Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ukuthi kunezindlela zokwelapha ezintsha nezithuthukisiwe zezifo ezinkulu njengomdlavuza. Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela angase athi, "Kukhona umuthi okhethekile walokhu osebenzisa amasosha omzimba ethu." Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngomuthi owenze intuthuko enkulu kwezokwelapha. Lawa abizwa ngokuthi ama-antibody e-monoclonal. Nakuba igama liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, indaba ilula kakhulu. Ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kuyini.
Ziyini lezi antibodies ze-monoclonal?
Kalula nje, lawa amaprotheni akhethekile enziwa elebhu asebenza ngendlela efanayo nama-antibodies akhiqizwa yimizimba yethu ngokwemvelo.
Manje cabanga ngakho, umzimba wethu ufana nezwe. Kukhona ibutho lokuvikela leli lizwe. Lelo butho liyisimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela . Amagciwane nezinto ezibangela izifo (esizibiza ngokuthi ama-antigen ) ezivela ngaphandle zifana nezitha eziza ezweni lethu. Lawa ma-antibodies angamasosha akhethekile ebuthweni lethu. Umsebenzi wawo ukuthola, ukubamba, nokubhubhisa lezi zitha.
Ngezinye izikhathi, noma izinto ezifana namangqamuzana omdlavuza zikhula emizimbeni yethu, amasosha ethu omzimba awakwazi ukuzibona. Yilapho-ke sifuna khona usizo lwangaphandle.
Ama-antibodies e-monoclonal , uma sikubeka kalula, afana namasosha aqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile, ahlakaniphe kakhulu, aqoqwe elebhu. Igama elithi "Mono" lisho "eyodwa." Igama elithi "Clonal" lisho "ikhophi." Okusho ukuthi, kukhethwa i-antibody eyodwa ehlakaniphe kakhulu bese kwenziwa izigidi zamakhophi ayo aqondile elebhu. Leli butho lama-antibodies libe selifakwa emizimbeni yethu njengomuthi. Aya ngqo kumaseli abangela lesi sifo (isib. amangqamuzana omdlavuza), anamathele kuwo, futhi asize amasosha ethu omzimba ukuba awabhubhise.
Uma igama lalolu hlobo lomuthi owunikezwayo linezinhlamvu ezintathu ezithi "mab" ekugcineni (isib. iTrastuzumab, iRituximab), kusho ukuthi iyi-Antibody ye-Monoclonal.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-monoclonal ne-polyclonal?
Lokhu futhi kulula kakhulu.
- I-Monoclonal: Lokhu kufana ne-sniper. Kukhona i-target eyodwa kuphela. Lawa ma-antibodies aklanyelwe ukunamathela ku -antigen eyodwa kuphela. Ngakho-ke, aqondile kakhulu futhi ngeke aphuthelwe i-target.
- I-Polyclonal: Igama elithi "Poly" lisho "eziningi." Lezi ziyiqoqo lama-antibodies ahlukene. Njengebutho elinezikhali ezahlukene, zingahlasela izinhlobo eziningana zama-antigen .
Ama-antibodies e-monoclonal avame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni ngoba ahloselwe ngqo.
Zisetshenziselwani lezi zinto?
Le ndlela yokwelapha manje isetshenziswa ezintweni eziningi. Kusukela ocwaningweni kuya ekwelapheni izifo.
| Insimu yokusetshenziswa | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuxilongwa | Isetshenziswa emalabhorethri ukuhlonza into ethile. Isibonelo, ikhithi yokuhlola ukukhulelwa oyisebenzisayo ekhaya nayo isebenza nalolu buchwepheshe. |
| Ukuhlukaniswa kwezicubu kanye negazi | Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuthi izicubu zomnikeli kanye nomemukeli ziyahambisana yini ngesikhathi sokufakelwa isitho. |
| Ukwelapha izifo | Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo eziningi, njengomdlavuza kanye nesifo samathambo. |
Yiziphi izifo eziphathwa ngama-antibody e-monoclonal?
