Ingabe uvame ukuzizwa usinda, udabuke, noma unesizungu? Mhlawumbe udokotela wakho ukuthole unesifo sokucindezeleka futhi wakutshelile ukuthi uqale ukuthatha imithi yaso. Abanye abantu bayesaba kancane lapho bezwa ngalo muthi. Imibuzo efana nokuthi "Ingabe ngizoba umlutha walokhu?" kanye nokuthi "Ingabe kunemiphumela emibi eminingi?" ifika engqondweni. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngale mithi yokucindezeleka, noma `(Ama-Antidepressants)`, kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.
Uyini lomuthi wokucindezeleka?
Kalula nje, le yimithi udokotela wakho ayinikezayo yokwelapha ukucindezeleka. Uma udokotela wakho esethole ukuthi unesifo sokucindezeleka esimaphakathi kuya kwesikhulu, le mithi inganikezwa yodwa noma ihlanganiswe nokwelashwa/ukwelulekwa ngenkulumo.
Futhi, le mithi ayisetshenziselwa ukucindezeleka kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinye izinkinga eziningana zempilo yengqondo.
- Isifo Sokucindezeleka Okungapheli (OCD)
- Ukwesaba Abantu
- Isifo Sokwethuka
- Isifo Sokukhathazeka Okujwayelekile (i-GAD)
- Isifo Sokucindezeleka Ngemva Kwengozi (PTSD)
Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela basebenzisa le mithi kwezinye izimo zempilo kunalezo abavunyelwe ukuzisebenzisa. Isibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo ezindala zemithi yokucindezeleka (i-Tricyclic Antidepressants) ngezinye izikhathi zinikezwa ubuhlungu, ukungakwazi ukulala, ngisho ne-migraines.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zale mithi?
Le mithi ihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana eziyinhloko. Isigaba ngasinye sisebenza ngendlela ehlukile kancane. Ake sibheke izinhlobo eziyinhloko.
1. Ama-SSRI (Ama-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
Lolu uhlobo lomuthi oluvame kakhulu olunikezwa odokotela abaningi emhlabeni njengamanje. Cishe uzonikezwa omunye wale mithi kuqala ngoba ayinayo imiphumela emibi kakhulu.
| Isici | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukusebenza kahle | Kukhulisa amazinga e-chemical messenger serotonin ebuchosheni, okuthuthukisa isimo sengqondo. |
| Imiphumela emibi evamile | Ukucasuka kwesisu, isicanucanu, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukungakwazi ukulala noma ukozela, ukuncipha kwesifiso sobulili. (Lokhu kuvame ukuphela ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa okuqala). |
| Izibonelo | I-Fluoxetine, i-Sertraline, i-Citalopram, i-Escitalopram |
2. Ama-SNRI (ama-Serotonin kanye nama-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors)
Lolu olunye uhlobo lwemithi, njenge-SSRIs, oluvame ukunikezwa njengokwelashwa kokuqala.
Ukuze kuncishiswe isicanucanu esibangelwa yile mithi, ukuthatha imithi nokudla kuwumqondo omuhle.
- Isenzo: Lokhu kwandisa amazinga e-serotonin kanye ne-norepinephrine ebuchosheni, izithunywa zamakhemikhali.
- Imiphumela emibi evamile: isicanucanu, umlomo owomile, ukujuluka, isiyezi, ikhanda elibuhlungu.
- Izibonelo: I-Venlafaxine, i-Duloxetine, i-Desvenlafaxine.
3. Ama-TCA (Ama-Tricyclic Antidepressants)
Lena uhlobo lomuthi oludala ngandlela thize. Odokotela abalusebenzisi kaningi kulezi zinsuku. Isizathu ukuthi luneminye imiphumela emibi embalwa, futhi ingozi yokudlula ngokweqile iphezulu uma umthamo ukhushulwa.
Ngokuvamile, udokotela ucabangela lolu hlobo lwemithi kubantu abanokucindezeleka okukhulu abangasabeli emithini efana ne-SSRIs kanye ne-SNRIs.
- Imiphumela emibi evamile: umlomo owomile, ukubona okufiphele, ukuqunjelwa, ubunzima bokuchama, ukozela, ukukhuluphala.
- Izibonelo: I-Amitriptyline, i-Imipramine, i-Clomipramine.
4. Ama-MAOI (ama-Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)
Lona kwakuwumuthi wokuqala wokucindezeleka owatholakala. Lokhu akusetshenziswa kakhulu manje. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuthi kufanele ulandele imithetho eqinile mayelana nokudla nokuphuza ngenkathi uthatha le mithi.
Khumbula, okunye ukudla okuvamile (isib. ushizi, ezinye izinhlobo zesoseji, isosi yesoya) kungasabela kulo muthi, kubangele ukwanda okungazelelwe nokuyingozi komfutho wegazi. Ngakho-ke uma unikezwa lo muthi, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza uhlu olude lwezinto ezinhle nezimbi okufanele uzidle. Futhi, lo muthi awunikezwa kanye neminye imithi yokucindezeleka.
