Wake wazibuza ukuthi umbala wesikhumba sakho, umbala wezinwele, nombala wamehlo kunqunywa kanjani? Abanye abantu banesikhumba esimnyama, abanye banesikhumba esikhanyayo. Abanye banezinwele ezimnyama kakhulu, kanti abanye banezinwele ezinsundu. Yini ebangela lokhu kwehluka kwemibala? Okuyinhloko okubangela konke lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-melanin." Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngale nto emangalisayo emizimbeni yethu ebizwa ngokuthi i-melanin.
Iyini ngempela i-melanin?
Kalula nje, i-melanin iyi-pigment eyenzeka ngokwemvelo emizimbeni yethu. Yinto enikeza umbala esikhumbeni sethu, ezinweleni nasemehlweni ethu. Ikhiqizwa uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli emizimbeni yethu olubizwa ngokuthi "ama-melanocyte." Okumangalisayo ukuthi sonke sinenani elifanayo lamaseli e-melanocyte emizimbeni yethu. Kodwa-ke, inani le-melanin elikhiqizwa yilawo maseli liyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu.
- Uma ukhiqiza i-melanin encane kakhulu: Isikhumba sakho, izinwele, namehlo kungase kube lula kakhulu.
- Uma ukhiqiza i-melanin eningi kakhulu: Isikhumba sakho, izinwele, namehlo kuzoba mnyama.
Izakhi zofuzo zakho zithinta nokuthi umzimba wakho ukhiqiza i-melanin engakanani. Yingakho umbala wesikhumba sakho cishe unqunywa umbala wesikhumba sikamama wakho nokababa wakho.
Ngakho-ke ikuphi le melanin emizimbeni yethu?
Amaseli akhiqiza i-melanin angatholakala ezindaweni eziningana emzimbeni wethu.
- Engqimbeni ejulile yesikhumba sethu
- Ezingxenyeni zeso njenge- pupil ne-iris
- Ezinweleni zethu
- Kwezinye izingxenye zendlebe yangaphakathi
- Kwezinye izindawo zobuchopho kanye nezindlala ze-adrenal
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-melanin?
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-melanin emizimbeni yethu. Uma usuwazi kancane ngalezi zinto, uzoqonda imfihlo yemibala yethu.
| Uhlobo lwe-Melanin | Incazelo kanye nomsebenzi |
|---|
| I-Eumelanin | Yilokhu okunikeza isikhumba sethu, izinwele, namehlo imibala yazo emnyama . Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalokhu, onsundu nomnyama. Uma izinwele zakho zimnyama, ziwumphumela wengxube ye - eumelanin emnyama nensundu.Izinwele ezinsundu zikhiqizwa inani elincane le-eumelanin ensundu kanye nokungabikho kwe-eumelanin emnyama. Lolu hlobo lusiza kakhulu ekuvikeleni isikhumba elangeni. |
| I-Pheomelanin | Lolu hlobo lunikeza umbala ezingxenyeni zomzimba wethu ezipinki , njengezindebe nezingono. Uke wababona abantu abanezinwele ezibomvu? Banamanani alinganayo e-pheomelanin ne-eumelanin. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo aluvikeli isikhumba elangeni kanye ne-eumelanin. |
| I-Neuromelanin | Lokhu akunandaba nokubukeka kwethu. Kulawula umbala wama-neurons ebuchosheni bethu. |
Izinzuzo ze-melanin emzimbeni wethu
I-Melanin ayiyona nje i-pigment. Isebenza njengesivikelo somzimba wethu.
- Ukuvikelwa emisebeni ye-UV : I-Melanin isiza ekuvikeleni isikhumba sethu emisebeni ye-ultraviolet eyingozi (i-UVA, i-UVB, i-UVC) evela elangeni elinamandla njengasezweni lakithi. I-Melanin imunca le misebe bese iyihlakaza engxenyeni engenhla yesikhumba. Ngemuva kwalokho, leyo misebe ayibe isangena ijule esikhumbeni futhi ibangele umonakalo.
- Ukuvikelwa Ezinhlotsheni Ze-Reactive Oxygen (ROS): Lezi yizinhlayiya eziyingozi ezikhiqizwa ngesikhathi sezinqubo ezijwayelekile zamaseli ethu. Uma lezi ziqoqana emzimbeni, zingabangela izifo ezifana nokuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukucindezeleka , isifo sikashukela kanye nomdlavuza. I-Melanin ifuna lezi zinhlayiya eziyingozi bese izibhubhisa ngaphambi kokuba zibangele umonakalo.
Ingabe abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama nabo bayayidinga i-sunscreen?
Lokhu kuyiphutha elikhulu phakathi kwabantu abaningi.
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi uma unesikhumba esimnyama, awudingi isithako sokuvikela ilanga ukuze uzivikele elangeni ngoba une-melanin eningi. Kodwa lowo ngumbono ongalungile nhlobo.
