Okudingeka ukwazi nge-calcium ephezulu egazini (i-Hypercalcemia)!

Uma sicabanga nge-calcium, sicabanga ngamathambo aqinile namazinyo anempilo, akunjalo? I-calcium empeleni iyisakhi esibalulekile emzimbeni wethu. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi, njenganoma yini eningi kakhulu, i-calcium eningi egazini lethu ingabangela nezinkinga eziningi zempilo? Ezimweni eziningi, lesi simo singaba khona ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kwanda kwe-calcium egazini, noma njengoba kubizwa ngokwezokwelapha, i-hypercalcemia.

Kungani i-calcium egazini ikhuphuka kanje?

Ngokuvamile, imizimba yethu iyakwazi ukulawula inani le-calcium egazini lethu. Ama-hormone amaningana ayasiza kulokhu. Kodwa-ke, kunezizathu ezingaphezu kuka-25, njengezifo ezithile, imithi, izinkinga zezinso, noma ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, okungabangela ukuthi lokhu kulawulwa kulahleke futhi amazinga ethu e-calcium egazini akhuphuke. Ake sibheke ezinye zezizathu eziyinhloko.

Ukwanda komsebenzi wezindlala ze-parathyroid (i-Hyperparathyroidism)

Lena yimbangela eyinhloko nevame kakhulu ye-calcium ephezulu egazini. Eqinisweni, lena yimbangela yamacala angaba ngu-90% e-'Hypercalcemia'. Ngemuva kwe-thyroid gland entanyeni yethu kunezindlala ezine ezincane, ezifana namathambo, esizibiza ngokuthi izindlala ze-parathyroid. Lezi zikhipha i-hormone ye-parathyroid `(Parathyroid Hormone - PTH).` Le hormone isiza ukulawula izinga le-calcium egazini. Ku-'Hyperparathyroidism', eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zindlala iba namandla kakhulu futhi iqhubeke nokukhiqiza i-hormone ye-'PTH' ngaphandle kokuhlola ukuthi ingakanani i-calcium egazini. Bese izinga le-calcium egazini likhuphuka ngendlela engavamile. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu phakathi kwabesifazane asebedlulile esikhathini sokuya esikhathini.

Eminye imithi oyithathayo

Eminye imithi kanye nezithasiselo ozithathayo nazo zingabangela ukwanda kwamazinga e-calcium egazini lakho.

Umdlavuza

Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wamaphaphu, webele, noma wegazi nazo zingabangela amazinga aphezulu e-calcium egazini. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokusabalala kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza emathanjeni (i-bone metastases) noma kuma-hormone akhiqizwa ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza.

Ezinye izimbangela ezingavamile

• Izimo ezifana ne -Sarcoidosis
• Isifo sofuba
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso
• I-Hyperthyroidism
• Isifo sikaPaget siyisifo samathambo.
• Ukuvalelwa embhedeni amasonto amaningi
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni
• Izimo zofuzo ezifana ne-Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?

Uma une-hypercalcemia encane, ungase ungabi nazimpawu. Kodwa uma isimo siba sibi kakhulu, singathinta izingxenye eziningi zomzimba wakho. Qaphela lezi zimpawu.

• Ukuchama njalo
• Ukuzizwa womile ngendlela engavamile
• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka emzimbeni
• Ubuhlungu bethambo
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Isifiso sokudla
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha, ukuqina, noma ukudikiza
• Ukukhohlwa nokudideka kwengqondo
• Ukucindezeleka kanye nokucasuka

Yiziphi izinkinga ezibangelwa ukwanda kwe-calcium emzimbeni?

Amazinga aphezulu e-calcium egazini angabangela izinkinga eziningana zempilo ezinkulu.

• I-Osteoporosis: Ezimweni ezifana ne-hyperparathyroidism, inani elikhulu le-calcium likhishwa emathanjeni liye egazini. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amathambo abe mancane, abe buthakathaka, futhi aphuke kalula. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-osteoporosis.
• Amatshe ezinso: Uma inani le-calcium emchameni landa, lingaqoqa futhi lakhe amatshe amancane ngaphakathi kwezinso. La matshe angabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu njengoba ehamba emgudwini womchamo.
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso: Amazinga aphezulu e-calcium athinta ngqo ukusebenza kwezinso. Lokhu kunganciphisa ikhono lazo lokuhlanza igazi nokususa ukungcola, futhi kungaholela nasekuhlulekeni kwezinso.
• Imiphumela ekusebenzeni kobuchopho: Ukwanda kwe-calcium egazini kungathinta uhlelo lwezinzwa, futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi kungathinta inkumbulo. Kungabangela izimo ezinjengokudideka, i-dementia, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ngisho ne-coma.
• Isifo senhliziyo: Amazinga aphezulu e-calcium angaphazamisa izimpawu zikagesi zenhliziyo, okubangela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-arrhythmia).

