So wowɔ kokoram wɔ wo menewam fam? Momma yɛnka Hypopharyngeal Cancer ho asɛm!

So woasusuw menewa mu kokoram ho pɛn ? Ebia woayɛ saa. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka kokoram bi a ɛba menewam, nanso wɔnka ho asɛm kakra ho asɛm. Wɔfrɛ eyi Hypopharyngeal Cancer . Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛkɔ so wɔ yɛn menewa no ase, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛwɔ yɛn menewa no ase (`(Pharynx)`), titiriw wɔ nne adaka no akyi (`(Larynx)`). Momma yɛnhwɛ eyi mu nkɔ akyiri kakra, ɛnte saa?

Kokoram yi abu so dɛn?

Nokwarem no, saa hypopharyngeal kokoram yi ntaa mma saa. Susuw ho hwɛ, wɔ ɔman te sɛ Amerika mpo mu no, nnipa 2000 kosi 4000 pɛ na wohu sɛ wɔwɔ saa yare yi afe biara. Nanso sɛ yɛde toto biribi te sɛ ahurututu mu kokoram ho a, saa dodow no sua koraa. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ afe 2023 nkutoo mu no, wɔka sɛ nnipa bɛboro mpem ahanu na wɔwɔ ahurututu mu kokoram wɔ Amerika. Enti eyi kyerɛ sɛ eyi ho yɛ na kakra, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔntaa nhu.

Dɛn ne kokoram a ɛwɔ hypopharyngeal mu ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Ɔhaw biako a ɛwɔ ha ne sɛ ebia kokoram yi renda sɛnkyerɛnne biara adi wɔ ne mfiase . Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebia na kokoram no atrɛw (akɔ mmeae afoforo) bere a yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no bɛda adi no. Nanso, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛda adi no betumi ayɛ:

• Menewa a ɛyɛ yaw anaasɛ biribi a ɛte nka sɛ biribi akɔhyɛ menewam.
• Nnyigyei a ɛyɛ dede .
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛmene aduan .
• Aso mu yaw .
• Ntini a ɛho ahonhon wɔ kɔn mu .
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ tiaa anaa biribi a ɛkyekyere ne menewa mu a ntease biara nnim.
• Ɔbrɛ a ɛtra so a wɔte nka (` Ɔbrɛ` ).
• Ɛnne sesa .
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den anaa dede a ɛba bere a worehome (`(Stridor)`).
• Mogya a wɔfefe .
• Sɛ́ wobɛyɛ teateaa a ntease biara nnim.

Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ wusuro sɛ wowɔ saa kokoram yi esiane sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi nti. Efisɛ wotumi hu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi wɔ nyarewa nketenkete afoforo nso mu. Nanso, sɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu biara kɔ so bɛboro adapɛn abien a, nyansa wom sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ampa na woakɔhwehwɛ afotu.

Dɛn nti na kokoram a ɛwɔ hypopharyngeal mu no nya?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, kokoram yi nyin wɔ nkwammoaa a ɛkata wo hypopharynx (wo menewa fã a ɛkata wo menewa ase) no mu. Saa nkwammoaa yi sesa na ɛbɛyɛ kokoram, na ɛpaapae a wontumi nni so na ɛyɛ akisikuru. Abenfo ntumi nka nea enti a eyi ba no ankasa. Nanso, asiane ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a ɛma hokwan a wowɔ sɛ wubenya kokoram yi yɛ kɛse. Wɔne:

• Sigaretnom: Eyi ne ade biako pɛ a ɛho hia sen biara a ebetumi ama obi anya menewam kokoram, a hypopharyngeal kokoram ka ho. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sigaret, sigaret, paipu a wɔnom, ɛlɛtrɔnik sigaret (`(e-sigaret)`) a wɔde di dwuma, tawa a wɔwe, anom, ne tawa a wɔwe.
• Nsa a wɔtaa nom ne nea wɔnom boro so: Wɔkyerɛ nsa a wɔtaa nom ne nea wɔnom kɛse ase sɛ wɔnom nsa bɛboro unit abien da biara ma mmarima ne bɛboro unit biako da biara ma mmea.
• HPV Nyarewa: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) yɛ ɔyare mmoawa a wonya fi nna mu (STI). Ebetumi atrɛw denam anom nna a wɔne obi a ɔwɔ mmoawa no bɛda so.

Nsɛnnennen bɛn na ebetumi afi tebea yi mu aba?

