So wowɔ thyroid ntini wɔ wo kɔn mu? Momma yensua eyi ho ade a yensuro!

So woate nka pɛn sɛ wo kɔn anim ayɛ kurukuruwa anaa abubu? Anaasɛ ebia oduruyɛfo bi hwehwɛɛ wo mu na ɔkae sɛ, “Wowɔ akisikuru bi wɔ wo thyroid so.” Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu nka kakra bere a wote eyi no. Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo! Mpɛn pii no, thyroid nodules nyɛ asiane. Nanso, ɛho hia sɛ wohu wɔn. Ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka thyroid nodules ho asɛm wɔ nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den mu.

Dɛn ne Thyroid Nodules?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, thyroid nodule yɛ nkwammoaa a enyin wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so wɔ wo thyroid ntini mu, te sɛ akisikuru ketewaa bi.

Fa no sɛ, wɔ yɛn kɔn anim, wɔ yɛn kɔn mu dompe no ase pɛɛ no, ntini ketewaa bi a ɛte sɛ ntontom wɔ hɔ. Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no thyroid gland . Eyi yɛ endocrine gland a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu ankasa. Ɛma nkwaadɔm abien a ɛho hia yiye ma yɛn nipadua , thyroxine (T4) ne triiodothyronine (T3) . Saa nkwaadɔm yi di nneɛma pii so wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Ma yɛn nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra no nkɔ so nyɛ adwuma yiye.
• Hwɛ nipadua mu hyew so.
• Di yɛn adwene ne yɛn anigye so.
• Di wo koma bɔ ne wo koma bɔ so .
• Di aduan a wobɛyam no yiye.

Enti, saa akuru no betumi ayɛ wɔ thyroid gland a ɛyɛ nneɛma a ɛho hia pii no mu. Wobetumi nso akyekyɛ saa akuru yi mu ayɛ no:

• Ebia akuru biako pɛ na ɛwɔ hɔ (solitary nodule) .
• Ebia ntini pii nso wɔ hɔ .
• Ebia nsu a yɛfrɛ no cystic nodules , ahyɛ akuru bi mu ma.
• Ebia emu bi yɛ den, wɔfrɛ no solid nodules .

Ade a ɛho hia ne sɛ saa akisikuru a wohu wɔ mpanyimfo mu yi bɛboro 90% nyɛ kokoram anaasɛ ɛnyɛ hu . Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ ɔhaw kɛse. Nanso, ɔha biara mu 4 kosi 6.5 (4.0% kosi 6.5%) betumi ayɛ thyroid kokoram . Enti, sɛ wowɔ akisikuru a, ɛho hia sɛ wohwɛ hu sɛ ɛnyɛ kokoram. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa akuru yi betumi ayɛ thyroid yare foforo ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Hena na ɛda adi sɛ obenya saa thyroid ntini ahorow yi?

Nokwarem no, obiara betumi anya thyroid nodule. Ebetumi aka mmofra, mpanyimfo, ne obiara. Nanso, ɛda adi sɛ mmea benya bi sen mmarima mmɔho anan.Saa akuru yi taa ba.

Afei nso, nnipa a wɔwɔ aman a wɔmfa iodine nka wɔn aduan ho no taa nya saa tebea horow yi, efisɛ iodine ho hia na ama thyroid ntini no ayɛ hormone.

Nneɛma afoforo bi wɔ hɔ a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya thyroid nodules no yɛ kɛse:

• Sɛ woadi kan anya thyroid mframa a wɔde sa yare a .
• Sɛ obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu anya thyroid nodules anaa thyroid cancer (abusua abakɔsɛm).
• Asiane no kɔ soro bere a obi nyin no .
• Wɔ nnipa a mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu a dade nnim mu no fam no .
• Wɔn a wɔnom sigaret (Smoking) .
• Wɔn a wɔayɛ kɛse mmoroso no fam no .
• Wɔn a wɔwɔ metabolic syndrome no fam no .
• Wɔn a wɔnom nsa (Nsã a wɔnom) .
• Wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ Insulin-like growth factor-1 (hormone bi) dodow a ɛkɔ soro wɔ nipadua no mu fam.
• Mmea a wɔwɔ awotwaa mu ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw .

Thyroid nodules abu so dɛn?

Eyinom abu so yiye ankasa. Oduruyɛfo behu saa akuru yi wɔ mpanyimfo 5% kosi 7% mu bere a wɔreyɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa no. Nanso, ultrasound betumi ahu sɛ mpanyimfo 20% kosi 76% na wɔwɔ saa akuru yi. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia nnipa pii benya bi a wonnim mpo.

Nanso eyinom ntaa mma mmofra nkumaa mu saa.

So ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro thyroid nodule bi?

