubu ezintsha zamathambo. Luvame kakhulu entsheni nasebantwini abadala abasebasha . Kodwa lungakhula nasebantwaneni nasebantwini abadala abasebasha. |
| I-Ewing Sarcoma | Lo mdlavuza ungakhula emathanjeni kanye nasezicutshini ezithambile ezizungezile. Uvame kakhulu nasezinganeni kanye nasebasha . |
| I-Chondrosarcoma | Lezi zinhlayiya ziqala ku-cartilage, izicubu ezithambile ezisiza amalunga namathambo ethu ukuthi anyakaze. Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu kubantu abadala . |
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko, kunezinye izinhlobo eziningana, ezingavamile kakhulu zomdlavuza wamathambo:
- I-Chordoma: Lokhu kwenzeka emgogodleni noma phansi kwekhanda.
- I-Fibrosarcoma: Iqala ezicutshini ezixhumeneyo ezinemicu ekugcineni kwamathambo.
- Amathumba amakhulu amangqamuzana: Lawa empeleni amathumba angewona umdlavuza (angewona umdlavuza), kodwa awavamile ukuba umdlavuza.
- I-sarcoma ye-pleomorphic engahlukaniseki: Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza osakazeka ngokushesha oluqala ezicutshini ezithambile nasemathanjeni.
Ingabe umdlavuza wamathambo uvamile?
Cha. Umdlavuza wamathambo empeleni awuvamile . Ubangela ngaphansi kwe-1% yazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezibikwe emhlabeni jikelele. Nakuba ungenzeka kunoma yimuphi ubudala, uvame kakhulu ezinganeni, entsheni, nakubantu abadala abasebasha kunakwabantu abadala.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi uma kuvela iqhubu ethanjeni lakho, cishe liyiqhubu elingenabungozi, elingelona umdlavuza. La maqhubu angenabungozi awasabalali emzimbeni wonke njengomdlavuza.
Qaphela lezi zimpawu.
Abanye abantu abanomdlavuza wamathambo bangase bangabi nazimpawu ngaphandle kwesigaxa esingenabuhlungu. Kodwa abanye bangase babe nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimpawu zingadidaniswa nezinye izimo, njenge-"izinhlungu zokukhula," ukulimala kwezemidlalo, noma i-arthritis. Lokhu kungabambezela ukuxilongwa.
Nazi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wamathambo:
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo ngakho |
|---|---|
| Ubuhlungu bethambo | Ubuhlungu obukhula kancane kancane futhi obuhlala njalo. Ubuhlungu bubuhlungu kakhulu ebusuku . Abanye abantu bangase bezwe umuzwa wokucasuka noma ubuhlungu obukhulu emathanjeni. |
| Iqhubu noma ukuvuvukala | Ungase uzwe iqhubu esandleni sakho lapho kukhona khona ubuhlungu. Ungase futhi uqaphele ukuvuvukala ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo. |
| Ubunzima bokuhamba | Uma ukuvuvukala kuseduze nelunga, kungaba nzima ukugoba noma ukuqondisa lelo lunga. |
| Ezinye izici | Ukukhathala okungachazeki, izinhlungu zomzimba, kanye nomkhuhlane. |
Kungani lo mdlavuza wamathambo uvela? Yiziphi izici eziyingozi?
Ochwepheshe abakayazi imbangela eqondile yomdlavuza wamathambo. Kodwa njengeminye imidlavuza, ibangelwa inkinga nge-DNA, uhlelo lokulawula emaseli ethu. Amaseli abe esehlukana futhi aphindaphindeke ngendlela engalawuleki, akhe iqhubu (isimila). Uma engelashwa, la maseli omdlavuza angasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Abacwaningi bathole ukuxhumana phakathi komdlavuza wamathambo nezinye izici eziningana. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi izici eziyingozi.
- Ukwelashwa komdlavuza ngaphambilini: Uma uke wathola ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma imithi ethile ye-chemotherapy njengokwelashwa komunye umdlavuza, ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza wamathambo esikhathini esizayo ingase ikhuphuke kancane.
- Izici zofuzo:Ezinye izimo zofuzo ezingavamile kakhulu, ezizuzwe njengefa (isibonelo, i-Li-Fraumeni syndrome) zingandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamathambo.
- Ezinye izifo zamathambo ezingezona ezomdlavuza: Ezinye izimo zamathambo ezingezona ezomdlavuza, isibonelo, isifo se-Paget sethambo, azivamile ukuphenduka umdlavuza.
Kodwa khumbula, abantu abaningi abathola umdlavuza wamathambo abanazo izinto ezaziwayo eziyingozi . Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuvame ukwenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile.
Udokotela ukuthola kanjani lokhu?
Uma usola ukuthi unomdlavuza wamathambo, udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokuthatha i-X-ray ukuze abheke amathambo akho. Ngemuva kwalokho, bangase bacele i-MRI noma i-CT scan ukuze bathole izithombe ezicacile nezinemininingwane eminingi zezicubu ezizungeze amathambo akho.
Ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo, kuyadingeka ngempela ukuhlolwa kwezicubu . Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu eqhubu bese uyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Ukuhlolwa kwezicubu kunganikeza ulwazi oluningi olubalulekile, njengohlobo lomdlavuza nokuthi usakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani. Ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi, udokotela uzonquma ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe.
