Ukukhulelwa yisikhathi esikhethekile nesinethemba empilweni kamama. Konke esikudlayo nesikuphuzayo phakathi nalesi sikhathi kuya ngqo komntwana osesiswini. Ngakho-ke, wake wazibuza ukuthi umama angamthinta kanjani umntwana wakhe uma ephuza utshwala phakathi nalesi sikhathi? Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ukuthi "ukuphuza kancane kulungile," kodwa ingabe lokho kuyiqiniso? Namuhla sikhuluma nge-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), isimo esibi esingathinta impilo yonke yengane uma iphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Iyini ngempela i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?
Kalula nje, i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) yisimo esingelapheki, esingapheli isikhathi eside esenzeka embungwini lapho umama ephuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kuyiqoqo lezimpawu. Izingane ezinalesi simo zingaba nezinkinga ezinkulu ngokukhula ngokomzimba, ukukhula kobuchopho, kanye nokuziphatha.
Lesi simo singesesigaba esibanzi esibizwa ngokuthi i-Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) , okusho ukuthi kunemiphumela ehlukahlukene engenzeka enganeni ngenxa yokuchayeka otshwaleni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. I-FASD iyona eyingozi kakhulu futhi ebonakala ngokucacile kulezi zimo.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lesi simo singavinjelwa ngokuphelele . Okuwukuphela kwento ongayenza ukugwema ngokuphelele ukuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Akunandaba ukuthi iwayini, ubhiya, noma utshwala, noma yiluphi uhlobo lotshwala lungabangela lo monakalo.
Yiziphi ezinye izimo ezisesigabeni se-FASD?
Nakuba i-FAS iwuhlobo olubi kakhulu lwalesi simo, imiphumela yotshwala ingathinta izingane ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene. Yonke le miphumela iwela ngaphansi kwegama elibanzi elithi ama-FASD. Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi lezo ezinye izimo.
| Igama lesimo (Isimo) | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Partial fetus alcohol syndrome (i-pFAS) | Lezi zingane zingase zibe nezinye zezimpawu ze-FAS (isibonelo, izinguquko ezithile zobuso), kodwa azinazo zonke izimpawu ezidingekayo ukuze kutholakale ukuthi zine-FAS ephelele. |
| Isifo sokukhula kwengqondo esihlobene notshwala (i-ARND) | Banezinguquko ezimbalwa zomzimba, kodwa ukukhula kobuchopho babo kuyathinteka, okuholela ezinkingeni ezifana nokungacabangi kahle, ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, ukwenza izinqumo ezimbi, kanye nokusebenza kabi esikoleni. |
| Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa okuhlobene notshwala (i-ARBD) | Kuthinta kakhulu izitho zomzimba. Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa kungavela enhliziyweni, emehlweni, ohlelweni lwamathambo, ezindlebeni nasezinso. |
| Isifo sengqondo esihambisana nokuchayeka kotshwala ngaphambi kokubeletha (ND-PAE) | Lezi zingane zithola utshwala obuningi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Zinobunzima bokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke (njengokugeza). Zinobunzima bokuxhumana nabantu ngenxa yezinkinga zokuziphatha ezifana nentukuthelo enkulu. Ziphinde zibe nenkinga yokukhumbula kanye namakhono okucabanga. |
Utshwala buyithinta kanjani ingane esibelethweni?
Uma umama ephuza utshwala, utshwala budlulela ngqo enganeni ngentambo yomlomo. Umzimba womntwana awukwazi ukugaya utshwala ngendlela umzimba womuntu omdala owenza ngayo. Ngakho utshwala buhlala emzimbeni womntwana isikhathi eside , njengoshevu. Lokhu kulimaza kakhulu ukukhula okuvamile komntwana, ikakhulukazi ubuchopho kanye nesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi .
Nansi indlela umonakalo owenzeka ngayo:
- Utshwala lungabhubhisa amangqamuzana ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba womntwana, okubangela ukuba izitho zomzimba zingakhuli kahle.
- Utshwala luphinde luphazamise indlela amangqamuzana ezinzwa ebuchosheni akhula ngayo kanye nendlela ahamba ngayo aye ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zobuchopho.
- Utshwala bubangela ukuthi imithambo yegazi inciphe, okunciphisa inani legazi elifinyelela ku-placenta. Lokhu kuncisha ingane umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba ezidingayo.
- Imikhiqizo enobuthi eyakheka lapho imizimba yethu iphula utshwala iqoqana emangqamuzaneni obuchopho bengane bese iwalimaza.
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi utshwala buyingozi kuphela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Lokho kuwumbono ongalungile ngokuphelele. Izitho ezibalulekile njengobuchopho bomntwana ziyakhula phakathi nokukhulelwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuphuza utshwala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuyingozi enganeni.
Kuthiwani uma ngiphuza utshwala ngesikhathi ngihlela ukuba nomntwana?
Uma uzama ukukhulelwa, kungcono ukuyeka utshwala kusukela ekuqaleni. Esikhathini esiningi, awazi ukuthi ukhulelwe kuze kube amasonto angu-4-6 okukhulelwa kwakho. Kodwa lawo masonto ambalwa okuqala ayisikhathi esibalulekile ekukhuleni komntwana wakho. Ukuphuza utshwala phakathi naleso sikhathi ngaphandle kokuqaphela kungalimaza ingane yakho.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-FAS?