Mpɛn pii no, thyroid nodules nyɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛhaw adwene wɔ ho. Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, dodow no ara yɛ nea ɛnyɛ hu . Nanso, ɔha biara mu kakraa bi pɛ betumi ayɛ thyroid kokoram , enti sɛ wuhu sɛ wowɔ nodule a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn kɔhwɛ. Sɛ ɛyɛ kokoram a, dodow a wohu no ntɛm na wɔsa no, dodow no ara na eye .

Kae sɛ, sɛ wuhu akisikuru bi na wususuw sɛ ɛyɛ kokoram a, mma wo ho nnpopo. Nanso, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ woma oduruyɛfo kɔhwɛ mu.

Dɛn ne thyroid nodules ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Thyroid nodules dodow no ara mfa sɛnkyerɛnne biara mma, na ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia worenhu biribiara. Nanso, sɛ wowɔ ntini pii, anaasɛ sɛ ntini no sõ a, ebia wubetumi ate nka wɔ wo kɔn mu.

Ɛntaa mma koraa sɛ sɛ akuru no yɛ kɛse paa a, wubetumi ahu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a edidi so yi:

• Ɔhaw a ɛba wɔ aduan anaa nsu a wɔmene mu , ɔhaw a ɛba wɔ ɔhome mu. Fa no sɛ, sɛ wote nka sɛ biribi akɔhyɛ wo menewam bere a woredidi no, anaasɛ wote nka sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛnom nsu kakra mpo a...
• Nnyigyei a ɛyɛ den anaasɛ ɛnne a ɛsakra.
• Ɛyaw a wɔte nka wɔ kɔn anim.
• Wɔsan frɛ thyroid ntini a ɛho ahonhon no sɛ goiter .

Ntini bi, titiriw thyroid ntini a ɛyɛ adwuma boro so , fi ase yɛ thyroid hormone pii dodo, tebea a wɔfrɛ no hyperthyroidism . Nsɛnkyerɛnne no bi ne:

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ thyroid hormone a ɛkɔ soro (Hyperthyroidism) .

• Koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm anaasɛ ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm .
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wowosow na/anaasɛ wo ho yeraw wo bere nyinaa.
• Weight loss , ɛwom mpo sɛ aduan ho akɔnnɔ yɛ kɛse de.
• Aduan ho akɔnnɔ a ɛkɔ soro .
• Ɔyare a ɛma obi dwensɔtwaa ne dwensɔtwaa a ɛtaa ba .
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛda .
• Thyroid ntini a ayɛ kɛse anaasɛ goiter .
• Mmea brayɛ a emu yɛ hare anaasɛ ɛnte hɔ .

Afei nso, ebia nnipa binom a wɔwɔ thyroid nodules no thyroid hormone dodow a ɛba fam. Wɔfrɛ eyi hypothyroidism . Nsɛnkyerɛnne no ni:

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ thyroid hormone a ɛba fam (Hypothyroidism) .

• Ɔbrɛ a wɔte nka bere nyinaa (Ɔbrɛ) .
• Wo nsa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ wo yaw.
• Mu duru a ɛkɔ soro .
• Wora ne ti nhwi a ɛyɛ nwunu na ɛyɛ mmerɛw .
• Ayamtim .
• Adwenemhaw, anaa adwenemhaw .
• Mpɛn pii a mmea kɔ brayɛ a emu yɛ duru .

Dɛn nti na saa thyroid ntini yi ba? Dɛn na ɛde ba?

Nhwehwɛmufo da so ara nnim nea enti a thyroid ntini dodow no ara nyin ankasa. Nanso, nneɛma ahorow nti na wobetumi anya nkɔso. Ntini ahorow pii wɔ hɔ:

• Ntini a ɛyɛ colloid:Eyinom ne nea wɔtaa de di dwuma. Wɔnam thyroid ntini a ɛteɛ a enyin dodo so na ɛba. Wɔnnyɛ kokoram (benign). Wotumi nyin akɛse, nanso ɛntrɛw nkɔ akyiri nsen thyroid ntini no.
• Thyroid cysts: Eyinom yɛ akuru a nsu ahyɛ mu ma, anaasɛ ne fã bi yɛ nsu na ne fã bi yɛ den. Asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛyɛ kokoram (malignancy) sua. Sɛ wɔn kɛse boro sɛntimita 2 a, nnuruyɛfo bɛhwɛ wɔn anaasɛ wɔbɛyɛ wɔn nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu .
• Ntini a ɛma ɔhyew: Eyinom fi thyroid ntini a ɛyɛ hyew a enni sabea . Ebetumi ayɛ yaw anaasɛ ɛnyɛ yaw.
• Multinodular goiter: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, thyroid gland no yɛ kɛse esiane nodules pii (goiter) nti. Mpɛn pii no, saa ntini ahorow yi nyɛ kokoram.
• Thyroid nodules a ɛyɛ adwuma boro so: Saa nodules yi ma thyroid hormone afoforo. Eyi betumi ama obi anya hyperthyroidism , a egye ayaresa.
• Thyroid kokoram: Sɛ yɛka thyroid akisikuru ho asɛm a, ehu kɛse a yɛwɔ ne sɛ ebia ɛyɛ kokoram anaa. Nea eye ne sɛ, thyroid kokoram ho yɛ na koraa. Thyroid akisikuru nyinaa mu nea ennu 6.5% yɛ kokoram .