Kunqunywa kanjani ukuthi umdlavuza usakazeka kanjani?
Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza kuyindlela esetshenziswa ukunquma ukuthi umdlavuza usendaweni noma usakazeke emzimbeni wonke. Kubheka nokuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahluke kangakanani kumaseli ajwayelekile (ibanga). Lokhu kunganikeza umbono wokuthi umdlavuza usakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa ukunquma isigaba somdlavuza wamathambo.
| Ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba zomdlavuza (Uhlelo lwe-AJCC) | |
|---|---|
| Isiteji | Incazelo |
| Isigaba 1 | Umdlavuza usezingeni eliphansi futhi awukasabalali. |
| Isigaba sesi-2 | Umdlavuza awukasabalali, kodwa usezingeni eliphezulu, okusho ukuthi ungasabalala ngokushesha. |
| Isigaba 3 | Umdlavuza usezingeni eliphezulu futhi ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zethambo lapho waqala khona. |
| Isigaba 4 | Umdlavuza ususakazekele ngale kwethambo waya kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengamaphaphu noma isibindi. |
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko komdlavuza wamathambo ukususa ngokuphelele iqhubu elinomdlavuza ngokuhlinzwa.
- Ukuhlinzwa: Ngobuchwepheshe besimanje, ukuhlinzwa kokusindisa izitho kuvame ukwenziwa. Kule nqubo, udokotela ohlinzayo ususa kuphela isimila esinomdlavuza kanye nenani elincane lezicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile. Ithambo libe selithathelwa indawo yi-graft yethambo yokwenziwa noma i-graft yethambo yangempela evela kwenye ingxenye yomzimba.
Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, ingalo noma umlenze wonke kumele ususwe ukuze kulawulwe umdlavuza. Kuleso simo, ingalo noma umlenze wokufakelwa ufakwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Izinsimbi zokufakelwa zanamuhla zithuthuke kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abaningi bayakwazi ukuphila impilo evamile, njengoba nje babesenza ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
Ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa, kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
- Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe: Lokhu kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa isimila ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa noma ukubhubhisa noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka imithi enamandla emzimbeni ebulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kubaluleke kakhulu ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukulawula ukusabalala komdlavuza, kanye nangemva kokuhlinzwa ukubulala noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele emzimbeni nokuvimbela umdlavuza ukuthi ungabuyi.
Kwenzekani ngemva kokwelashwa? Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama?
Esikhathini esiningi, ubuhlungu obubangelwa umdlavuza buzophela ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala kokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kungaba nemiphumela emibi, futhi kungathatha isikhathi ukuphola.
Kuthatha cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha zokwelapha ngokomzimba ukujwayela isitho sokufakelwa. Ngisho noma unqunyiwe, kungathatha cishe unyaka ukujwayela ngokuphelele ithambo elisanda kudalwa.
Eqinisweni, isikhathi esithathayo ukuze ululame sincike ohlotsheni lomdlavuza, isigaba, kanye nokwelashwa okutholayo. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela konke lokhu.
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wamathambo kuvame ukuphumelela. Ezimweni eziningi, umdlavuza awubuyi. Kodwa-ke, kungadinga ukuhlinzwa okungaphezu kokukodwa.
Abantu abanezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza ezisakazeka ngokushesha bangadinga ukuqhubeka nokuthola imisebe noma ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ukulawula umdlavuza. Ngakho-ke akubona bonke abantu abafanayo. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ukuthi isibikezelo sisekelwe esimweni sakho.
Ingabe lokhu kungavinjelwa? Kufanele ngibone udokotela nini?
Njengoba imbangela eqondile yomdlavuza wamathambo ingaziwa, okwamanje ayikho indlela yokuyivimbela.
Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukubona udokotela ngokushesha uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile emathanjeni akho, njengeqhubu elisha, ukuvuvukala, noma ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo. Ikakhulukazi uma ingane yakho ineqhubu noma ukuvuvukala, kufanele nakanjani uyibonise udokotela. Ukuthi nje inalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi ingumdlavuza. Kodwa udokotela kuphela ongathola ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela lokhu.
Ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa, kufanele nakanjani uye emitholampilo (ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela) ngezinsuku ezinqunywe udokotela. Kuzodingeka uye cishe njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu eminyakeni emibili yokuqala. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubone umdlavuza kusenesikhathi bese uqala ukwelashwa uma uphinda uvela.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninobuhlungu obungapheli, ukuvuvukala, noma iqhubu kwelinye lamathambo ayo, ningakushayi indiva lokho njengokuthi "kuyinto encane nje." Bheka udokotela ngokushesha.
- Umdlavuza wamathambo uyisifo esingavamile kakhulu. Akuzona zonke izigaxa ezakheka ethanjeni eziwumdlavuza.
- Nakuba lesi sifo sibi kakhulu, uma sitholakale kusenesikhathi futhi kuqaliswa ukwelashwa okufanele , ngokuvamile singalawulwa futhi selapheke ngempumelelo.
- Namuhla, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezithuthuke kakhulu neziphumelelayo njengokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye ne-chemotherapy.
- Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba uma uthola ukuthi unomdlavuza. Kodwa awuwedwa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile ngezinto ezikukhathazayo kanye nokwesaba kwakho.
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