Hypopharyngeal kokoram betumi atrɛw akɔ ntini a ɛwɔ kɔn no mu no mu wɔ ne mfiase. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo kasa sɛ wuhu sɛ akisikuru bi wɔ wo kɔn mu a. Sɛ wɔansa kokoram yi a, ebetumi atrɛw akɔ mmeae a edidi so yi:

• Wo esophagus (`(Esophagus)`).
• Menewa no afã afoforo.
• Ntini a ɛma mogya tu (`(Thyroid)`).
• Trachea (mframa a wɔde fa mframa mu).
• Hyoid dompe (`(Hyoid dompe)`).
• Nneɛma a wɔde kata koko no mu.
• Ntini a atwa akyi berɛmo no atifi ho ahyia.
• Carotid ntini (`(Carotid ntini)`).

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu kokoram yi?

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, obebisa wo wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow, bere tenten a woanya bi, ne sɛ ebia wonom tawa anaa nsa, efisɛ saa nneɛma yi ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya kokoram yi yɛ kɛse.

Afei oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ wo. Ɔbɛte wo kɔn nka ahwɛ sɛ wo ntini a ɛma mogya tu no ahonhon anaa, na ɔbɛhwɛ wo menewa mu.

Ɛdenam wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so no, wo duruyɛfo betumi de wo akɔ aso, hwene, ne menewa ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn (ENT ho ɔbenfo anaa Otolaryngologist). Ɔyɛ obi a ne ho akokwaw wɔ ti ne kɔn mu nyarewa a wohu na wɔsa mu. Obetumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow te sɛ:

• Endoscopy: Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, oduruyɛfo no de afiri tenten bi a ɛyɛ tratraa (endoscope) hyɛ wo menewam mu de hwehwɛ wo menewam fã a ɛwɔ fam no mu. Wobetumi ayɛ sɔhwɛ bi a wɔfrɛ no laryngoscopy nso de ahwehwɛ nne adaka (larynx) no mu.
• Biopsy sɔhwɛ (`(Biopsy)`):Oduruyɛfo no betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔmfa fine-needle aspiration (FNA) nkɔfa ntini bi. Afei ɔyare ho ɔbenfo bi de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ saa ntini mu nhwɛsode yi mu hwɛ sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa wɔ hɔ anaa.
• Mfoniniyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu: Sɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu no si so dua sɛ wowɔ hypopharyngeal cancer a, wo ENT ho ɔbenfo no de wo bɛkɔ oncologist nkyɛn. Obetumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ mfoniniyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu de hwɛ sɛ kokoram no atrɛw afi menewa no ase akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo anaa. Ebia eyinom bi ne CT mfonini (Computed Tomography), MRI mfonini (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), anaa PET mfonini (Positron Emission Tomography).

Momma yensua kokoram no gyinabea ne abasobɔde nso ho ade.

Kokoram a wɔde si hɔ no yɛ ɔkwan a kokoram ho animdefo fa so ka kokoram ho asɛm kɔ akyiri. Sɛ nhwɛso no, baabi a akisikuru no wɔ, sɛ ebia atrɛw, na sɛ ɛte saa a, baabi, anaasɛ kokoram no atrɛw akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo.

Hypopharyngeal kokoram no fã ahorow no fi Ɔfã I – bere a kokoram no wɔ menewa no ase fã na entrɛwee – kosi Ɔfã IV. Ɔfã IV ne bere a kokoram no atrɛw akɔ menewa ne ano afã afoforo, hwene no akyi (nasopharynx), ti nhwi no ase, ne koko no mu ntini a ɛkata so no.

Wɔkyekyɛ kokoram a ɛwɔ anom nso mu sɛnea ne fã te. Kokoram dodow ma kokoram ho animdefo tumi kyerɛ sɛnea kokoram no bɛtrɛw ntɛmntɛm. Saa abasobɔde ahorow yi fi GX (kokoram no nni hokwan kɛse sɛ ɛbɛtrɛw) kosi G3 (ɛda adi kɛse sɛ kokoram no bɛtrɛw).

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa eyi?

Ayaresa a wɔtaa yɛ ne oprehyɛn a wɔde yi akisikuru no ne mframa a wɔde sa yare de kum kokoram nkwammoaa biara a aka. Ebia wo kokoram ho ɔyaresafo nso de oprehyɛn ne nnuru a wɔde sa yare anaa nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa bɛka ho.