Izimpawu ze-FAS zingahluka kuye ngengane. Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nezimpawu ezimbalwa kuphela, kanti ezinye zingase zibe nazo zonke. Lezi zingahlukaniswa ngezinkinga zomzimba nezengqondo/zokuziphatha.
| Uhlobo oluyisici | Izinto okufanele uzibone |
|---|---|
| Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kanye nasebuntwaneni (Izinsana) | |
| Izici zomzimba |
|
| Izici zokuziphatha |
|
| Ukukhula (Ebuntwaneni nasemuva) | |
| Izinkinga zengqondo nokufunda |
|
| Izinkinga zomphakathi nezokuziphatha |
|
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi simo?
I-FAS ngezinye izikhathi ingaba nzima ukuyixilonga ngoba akukho ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuqondile kwayo, futhi akubona bonke omama abazimisele ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile ngokuthi baphuze kangakanani noma baphuze kangakanani ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Kodwa udokotela wezingane angasithola lesi simo ngokubheka izimpawu zengane kanye nomlando wayo. Bazogxila kakhulu kulezi zici:
- Umama wayephuza utshwala ngesikhathi ekhulelwe.
- Izici ezithile zobuso (ikhala eliyisicaba, udebe olungaphezulu oluncane, amehlo amancane).
- Izinkinga zokukhula (ukulahlekelwa ubude nesisindo ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kanye nangesikhathi sokukhula).
- Izinkinga zesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko (izinkinga zokuziphatha nezingokomzwelo ezifana nokusebenza ngokweqile, ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, ukwenza izinqumo ezingalungile).
Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu ze-FAS zingafana nezezinye izimo, njenge- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) noma i-Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) , ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukufuna usizo kudokotela onolwazi ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile.
Uma uphuze utshwala ngesikhathi ukhulelwe, kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho nodokotela wengane yakho ngaphandle kokwesaba noma amahloni. Lokhu kuzosiza ingane yakho ukuthi ithole usizo nokwelashwa ekudingayo ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha i-FAS?
Ngeshwa, i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) ayinakwelashwa ngokuphelele . Yisimo esihlala isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi akukho esingakwenza. Ngokunikeza ingane ukwelashwa nokusekelwa okudingekayo kusukela isencane , umthelela wezimpawu ungancishiswa futhi kuthuthukiswe kakhulu intuthuko namakhono engane.
Izinketho zokwelapha zingafaka:
- Ukunikeza imithi yokulawula ezinye izimpawu, njengezinkinga zokunaka kanye nokuziphatha.
- Ukuhlinzeka ngokwelapha ngokuziphatha kanye nemfundo ngezinkinga ezingokomzwelo nezokufunda.
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokusiza inganeUkunikeza abazali ukuqeqeshwa .
Ukuqeqeshwa kwabazali kusiza imindeni ukuthi ibhekane nezinselele zokuziphatha, zemfundo kanye nezenhlalo ingane yayo engase ibhekane nazo. Ukuba nendawo ezinzile, enothando, nesekelayo ekhaya kungasiza ingane ene-FAS ukuba inqobe izinkinga zengqondo engase ibhekane nazo kamuva ekuphileni.
"Izinto zokuphepha" ezisiza ingane
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi izici ezilandelayo zinganciphisa imiphumela emibi ye-FAS:
- Ukuxilongwa ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-6.
- Ukuba nekhaya elinothando, elisekelayo, nelizinzile ngesikhathi sesikole.
- Ukungabikho kobudlova empilweni yengane.
- Ukuthola ukwesekwa okuvela emfundweni ekhethekile kanye nezinsizakalo zomphakathi.
I-FAS ikuthinta kanjani ukuba umuntu omdala?
I-FAS ayipheli. Umuntu ozelwe nalesi simo kuzodingeka aphile nalezi zimpawu impilo yakhe yonke. Uma engatholi ukwelashwa nokusekelwa okufanele lapho esemncane, angaba nezinkinga ezengeziwe lapho esemdala. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "imiphumela yesibili."
Izibonelo zazo:
- Ukuvela kwezinkinga zempilo yengqondo.
- Ukungena enkingeni esikoleni noma nomthetho.
- Ukulutheka kwezidakamizwa noma utshwala.
- Ubunzima bokuhlala wedwa.
- Ubunzima bokuthola noma ukuhlala emsebenzini.
Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlonza lesi sifo sisencane futhi sinikeze ukwesekwa okudingekayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) yisimo esibi, esihlala isikhathi eside esenzeka enganeni lapho umama ephuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Lesi simo singavinjelwa ngokuphelele . Okuwukuphela kwento okudingeka uyenze ukuyeka utshwala ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nangesikhathi uzama ukukhulelwa.
- Ayikho into ebizwa ngokuthi “isilinganiso esiphephile sotshwala” noma “uhlobo oluphephile lotshwala” ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Iwayini, ubhiya, noma utshwala konke kungaba yingozi.
- Uma ubuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi ukhulelwe, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho ngokukhululekile. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kungasiza ingane yakho ithole usizo eludingayo.
- Nakuba i-FAS ingelapheki, ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kanye nendawo enothando nesekelayo kungasiza ingane ukuba iphile impilo ephumelelayo.
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