Uma sikhuluma ngokwelashwa okunikezwa umuntu olwa nomdlavuza, igama elilodwa elifika engqondweni ngokushesha lithi "i-Chemotherapy." Kodwa ubuwazi ukuthi ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi yezokwelapha, manje sekunezindlela ezintsha ezingahlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuphela futhi ziwaphathe ngenkathi zinciphisa umonakalo kumaseli anempilo? Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngenye indlela yokwelapha eqondile kakhulu, ethuthukisiwe kakhulu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "i-Targeted Therapy."
Kalula nje, kuyini i-Targeted Therapy?
Cabanga nje ukuthi indlu yakho inokhula oluningi. Manje unezindlela ezimbili zokususa lolukhula. Enye indlela iwukufafaza yonke ingadi ngomuthi wokubulala ukhula. Lokhu kuzobulala ukhula, kodwa futhi kungalimaza izimbali nemifino emihle oyitshalile ngenjabulo. Yileyo ndlela i-chemotherapy yendabuko evame ukusebenza ngayo. Ibulala amangqamuzana ahlukana ngokushesha, okuhlanganisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza, kanye namangqamuzana anempilo emzimbeni wethu (isibonelo, amangqamuzana ezinwele, amangqamuzana aphulukisa amanxeba emlonyeni).
Manje enye indlela iwukuhlonza ukhula ngalunye ngesandla bese ufaka ukhula kuphela kulo. Khona-ke izimbali ezinhle ngeke zilimale. Ngokufanayo, i-Targeted Therapy iyindlela yokwelapha ehlonza isici esithile samaseli omdlavuza futhi ihlose leso sici. Ngenxa yalokhu, umonakalo kumaseli aphilile mncane kakhulu. Ukubeka kahle, lokhu kufana nokuvula ukhiye othize kuphela ngokhiye othize. Yingakho le ndlela yokwelapha ibizwa nangokuthi "i-Precision Medicine". Lokho kusho ukuthi iyindlela yokwelapha enembile kakhulu, eqondiswe ngqo.
Kusebenza kanjani ngempela lokhu kwelashwa?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, sidinga kuqala ukuqonda okuncane ngendlela umdlavuza okhula ngayo. Wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu anento ebizwa ngokuthi ama-gene. Lokhu kufana nencwadi yemiyalelo etshela iseli ukuthi lisebenze kanjani. Ngezinye izikhathi, izinguquko zofuzo zenzeka kule ncwadi yemiyalelo, okungukuthi, kuma-gene. Bese iseli eliphilile liqala ukuphenduka iseli lomdlavuza. Lokho kusho ukuthi iseli liqala ukuhlukana ngokungalawuleki.
Nakhu okwenziwa odokotela be-oncologists ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okuqondiwe:
1. Okokuqala, ushintsho lwezakhi zofuzo olubangele umdlavuza luyatholakala: Amaseli akho omdlavuza ayahlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi yikuphi ngempela ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okubangele umdlavuza. Akuwona wonke umdlavuza onalezi zinguquko ezingahlolwa, kodwa izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza zinazo.
2. Khetha okuqondiwe:Okulandelayo, iphrotheni ethile noma inqubo ekhiqizwa ngaphakathi kweseli lomdlavuza ngenxa yalolo shintsho lwezakhi zofuzo ikhethwa njengesisulu. Lesi sisulu ngokuvamile asitholakali kumaseli anempilo, noma sikhona ngamanani amancane kakhulu.
3. Ukuletha umuthi ofanele: Umuthi okhethekile uklanyelwe ukubopha nokuvimba umuntu okhethiwe. Uma lo muthi ungena emzimbeni, uya ngqo kumuntu ohlosiwe kumaseli omdlavuza.
Lokhu kuhlasela kubhubhisa iseli lomdlavuza noma kuvimbele isignali etshela iseli lomdlavuza ukuthi lihlukane futhi likhule. Ngenxa yalokho, umdlavuza uyayeka ukukhula bese uqala ukuncipha kancane kancane.