Udokotela ukuthola kanjani lokhu?

Ngenxa yokuthi ngokuvamile azikho izimpawu ezisobala, lesi simo sitholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi okukhona ngenxa yesinye isizathu. Uma udokotela wakho esola izimpawu, uzoyala ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kuhlolwe amazinga akho e-calcium. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kungahlola namazinga akho e-parathyroid hormone (PTH). Lokhu kungasiza kalula ekuxilongeni i-hyperparathyroidism. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa ukuthola imbangela:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amazinga e-vitamin D
• Ukuhlolwa kobuningi bamathambo
• Ukuskena nge-ultrasound ukuhlola amatshe ezinso
• Isampula yomchamo ingahlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ingakanani i-calcium ekhishwa emchameni nokuthi izinso zisebenza kahle kangakanani.

Uma kusolwa esinye isizathu, njengomdlavuza, udokotela angase futhi acele ukuhlolwa kwezithombe njenge-X-ray, i-MRI, noma i-CT scan.

Iphathwa kanjani?

Uhlelo lokwelashwa luzoncika ebunzimeni be-hypercalcemia yakho kanye nembangela yayo. Uma isimo sincane (i-Hypercalcemia Encane): Udokotela wakho angase anqume ukungakulaphi, kodwa aqaphe amazinga akho e-calcium njalo. Angase futhi ancome okulandelayo:

• Phuza amanzi amaningi.
• Yeka noma ushintshe eminye imithi oyithathayo, njengemithi yokukhipha isisu.
• Yeka ukuthatha amaphilisi okunciphisa i-asidi aqukethe i-calcium.
• Yeka ukuthatha izithasiselo ze-calcium.

Uma isimo sibi kakhulu (i-Severe Hypercalcemia): Kulesi simo, kungadingeka usebenzise imithi noma ukuhlinzwa.

• Imithi: Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi efana ne-'Cinacalcet (Sensipar),' i-hormone 'Calcitonin' etholakala ku-salmon, ama-steroid afana ne-'Prednisone' ezimweni ezibangelwa ukwanda kwe-vitamin D, kanye ne-'Bisphosphonates' kanye ne-'Denosumab (Prolia, Xgeva)' yobuthakathaka bamathambo obubangelwa umdlavuza.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Uma i-hypercalcemia yakho ibangelwa yizindlala ze-parathyroid ezisebenza ngokweqile, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuthi kususwe indlala noma izindlala ezithintekile ngokuhlinzwa.

Ezinye izinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzazi

Isimo sakho sempilo uma kwenzeka i-'Hypercalcemia' sincike ebunzimeni besifo kanye nembangela yaso eyisisekelo. Uma isimo sincane, kungase kungabi khona ezinye izinkinga. Ungaphatha amazinga akho e-calcium ngokulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho. Kodwa-ke, uma isimo sibi kakhulu, kuzokwakhiwa uhlelo lokwelashwa olusekelwe esibangweni. Uma imbangela ingumdlavuza, kungadingeka ukuthi ulaliswe esibhedlela ukuze uthole uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni (i-IV fluids) kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Nakuba i-'Hypercalcemia', ebangelwa ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezifana nomdlavuza, ingenakuvinjelwa, kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukulawula amazinga e-calcium egazini lakho.

• Uma kukhona emndenini wakho onomlando we-hyperparathyroidism, amatshe ezinso, noma amazinga aphezulu e-calcium, yazisa udokotela wakho ngakho.
• Ungalokothi uthathe izithasiselo ze-calcium noma ama-antacid acebile nge-calcium ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela .
• Njalo thintana nodokotela ngaphambi kokuthatha amavithamini, amaminerali, noma ezinye izithasiselo.

I-Hypercalcemia, i-calcium, i-calcium ephezulu, i-calcium egazini, i-parathyroid, amatshe ezinso, ubuhlungu bamathambo