Oprehyɛn ahorow bi a wobetumi apaw ama hypopharyngeal kokoram ni:

• Faryngectomy fã bi anaa ne nyinaa: Oprehyɛn yi yi wo menewa nyinaa anaa ne fã bi fi hɔ. Ebia nea ɛka eyi ho nso ne oprehyɛn a wɔfrɛ no laryngectomy, a woyi nne adaka (larynx) no. Esiane sɛ wo menewa boa wo ma wohome nti, wɔyɛ stoma, anaasɛ wobue, wɔ oprehyɛn akyi sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobetumi de afiri a wɔde yi laryngectomy ahyɛ mu. Wobɛfa saa afiri yi mu ahome bere a wɔayɛ wo oprehyɛn awie no.
• Laryngectomy (`(Nnom a Wɔtwa)`): .Sɛ wotwa wo laryngectomy a, wo duruyɛfo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn no betumi ayɛ tokuru ketewaa bi (tracheoesophageal puncture – TEP) wɔ wo mframa afiri (trachea) ne wo esophagus (esophagus) ntam. Eyi ne baabi a wɔde nne a wɔde yɛ nipadua (afiri a wɔde twa ahurututu mu kasa) hyɛ mu.
• Kɔn mu a wɔpaapae: Oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn betumi ayɛ eyi de ayi ntini a ɛwɔ kɔn no mu a ayɛ basaa no afi hɔ.
• Transoral robotic surgery (TORS): Oprehyɛn yi ma nnuruyɛfo tumi yi kokoram a ɛwɔ mmeae a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobedu hɔ, te sɛ menewa no ase.
• Oprehyɛn a wɔde san yɛ: Sɛ wɔyɛ oprehyɛn de yi menewa anaa nne adaka no nyinaa anaa ne fã bi wie a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ oprehyɛn a wɔsan yɛ na ama dwumadi ahorow te sɛ adidi, ahomegye, ne tumi a wɔde nne afiri di dwuma no asan aba.

Menewam kokoram ho oprehyɛn betumi aka sɛnea wutumi kasa, didi, na wohome. Ansa na wobɛyɛ oprehyɛn no, bisa wo duruyɛfo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn no sɛnea ayaresa no bɛka wo. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wubetumi ne ɔkasa ne kasa mu ɔyare ho ɔbenfo (Speech-language pathologist) ayɛ adwuma asua akwan a wobɛfa so adi ɔkasa anaa amene mu nsɛnnennen biara a ebetumi afi oprehyɛn mu aba no ho dwuma.

So ɔkwan bi wɔ hɔ a wɔbɛfa so asiw kokoram yi ano?

Ɛwom sɛ wontumi nsiw ano koraa de, nanso nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ de atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya kokoram a ɛwɔ hypopharyngeal mu no so:

• Tawanom a wobegyae koraa ne sigaret a wɔde di dwuma a wɔbɛkwati.
• Nsã a wobɛma agyae anaa dodow a wobɛnom no ano hye.
• Bɔ wo ho ban fi HPV yare mmoawa ho denam HPV mmoawa no a wobɛbɔ wo ho ban na woayɛ nna a ahobammɔ wom no so.

Sɛ mewɔ saa tebea yi a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ kwan?

Hypopharyngeal kokoram betumi asan aba (asan aba bio) wɔ ayaresa akyi. Eyi nso ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya kokoram foforo wɔ nipadua no mu mmeae afoforo no yɛ kɛse. Nnuruyɛfo frɛ eyi ``kokoram a ɛto so abien.''

Enti, ɛho behia sɛ wobɛkɔ akɔhwɛ wo daa de aboa wo kokoram hwɛ kuw no ma wɔahwɛ w’akwahosan nyinaa so na wɔahwɛ sɛ ebia sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛsan ba bio, kokoram a ɛtrɛw (ɛkɔ mmeae afoforo) wɔ hypopharyngeal kokoram, anaa kokoram a ɛto so abien. Ebia nea ɛka saa akyi a wobedi yi ho ne mfoninitwa sɔhwɛ ne nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu. Wobetumi ayɛ saa nhyehyɛe ahorow yi ho nhyehyɛe sɛnea edidi so yi:

• Asram abien biara wɔ afe a edi kan wɔ ayaresa akyi.
• Asram anan biara wɔ afe a ɛto so abien no mu .
• Asram asia biara wɔ afe a ɛto so abiɛsa no mu .
• Pɛnkoro afe biara wɔ afe a ɛto so anan ne anum mu .
• Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, ebia wo kokoram ayaresa kuw no bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wonni akyi wɔ wo nkwa nna nyinaa mu .

Dɛn ne nnipa dodow a wonya nkwa?

Sɛ woresusuw nkwagye dodow ho a, ɛho hia sɛ wokae sɛ eyinom yɛ akontaabu a egyina afoforo a wɔanya hypopharyngeal kokoram osuahu so ara kwa . Saa dodow yi gu ahorow kɛse gyina sɛ ebia kokoram no wɔ beae koro no ara a edii kan fii ase, atrɛw akɔ ntini ne ntini a ɛbɛn hɔ mu (‘ɔmantam’), anaasɛ atrɛw akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo (‘akyirikyiri’).