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zokwelapha okuqondiwe?
Yebo, lokhu kwelashwa kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe endleleni okusebenza ngayo. Lawa magama angase azwakale engajwayelekile kuwe, kodwa kuhle ukwazi okuncane.
- Imithi yama-molecule amancane: Lawa ama-molecule amancane kakhulu. Ngakho angangena ngqo engqamuzaneni lomdlavuza futhi ahlasele izisulu ezingaphakathi. Lawa avame ukuthathwa njengamaphilisi.
- Ukwelashwa Kwamasosha omzimba: Lokhu kuhilela ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba ethu ukuze aqaphele futhi abhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngaphansi kwalokhu, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe ezifana `(ama-antibodies e-Monoclonal)`, `(ama-antibodies e-Bispecific)` kanye `(ukwelashwa ngamaseli e-CAR T)`.
- Ama-antibody-drug conjugates: Lona umuthi oklanywe ngobuhlakani kakhulu. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi umuthi wokulwa nomdlavuza (njengomuthi we-chemo) unamathiselwa ku-antibody efuna amangqamuzana omdlavuza bese uthunyelwa emzimbeni. Lapho lowo muthi uthola iseli lomdlavuza eliqondile bese unamathela kulo, umuthi ungena ngqo kuseli lomdlavuza bese ulibhubhisa. Kufana nokuletha iphakheji ekhelini elifanele.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza lokhu kwelashwa okuvame ukusetshenziswa kuzo?
Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe kuyindlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo esetshenziswa njengamanje ezinhlotsheni eziningi zomdlavuza. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ikakhulukazi kumdlavuza webele, umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kanye nomdlavuza wendlala. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa nalokhu kwelashwa kunikezwa nakwezinye izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza.
| Uhlelo oluhambisana nohlobo lomdlavuza | Izibonelo |
|---|---|
| Umdlavuza ohlobene negazi | I-Multiple Myeloma, i-Acute Leukemia, i-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma |
| Umdlavuza wamathambo nezicubu ezithambile | Amanye ama-sarcoma ezicubu ezithambile |
| Umdlavuza wesistimu yokugaya ukudla | Umdlavuza we-Colorectal, umdlavuza we-Esophageal |
| Umdlavuza wesistimu yokuzala yabesifazane | Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, umdlavuza we-endometrial |
| Umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo | Umdlavuza we-Laryngeal, umdlavuza we-nasopharyngeal |
| Umdlavuza wesikhumba | I-Melanoma, i-Squamous cell carcinoma |
| Umdlavuza we-thyroid | Umdlavuza we-thyroid we-Anaplastic, umdlavuza we-thyroid we-Medullary |
| Umdlavuza wohlelo lomchamo | Umdlavuza wesinye, Umdlavuza wezinso |
Ingabe lokhu kwelashwa kufanele wonke umuntu?
Lona umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe akufaneleki kubo bonke abaguli abanomdlavuza. Ngoba, ukuze lokhu kwelashwa kusebenze, "inhloso" esikhulume ngayo ngaphambilini kumele ibe khona emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kufaneleke kuphela kuwe uma kukhona ushintsho oluthile lwezakhi zofuzo noma iphrotheni ohlotsheni lwakho lomdlavuza olungaqondiswa umuthi. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza izivivinyo ezidingekayo futhi anqume ukuthi lokhu kwelashwa kufaneleke yini kumdlavuza wakho noma cha.
Indlela yokwelashwa enikezwa ngayo nokuthi yini ongayilindela
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 zemithi yokwelapha eqondiwe, ngakho-ke indlela enikezwa ngayo ingahluka.
- Njengephilisi: Imithi eminingi iyatholakala njengamaphilisi agwinywayo.
- Njengomjovo (umjovo): Eminye imithi inikezwa njengomjovo ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
- Nge -saline (IV): Eminye imithi ifakwa emzimbeni ngesisombululo se-saline esifakwa emthanjeni.