Umuthi uqala kanjani ukusebenza?
Lona umbuzo othakazelisayo kakhulu. Ososayensi abakakazi kahle ukuthi lo muthi usebenza kanjani. Kodwa lokhu kuwukuqonda okungcono kakhulu esinakho njengamanje.
Ama-neurotransmitter yiwo athumela imiyalezo phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa ebuchosheni bethu.Ngamakhemikhali abizwa ngokuthi ama-neurotransmitter. Cabanga ngalawa njengezithunywa ezincane. Ebuchosheni bomuntu onesifo sokucindezeleka, umsebenzi wabanye balaba zithunywa ezilawula imizwa (isib. i-Serotonin, i-Norepinephrine, i-Dopamine) ungancishiswa.
Imithi yokwelapha ukucindezeleka isebenza ngokwenza lezi zithunywa zihlale esikhaleni esiphakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa (i-synapse) isikhathi eside. Okusho ukuthi, zandisa ukusebenza kahle kwalezo zithunywa. Yilokhu okuthuthukisa kancane kancane isimo sengqondo futhi kunciphise izimpawu zokucindezeleka.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi awutholi imiphumela ngokushesha ngalo muthi. Kungathatha amasonto ayi-6-8 ukuthi imithi eminingi isebenze ngokugcwele. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukubekezela futhi uqhubeke nokuthatha umuthi wakho njengoba udokotela wakho ekutshela.
Izingozi ezinkulu kakhulu nezinto okufanele uziqaphele
Nakuba iningi lale mithi liphephile, kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele siziqaphele nakanjani.
| Amaphuzu akhethekile okufanele uwaqaphele | |
|---|---|
| Imicabango yokuzibulala (Ingozi Yokuzibulala) | Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Eminye imithi yokucindezeleka, ikakhulukazi entsheni engaphansi kweminyaka engama-25, itholakale ikhulisa imicabango yokuzibulala emasontweni ambalwa okuqala okuqala kokusebenzisa imithi noma lapho umthamo ushintshwa . Yingakho beno-'Black Box Warning'. Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enale micabango, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha, noma uye emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze (i-ETU). Ungashayela futhi inombolo yosizo lwezempilo yengqondo kazwelonke engu-1926 ukuze uthole usizo. |
| Isifo Sokuyeka Ukubhema | Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha lo muthi ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela isiyezi, isicanucanu, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuqwasha, kanye nokuzizwa ushaqekile ngogesi. Lesi simo singase sibuye futhi. Uma uyeka ukuthatha lo muthi, yenza kanjalo ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukadokotela wakho, bese wehlisa kancane kancane umthamo. |
| I-Serotonin Syndrome | Lokhu akuvamile. Kodwa kuyingozi kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amazinga e-serotonin ebuchosheni ekhuphuka ngokungadingekile. Uma kuvela izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ophakeme, ukuthuthumela komzimba, ukukhathazeka okungachazeki, ukujuluka, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Kufanele uye ku-ETU ngokushesha. |
| Omama abakhulelwe nabancelisayo | Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, ukhulelwe, noma uncelisa, qiniseka ukuthi uxoxa ngalo muthi nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa. Isinqumo esingcono kakhulu ukuxoxa ngezingozi nezinzuzo kuwe nakumntwana wakho. |
Ngingayikhetha kanjani imithi efanele mina?
Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Ungase ungawutholi umuthi ofanele ngokushesha. Kufana nokukhetha izicathulo. Ezinye ziqinile kakhulu, ezinye zinkulu kakhulu, futhi kufanele uzame ezimbalwa uze uthole ezifanele.
Udokotela wakho uzoqala akhethe umuthi ngemva kokucabangela izici eziningi, njengohlobo lwezimpawu zakho, ezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo, eminye imithi oyiphuzayo, kanye nokubekezelela kwakho imiphumela emibi.
Uma ungazizwa ungcono ngemva kwamasonto ayi-6-8, noma uma unemiphumela emibi ekhathazayo, ungabi namahloni noma wesabe ukutshela udokotela wakho. Angase akwazi ukulungisa umthamo, engeze omunye umuthi, noma akushintshele komunye umuthi ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuvamile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Imithi yokucindezeleka iyindlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu yokucindezeleka okumaphakathi kuya kokubi kakhulu. Ayiluthi.
- Lo muthi kufanele usetshenziswe kuphela ngokunconywa udokotela. Ungawuthathi ngokunganaki umuthi othathwa umngane wakho noma uwuthenge ekhemisi.
- Kungathatha isikhathi ukuthola umuthi ofanele wena. Ngakho-ke yiba nesineke, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile, futhi unamathele ekwelashweni kwakho.
- Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho. Uma uyeka, kwenze kancane kancane.
- Uma unemicabango yokuzibulala ezigabeni zokuqala zokuqala imithi, ungazami ukuyifihla.Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha noma ushayele ucingo ku-1926. Awuwedwa, usizo luyatholakala.
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