Afei nso, saa dodow yi betumi ayɛ soronko a egyina w’akwahosan nyinaa ne nneɛma afoforo so. Bisa wo kokoram ho ɔyaresafo no ma ɔnkyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea nkwagye dodow yi fa wo tebea no ho mu. Onim wo ne w’akwahosan nyinaa, enti ɔno ne nsɛm a eye sen biara.

So wobetumi asa eyi koraa?

Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, wobetumi de oprehyɛn ne ayaresa afoforo asa hypopharyngeal kokoram. Sɛ akisikuru no sua sen sɛntimita 2 na ɛntrɛwee a, eyi betumi aba kɛse. Nanso, awerɛhosɛm ne sɛ, sɛ yare no mu yɛ den a, wohu sɛ nnipa pii wɔ saa kokoram yi.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ me ho?

Sɛ wɔayɛ wo menewa oprehyɛn a, ɛho behia sɛ wusua akwan foforo a wobɛfa so ahome na woakasa. Ebetumi ayɛ nsakrae kɛse a ɛsɛ sɛ wodi ho dwuma. Enti, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase da sɛ wobɛsrɛ wo kasa ne kasa ho ɔyaresafo no mmoa. Ebia wɔwɔ nyansahyɛ ahorow a wɔde bɛma akuw a wɔbɛboa nnipa a wɔrenya ahoɔden afi wɔn menewa oprehyɛn mu.

Akwan foforo a wubetumi afa so ahwɛ wo ho ni:

• Susuw sɛnea wonya kokoram no ho hwɛ. Hypopharyngeal kokoram betumi asan aba, anaasɛ kokoram a ɛto so abien betumi aba. Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wo ho yeraw wo wɔ daakye ho. Kokoram a wɔsan nya ho nhyehyɛe pii bi ne adwenemyare ho mmoa.
• Kɔ so kwati tawanom na to nsa a wonom ano hye.
• Didi yiye. Menewam oprehyɛn betumi aka sɛnea wutumi didi na wonom. Hwɛ aduannuru ho ɔbenfo (aduan pa ho ɔbenfo) na woanya aduan ho nhyehyɛe ne nyansahyɛ ahorow. Bisa wo kasa ne kasa ho ɔyaresafo no akwan horow a wobɛfa so adi ɔhaw biara a ebetumi asiw adidi pa kwan no ho dwuma.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Egyina wo tebea ne ayaresa so ankasa. Bisa wo kokoram hwɛ kuw no sɛnkyerɛnne anaa ɔhaw ahorow a wubetumi ahwɛ kwan, ne bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wo ne wɔn di nkitaho.

Nsɛmmisa bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa oncologist no?

Sɛ wokɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wubisa nsɛm te sɛ eyinom:

• Ɔkwan bɛn so na me kokoram no wɔ?
• Ayaresa ahorow bɛn na wokamfo kyerɛ?
• Sɛ wɔyɛ me oprehyɛn a, mmoa nhyehyɛe bɛn na ɛwɔ hɔ a ɛbɛboa me ma madi nsakrae a ebetumi de aba no ho dwuma?
• Ɔkwan bɛn so na ayaresa bɛka m’asetra pa?
• So nnuruyɛ mu sɔhwɛ ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a mefata sɛ meyɛ?

Nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae wɔ tiawa mu

Hypopharyngeal cancer yɛ yare a ɛde nkwa to asiane mu. Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, wɔtaa hu bere a kokoram no atrɛw akyi. Wɔ eyi mu no, ebia ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ wo oprehyɛn kɛse na afei woyɛ nsakrae akɛse wɔ w’asetra mu na wotra oduruyɛfo hwɛ ase wo nkwa nna nyinaa.

Sɛ wowɔ saa kokoram yi a, wo ho bɛtɔ wo sɛ wubehu sɛ obiara a ɔwɔ wo kokoram hwɛ kuw no mu no de ne ho ama sɛ ɔbɛboa wo. Wɔbɛboa wo ma woate sɛnea wohu yare no ne ayaresa a wubetumi apaw ase. Wɔbɛboa wo nso bere a wusua sɛ wobɛtra ase ne nsakrae a kokoram ayaresa betumi de aba no. Mma ntwentwɛn wo nan ase da sɛ wobɛsrɛ wɔn mmoa. Ɛyɛ papa bere nyinaa sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu sɛ wo menewa mu yɛ wo yaw, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛmene, anaa wo nne a ɛsakra bɛboro adapɛn abien a.