Iqiniso liwukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikhumba sakho simnyama kangakanani, isivikelo esiphezulu selanga esinikezwa yi-melanin yakho simayelana ne-SPF 13. Kodwa odokotela besikhumba batusa ukuthi sonke sisebenzise isivikelo selanga okungenani esine-SPF 15. Okunye okungalungile ukuthi abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama abatholi umdlavuza wesikhumba. Lokho nakho akulungile. Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi nakuba abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama benamathuba amancane okuthola umdlavuza wesikhumba kunabantu abanesikhumba esimhlophe, lesi sifo sivame ukuba sibi kakhulu uma sitholakala. Futhi, umdlavuza wesikhumba kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama uvame ukuvela ezindaweni ezingavezwanga elangeni, njengezintende zezandla zakho kanye nezinyawo zakho. Ngakho-ke,
kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umbala wesikhumba sakho unjani, kubalulekile ukugqoka isivikelo selanga nsuku zonke futhi uhlolwe isikhumba sakho ngudokotela wesikhumba okungenani kanye ngonyaka. Ikakhulukazi uma ubona noma yimaphi amabala amasha, amaqhubu, noma izinguquko esikhumbeni sakho, bona udokotela.
Izifo ezihambisana ne-melanin
Izinkinga ngokukhiqizwa kwe-melanin zingabangela izimo zesikhumba ezahlukahlukene.
Ubu-Albinism
Lesi yisimo esingavamile esibangelwa inani elincane kakhulu le-melanin. Laba bantu banezinwele ezimhlophe, amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanye nesikhumba esikhanyayo kakhulu. Bangase babe nezinkinga zokubona. Kumelwe basebenzise i-sunscreen ukuvimbela ukulimala kwelanga. Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwalokhu.
I-Melasma
Lesi yisimo lapho kuvela khona amabala ansundu ebusweni.
Kukholakala ukuthi sibangelwa ama-hormone, amaphilisi okuvimbela inzalo, kanye nokuchayeka elangeni. Singalawulwa ngezinto ezifana ne-sunscreen, ama-cream kadokotela, kanye nokwelashwa nge-laser.
I-Vitiligo
Lesi yisimo lapho kuvela khona amabala amhlophe esikhumbeni ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana e-melanocyte. Njengoba sonke sazi, ayikho ikhambi eliqondile lalokhu, kodwa kunezindlela zokwelapha ezifana nokhilimu, ukwelashwa ngokukhanya kwe-UV, kanye nokuhlinzwa.
Ukulahlekelwa umbala ngemva kokulimala kwesikhumba
Ngezinye izikhathi umzimba awukwazi ukukhiqiza i-melanin futhi ezindaweni ezishile, ezinamaqhubu, noma ezinegciwane. Lokhu akudingi ukwelashwa, kodwa ungayimboza ngezimonyo uma ingakuphathi kahle.
Isifo sikaParkinson
Kulesi sifo, inani le-neuromelanin ebuchosheni liyancipha njengoba amangqamuzana obuchopho ebhujiswa.
Ingabe i-Melanin inganda? - Masiqaphele izikhangiso eziyingozi
Kunemithi kadokotela kanye nokwelashwa okukhethekile kokukhanya kwe-UV okungakhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin esikhumbeni kubantu abanezimo ezifana ne-vitiligo. Kodwa-ke,
kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ngeminye yemikhiqizo emakethe. Kunezithasiselo ezahlukahlukene, amaphilisi, kanye nemijovo emakethe ezithi zikhanyisa ibala lesikhumba. Iningi lalezi
azivunyelwe yinhlangano ehloniphekile, futhi aziphephile noma azisebenzi kahle.- Amaphilisi okuthambisa isikhumba:Lezi ziqukethe inani elikhulu le-pigment efana ne-beta-carotene, enikeza izaqathi umbala wazo we-orenji. Lezi zinganika isikhumba sakho umbala we-orenji-onsundu. Kodwa-ke, azikhulisi i-melanin. Futhi, lezi zinani eliphezulu le-pigment zingabangela ukulimala kwamehlo, izinkinga zesibindi, kanye nezifo zesikhumba .
- Imijovo kanye nezifutho zamakhala: Lokhu kuqukethe ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-melanotan, okuthiwa yandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin, kodwa ingabangela imiphumela emibi njengesicanucanu futhi yandise ingozi yomdlavuza wesikhumba .
Ngakho-ke, uma unenkinga ngesikhumba sakho noma ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin, into engcono kakhulu nephephile ongayenza ukubonana nodokotela ofanelekayo esikhundleni sokusebenzisa imikhiqizo engaqinisekisiwe etholakala emakethe.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Melanin iyi-pigment yemvelo enikeza umbala esikhumbeni, ezinweleni nasemehlweni ethu.
- Inani le-melanin linqunywa izakhi zofuzo, futhi umzimba ukhiqiza i-melanin eningi uma ubhekene nelanga.
- Nakuba i-melanin inikeza isivikelo esithile emisebeni ye-UV eyingozi yelanga, ayivikeli ngokuphelele.
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isikhumba sakho sinjani, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isivikelo selanga okungenani i-SPF engu-15 nsuku zonke.
- Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kuyatholakala ezimweni ezihlobene ne-melanin njenge-vitiligo kanye ne-melasma. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko esikhumbeni sakho, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Gwema ukusebenzisa amaphilisi, imijovo, njll. engagunyaziwe emakethe athi ashintsha umbala wesikhumba. Angaba yingozi enkulu empilweni.
I-Melanin, umbala wesikhumba, izifo zesikhumba, i-sunscreen, i-vitiligo, umdlavuza wesikhumba
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