Uhlelo lokwelashwa luyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi umuthi owunikezwayo uyini. Kungase kudingeke uwuthathe nsuku zonke, masonto onke, noma nyanga zonke. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ziyaqhubeka, kanti ezinye zinesikhathi esithile.
Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho, udokotela wakho uzokubheka njalo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, angenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ama-X-ray, kanye nama-CT scan ukuze abone ukuthi uqhuba kanjani nokuthi ukwelashwa kuyasebenza yini. Udokotela uzokubuza nanganoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa futhi akunike noma yisiphi iseluleko kanye nokwelashwa okudingekayo.
Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona?
Nakuba ukwelashwa okuqondiwe kungavamile ukulimaza amangqamuzana anempilo, kusengadala imiphumela emibi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuvame ukuhluka emiphumeleni emibi ye-chemotherapy. Imiphumela emibi oyitholayo incike emthini owunikezwayo kanye nohlobo lomzimba wakho.
| Imiphumela emibi evamile |
|---|
| Uhudo |
| Isikhumba esomile noma ukuqubuka |
| Ama-enzyme esibindi aphezulu - Lokhu kungatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi. |
| Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension) |
| Ukupholisa amanxeba okulibaziseka |
| Ukopha esiswini noma emathunjini (igazi esitulweni noma esitulweni esimnyama) |
| Amahlule egazi |
| Izimo zenhliziyo (isb., i-arrhythmia) |
| Ukushintsha kombala wezinwele |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukutshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi, noma ngabe mincane. Uma into inzima kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelekile, ungesabi ukukhuluma ngayo. Ithimba lezokwelapha lizokusiza ukuthola imithi efanele noma olunye ukwelashwa.
Ingabe Ukwelashwa Okuqondiwe Noma Ukwelashwa Nge-Chemotherapy Kungcono?
Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abanawo. Akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi omunye "ungcono" kunomunye. Kuya ngesiguli, uhlobo lomdlavuza, nezinye izinto eziningi.
- Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe: Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe kunembe kakhulu ngoba kuhlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuphela, okubangela umonakalo omncane kumaseli anempilo.
- Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo: Kodwa-ke, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ukwelashwa okuqondiwe akufanele wonke umuntu. Kumuntu ongenalo "umgomo" ofanele, i-chemotherapy isayindlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo.
- Ukwelashwa Okuhlanganisiwe: Kwezinye izimo, ukunikeza kokubili ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe kanye ne-chemotherapy ndawonye kungaletha imiphumela engcono kunokunikeza kokubili okukodwa.
Ekugcineni, udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okukulungele. Uzobuyekeza wonke amarekhodi akho ezokwelapha kanye nohlobo lomdlavuza wakho bese ekuchazela izinketho ezingcono kakhulu ongazisebenzisa.
Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe kuyindlela entsha yokwelapha umdlavuza. Njengoba ososayensi beqhubeka nokwembula izimfihlo zofuzo zamaseli omdlavuza, kuthuthukiswa ukwelashwa okunembe kakhulu nokusebenzayo nsuku zonke. Ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi mayelana nalokhu kwelashwa. Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho ngakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Targeted Therapy iyindlela yokwelapha umdlavuza ethuthukisiwe ehlasela kuphela izisulu ezithile kumaseli omdlavuza, inciphisa umonakalo kumaseli anempilo.
- Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza ngokugxila ekuguqulweni kwezakhi zofuzo okubangela ukuba amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhule futhi ahlukane.
- Imiphumela emibi ingase ihluke kumakhemikhali, futhi ingase ihlanganise izinkinga zesikhumba, isifo sohudo, kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
- Lokhu kwelashwa akufaneleki kubo bonke abaguli abanomdlavuza. Kuncike ezicini zofuzo zomdlavuza wakho.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho we-oncologist ngazo zonke izindlela zokwelapha ongazisebenzisa, izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwazo.
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