Sonke sizama ukunciphisa inani likasawoti esilifaka ekudleni kwethu. Ngoba siyazi ukuthi ukudla usawoti omningi akukuhle emzimbeni. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi inani elithile likasawoti (i-sodium) libalulekile ukuze imizimba yethu isebenze kahle? Uma leli zinga le-sodium lehla ngaphezu kwenani elidingekayo, lingabangela nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene emizimbeni yethu. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-hyponatremia kwezokwelapha.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-hyponatremia?
Kulungile, ake sikubeke ngale ndlela. Igazi lethu lidinga inani elithile le-sodium ukuze lilawule inani lamanzi ngaphakathi naseduze kwamaseli ethu. Lokhu kudinga ukulinganisela okuphelele.
Cabanga ukuthi ngesizathu esithile inani le-sodium egazini lakho liyancipha. Okwenzekayo ukuthi inani lamanzi emzimbeni wakho liyanda ngokulinganisela, futhi amangqamuzana omzimba wakho aqala ukuvuvukala. Lokhu kuvuvukala kungenzeka emangqamuzaneni noma kuphi emzimbeni. Kodwa kuyingozi kakhulu uma kuthinta amangqamuzana obuchopho . Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungaqala ngezimpawu ezincane futhi kuqhubekele ezimweni ezimbi ezingaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila.
Ngokuvamile, izinga le-sodium egazini lomuntu ophilile kufanele libe phakathi kwama-milliequivalents angu-135 no-145 ngelitha (mEq/L). Uma leli nani liwela ngaphansi kuka-135 mEq/L, silibheka njengesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hyponatremia. Udokotela wakho angakutshela kahle ukuthi leli zinga liyini ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okulula.
Ukwelashwa kwalesi simo kungadinga usizo lochwepheshe abahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, kungase kuhileleke udokotela wezinzwa, udokotela wezifo zabesifazane, noma udokotela wezifo zabesifazane abagugile.
Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo ze-hyponatremia?
Yebo, lesi simo singahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko kuye ngokuthi senzeka kanjani. Nakuba lawa ngamagama ezokwelapha, ake sizame ukuwaqonda kalula.
| Uhlobo lwe-Hyponatremia | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Euvolemic Hyponatremia | Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi yize izinga le-sodium emzimbeni lijwayelekile, inani lamanzi liyakhuphuka. Lokho kusho ukuthi umzimba ugcina amanzi amaningi kakhulu. |
| I-Hypovolemic Hyponatremia | Kulokhu, kokubili i-sodium namanzi kuyalahleka emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, kulahleka amanzi amaningi kune-sodium. (Isibonelo: uhudo, ukuhlanza) |
| I-Hyponatremia ye-Hypervolemic | Kulokhu, amazinga e-sodium namanzi emzimbeni ayanda. Kodwa-ke, amazinga amanzi anda kakhulu kune-sodium. |
| I-Hyponatremia Encishisiwe | Lokhu kwenzeka uma uphuza amanzi amaningi kakhulu ngesikhathi esifushane ngaphandle kwama-electrolyte adingekayo. Lokhu kunciphisa i-sodium egazini lakho. |
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?
Uma amazinga akho e-sodium engekho phansi kakhulu, ungase ungabi nazimpawu. Ngokuvamile, izimpawu zivela lapho amazinga e-sodium ehla ngokuzumayo.
Ezimweni ezivamile nezimbi kakhulu, izimpawu ezinjengalezi zingabonakala:
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- Ukukhathala ngokweqile noma ukuzizwa ukhathele ngaphandle kwesizathu
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu
- Ukudideka kwenkumbulo nokucabanga
- Ubuhlungu bemisipha, ukuqina, noma ukudikiza
- Ukuzizwa ungahlaliseki, ucasukile
- Ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma usengozini yalesi simo (isib. uma uthatha imithi ethile). Uma izimpawu zinzima, isibonelo, ukuhlanza okukhulu, ukudideka, noma ukuxhuzula, kufanele uye emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze (ETU) ngokushesha.
Kungani i-sodium incipha kanje? Yiziphi izizathu?
Kunezizathu eziningi ezingathinta lokhu. Ake sibheke ezinye zezizathu eziyinhloko.
- Imithi ethile: Ama-diuretics, ikakhulukazi lawo abizwa ngokuthi “amaphilisi amanzi,” amanye ama-antidepressant, kanye nama-painkiller angabangela ukuthi uchame futhi ujuluke kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi amazinga akho e-sodium ehle.
- Izinkinga zempilo: Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, isifo sezinso noma sesibindi kungathinta indlela umzimba olawula ngayo uketshezi, okungathinta amazinga e-sodium. Futhi, uhudo olubi noluqhubekayo noma ukuhlanza kungabangela ukulahleka kwe-sodium noketshezi emzimbeni.
- Ukungalingani Kwama-Hormonal: Kukhona ama-hormone asiza ukulawula amazinga e-sodium emzimbeni wethu. Esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone), umzimba ugcina amanzi amaningi. Futhi, ezimweni ezifana nesifo sika-Addison, ama-hormone alawula ibhalansi kasawoti ayathinteka. Amazinga aphansi ama-hormone e-thyroid nawo angaba yimbangela.
- Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi: Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kunganciphisa i-sodium egazini lakho. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubasubathi abagijima amabanga amade, njengama-marathon, ngoba bajuluka kakhulu i-sodium njengoba bephuza amanzi amaningi.
- Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile: Utshwala buyindlela yemvelo yokukhipha umchamo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma uphuza utshwala, ukhuphula umchamo wakho futhi ususa i-sodium emzimbeni wakho.
- Izidakamizwa: Izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni njenge-ecstasy/molly (MDMA) kubikwe ukuthi zibangela i-hyponatremia enzima.
- Ukusha okukhulu: Ukusha okukhulu endaweni enkulu yomzimba kungaphazamisa ibhalansi yoketshezi nosawoti.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yalesi simo?
Ngaphezu kwezizathu ezishiwo ngenhla, abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo.
- Ubudala: Ingozi yokuthola lesi simo iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abantu asebekhulile banamathuba amaningi okuthola izifo ezingamahlalakhona. Imithi abayithathayo nayo ingathinta lokhu.
- Izimo zezokwelapha ezazikhona ngaphambili: Abantu abanezifo ezifana nesifo sezinso, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sokuqina kwesibindi, i-SIADH, kanye nesifo sikashukela i-insipidus basengozini enkulu.
- Ukuzivocavoca umzimba okunamandla: Abantu abaphuza amanzi amaningi ngenkathi bevivinya umzimba kanzima, njengokugijima i-marathon, basengozini.
- Isimo Sezulu: Esimweni sezulu esishisayo kakhulu, amazinga e-sodium angathinteka ngenxa yokujuluka okukhulu.
Udokotela ukuthola kanjani lokhu?
Njengoba kunzima ukuqinisekisa lokhu ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zodwa, udokotela wakho uzoyala ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo .
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-sodium: Lokhu kuyingxenye yephaneli ejwayelekile ethi "Basic metabolic panel." Ilinganisa ukugcwala kwe-sodium egazini.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-osmolality yegazi: Lokhu kulinganisa inani lezinhlayiya ezincibilikisiwe egazini futhi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukungalingani kukasawoti.
- I-osmolality yomchamo: Ilinganisa ukugcwala kwamakhemikhali emchameni.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-sodium yomchamo: Ngokulinganisa inani le-sodium emchameni, kungatholakala ukuthi imbangela yalesi simo iyinto ehlukile yini ezinso.
Udokotela uzofinyelela ekuxilongweni okunembile ngokucabangela izimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wezokwelapha kanye nale miphumela yokuhlolwa.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Ngenxa yokuthi kunezimbangela eziningi, ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni yini ebangele isimo sakho nokuthi sibi kangakanani.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungazami ukuzelapha wena ngokwakho ekhaya. Ukulinganisa amazinga e-sodium namanzi kuyinqubo ebucayi necophelelayo. Kungaba yingozi nakakhulu uma kwenziwa ngendlela engafanele.
- Uma lesi simo sibangelwa umuthi owuthathayo, udokotela wakho angase akwazi ukushintsha umuthi noma anciphise umthamo.
- Uma kungenxa yesinye isimo sezokwelapha , into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwelapha leso simo ngendlela efanele.
- Uma isimo sakho siphuthumayo futhi sibi kakhulu , kungadingeka ukuthi ulaliswe esibhedlela ukuze uthole ukwelashwa. Lapha:
- Ukunikeza i-saline (isisombululo se-sodium esine-IV) ukuze kwandiswe kancane kancane amazinga e-sodium.
- Ukunikeza imithi yokulawula izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bekhanda, isicanucanu, kanye nokuxhuzula.
Ingabe lokhu kungaba yingozi? Yiziphi izinkinga?
Yebo. I-acute hyponatremia, lapho amazinga e-sodium ehla khona ngokushesha, ingaba yingozi kakhulu ngoba ibangela amangqamuzana obuchopho ukuba avuvuke ngokushesha. Yingakho,
- Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho okusheshayo
- Ukuquleka
- I-Coma
- Futhi ngisho nokufa kungenzeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo luthole ukuthi i-hyponatremia yesikhathi eside ingandisa ingozi ye-osteoporosis kanye nokuqhekeka kwamathambo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Hyponatremia izinga eliphansi le-sodium (usawoti) egazini. Lokhu kungaba yingozi ngezinye izikhathi.
- Izimbangela ziyahlukahluka; eminye imithi, inhliziyo, izinso, isifo sesibindi, izinkinga zamahomoni, kanye nokuphuza amanzi amaningi nakho kungabangela lokhu.
- Qaphela izimpawu ezifana nesicanucanu, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukukhathala, kanye nokungahlaliseki. Uma unezimpawu ezinzima (ukudideka, ukuxhuzula), iya esibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
- Ungalokothi uphathe lokhu wena. Xhumana nodokotela wakho njalo.
- Ukuphuza amanzi kubalulekile, kodwa ibhalansi ibalulekile. Phuza amanzi uma uzizwa womile. Uma umchamo wakho uphuzi kancane, cishe uthola amanzi anele.
- Uma uvivinya umzimba kanzima, buza udokotela wakho ngeziphuzo zemidlalo eziqukethe i-sodium.
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