Le ndlela yokwelapha manje isetshenziswa ngempumelelo ezifweni eziningana. Ezinye zazo zifaka:
- Umdlavuza: Ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza njengomdlavuza webele, umdlavuza wamathumbu amakhulu, kanye nomdlavuza wegazi.
- Ukuvimbela ukwenqatshwa kokufakelwa isitho: Vimbela umzimba ekwenqabeni isitho esifakwe esitshalweni (njengezinso, isibindi).
- Izifo ezithinta amasosha omzimba: Zezifo lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela khona amangqamuzana awo, njenge-rheumatoid arthritis kanye nesifo sikaCrohn.
- Ukungezwani komzimba: Kwesifo sofuba esibi kanye nezinye izifo zokungezwani komzimba.
- Ukutheleleka: Kuye kwasetshenziswa futhi ekwelapheni ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, njenge-COVID-19.
- I-Osteoporosis
- Izimo zamehlo
- I-Migraines
- I-cholesterol ephezulu
Ukwelashwa kunikezwa kanjani?
Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukunikezwa njengoketshezi olufana nosawoti olufakwa emthanjeni (ngokufakwa nge-intravenous noma nge-IV). Lokhu kuvame ukunikezwa eyunithi ekhethekile (isikhungo sokufakwa) esibhedlela noma emtholampilo. Abanye abantu abaningana bangase bathole ukwelashwa lapho ngesikhathi esifanayo nawe okwelashwa ngaso.
Uma lokhu kungokokuqala uthola lokhu kwelashwa, udokotela wakho angakucela ukuthi ulethe ilungu lomndeni ukuze lifunde ngokwelashwa nokuthi yini okufanele uyilindele ngemva kwalokho. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokuqala, abasebenzi bezokwelapha bazokuqapha ngokucophelela ukuze babone ukuthi unezinkinga ezinkulu zokungezwani komzimba .
Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi amanye ama-antibodies e-monoclonal nawo anikezwe njengomjovo ongaphansi kwesikhumba. Uma kunjalo, uzofundiswa ukuthi ungawunikeza kanjani umuthi wokugoma.
Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zalolu hlobo lokwelashwa?
Yebo, la masosha "aqoqiwe" angenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ama-Antibodies e-Naked Monoclonal | La masosha asebenza wodwa. Aya ngqo esitokisini sesitha futhi anikeze isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ukuba siwubhubhise. |
| Ama-Antibodies e-Monoclonal ahlanganisiwe | La masosha awahambi wodwa. Aphethe "ibhomu." Okusho ukuthi, inhlayiya enemisebe noma umuthi wokulwa nomdlavuza unamathele kule antibody. Isosha liya ngqo esitokisini sesitha bese liqhumisa leli bhomu. Khona-ke umonakalo uba seselini lesitha kuphela. |
| Ama-Antibodies e-Bispecific Monoclonal | Lawa ngamasosha anekhono kakhulu. Kufana nokuthi anezandla ezimbili. Uma ubamba iseli lesitha ngesandla esisodwa, ubamba iseli elivela ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba ngesinye isandla bese uthi, "Nasi isitha, hlasela." Axhumana ngqo. |
Yiziphi izinzuzo zale ndlela yokwelapha?
- Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe: Lena inzuzo enkulu kunazo zonke. Ngokungafani nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okuvamile, lokhu kwelashwa kubangela umonakalo omncane kakhulu kumaseli aphilile. Ngenxa yokuthi kuhlasela isisulu kuphela, kunemiphumela emibi embalwa.
- Izinga lempumelelo ephezulu: Le ndlela yokwelapha iveze imiphumela ephumelela kakhulu ezifweni ezifana nezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza.
- Ikhwalithi: Ngenxa yokuthi yenziwe elabhorethri, yonke imithi ekhiqizwayo isezingeni elifanayo.
- Ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi: Lokhu manje sekungenziwa ngobuningi.
Ingabe kukhona izingozi noma izinkinga ngalokhu kwelashwa?
Njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa, kunezingozi ezithile ezihilelekile. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, udokotela wakho uzokuchazela konke.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa abasebenzi bezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile ngesikhathi noma ngemva kwalokhu kwelashwa.
Izinkinga ezivamile zifaka:
- Ukusabela kokumuncwa: Lokhu kungenzeka ngesikhathi noma ngemva nje kokufakwa komuthi emthanjeni. Lokhu ngokuvamile akukubi kangako.
- Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba
- Imfiva
- Ukuthuthumela ngenxa yokubanda
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula
- Ukujuluka
- Izinguquko zomfutho wegazi
- Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo
Uma kwenzeka into efana nale, ingalawulwa ngokunciphisa izinga lokunikezwa kwemithi noma ukuyiyeka isikhashana.
- Ukusabela okunzima kakhulu (kodwa okungavamile ukubonwa):
- I-Acute Anaphylaxis: Lokhu kuyisimo esibi kakhulu sokungezwani komzimba esenzeka ngokuzumayo futhi esingasongela ukuphila. Yingakho kudingeka ukuqapha ngokucophelela lapho unikeza ukwelashwa okokuqala.
- I-Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS): Lesi yisimo lapho amasosha omzimba eba matasa kakhulu futhi abangele "isiphepho." Lokhu kungalimaza izitho zomzimba.
- Ukugula kwe-serum: Yilapho umzimba wethu uqala ukuhlasela iphrotheni (i-antibody) eyanikezwa njengokwelashwa.
Ezinye izingozi zingase zibe ngqo kulesi sifo eselashwayo. Isibonelo, i-tumor lysis syndrome ekwelapheni umdlavuza.Lokhu kungaholela esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi "umfutho wegazi ophakeme." Lokhu kusho ukuthi lapho amangqamuzana omdlavuza ebhujiswa ngokushesha, izinso azikwazi ukusingatha imfucuza eziyikhiqizayo.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngemva kokwelashwa?
Isikhathi esithathwayo ukuze umuthi unikezwe ngemithambo yegazi singahluka. Isibonelo, kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-COVID-19, umuthi wanikezwa cishe ihora, ulandelwe cishe ihora lokubheka.
Yingakho kufanele uze nelungu lomndeni ngosuku lokuqala. Uma kungekho miphumela emibi, ungeza wedwa ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okulandelayo. Uma ungakhathele ngemva kokwelashwa, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ungaqhubeka yini nemisebenzi yakho evamile (umsebenzi, isikole). Kuya ngesimo sakho kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Ingabe kufanele ngikhulume nodokotela ngalokhu?
Yebo impela.
- Uma usuvele uthola ukwelashwa kwe-monoclonal antibody futhi uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile (njengokusabela esixoxe ngakho ekuqaleni), shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU).
- Uma unesifo esiye sabonakala njengenketho yokwelashwa okungenzeka, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi ngabe lokhu kwelashwa kwe-antibody ye-monoclonal kulungile yini kuwe. Uzohlola isimo sakho, achaze izinzuzo nezingozi, futhi achaze ukuthi kulungile yini kuwe.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-antibodies e-monoclonal ayindlela yokwelapha ekhethekile esebenzisa amakhophi ama-antibodies ethu, enziwe elabhorethri.
- Lezi "zindlela zokwelapha eziqondiwe" ngakho-ke kunomonakalo omncane kumaseli anempilo.
- Lezi manje zisetshenziswa ngempumelelo ekwelapheni izifo eziningi ezimbi, njengomdlavuza, isifo samathambo kanye nokungezwani komzimba.
- Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukunikezwa njengesixazululo sikasawoti emthanjeni. Kungase kube nokusabela okuthile ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubika noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile kudokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Udokotela wakho kuphela onganquma ukuthi lokhu kwelashwa kukufanele yini, ngakho xoxa naye ngakho konke.
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