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu pɛpɛɛpɛ sɛ wowɔ thyroid nodules anaa?

Ɛtɔ da bi a w’ankasa wubetumi ate thyroid nodule nka, anaasɛ wuhu wɔ ahwehwɛ mu. Anaasɛ ebia wo duruyɛfo behu bere a wɔreyɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu no. Wobetumi ahu nodule nso wɔ akwanhyia mu bere a wɔreyɛ mfoninitwa sɔhwɛ bi esiane biribi foforo nti.

Ɛwom sɛ thyroid ntini dodow no ara nyɛ kokoram (ɛnyɛ bɔne) de, nanso ntini pii hia nhwehwɛmu bi esiane hokwan ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ebetumi ayɛ kokoram nti.

Sɔhwɛ ahorow bɛn na wɔyɛ ma eyi?

Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa de ahwehwɛ thyroid nodule:

• Thyroid mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Eyi hwɛ thyroid hormone dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu. Mpɛn pii no, sɛ ntini ahorow wɔ hɔ mpo a, hormone dodow no yɛ nea ɛfata. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a wobetumi ayɛ nea ɛnteɛ, na ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ obi anya thyroid yare.
• Ultrasound scan: Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔde nnyigyei asorɔkye di dwuma de twa thyroid ntini no mfonini. Ebetumi aboa ma wɔahu sɛ ebia akuru bi yɛ den anaasɛ ɛyɛ akisikuru a nsu ahyɛ mu ma. (Akuru a ɛyɛ den no taa yɛ kokoram.) Ebetumi nso aboa ma wɔahwɛ sɛnea akuru no nyin na wɔahu akuru a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobenya. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ultrasound betumi aboa ma wɔakyerɛ ade no kwan bere a wɔde ade a ɛyɛ fɛ reyɛ biopsy no .
• Fine-needle biopsy a wɔde yɛ nipadua no mu nhwehwɛmu:Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, oduruyɛfo de ade a ɛyɛ tratraa paa di dwuma de yi nkwammoaa bi a ɛwɔ thyroid nodule anaa nodules mu. Afei wɔde nhwɛsode no kɔ adwumayɛbea bi ma wɔsɔ hwɛ. Ntini dodow no ara nyɛ kokoram. Nanso, sɛ nea efi nhwehwɛmu no mu ba no ntumi nyɛ nokware a, oduruyɛfo no betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu no bio. Anaasɛ, ebia wɔbɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ oprehyɛn nyi nodule no na ama wɔahu yare no yiye.
• Thyroid uptake scan: Wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu no, wɔma wo radioactive iodine kakraa bi sɛ wobɛnom. Afei oduruyɛfo no hwɛ iodine dodow a thyroid ntini no twetwe ne dodow a thyroid ntini a ɛteɛ no twetwe. Eyi ma yenya nsɛm pii fa thyroid nodules a ebetumi aboa oduruyɛfo no ma wahu asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obenya kokoram no ho.

Dɛn ne ayaresa a wɔde sa thyroid nodules?

Ayaresa no gyina thyroid ntini ko a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu so. Ayaresa ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a wobetumi apaw:

• Ayaresa biara nni hɔ/hwɛ na twɛn: Sɛ akuru no nyɛ kokoram a, ebia wo ne wo duruyɛfo besi gyinae sɛ ayaresa biara ho nhia mprempren. Nanso, ɛho behia sɛ wokɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn daa hwɛ sɛ akuru no sesa anaa.
• Radioactive iodine: Nnuruyɛfo de radioactive iodine sa thyroid ntini a ɛyɛ adwuma boro so ne goiters a ntini pii wom. Sɛ thyroid ntini no twetwe saa iodine a ɛyɛ radioactive yi a, ntini no so tew.
• Oprehyɛn: Sɛ akuru no yɛ kokoram, na ɛde akwanside te sɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛmene anaa ɔbɛhome, na “ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ” (a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wontumi nhu sɛ obi mfa oprehyɛn mfi hɔ na wɔnyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu) a, ayaresa a eye sen biara ne sɛ wɔbɛyɛ oprehyɛn ayi afi hɔ.

So wobetumi asiw thyroid nodules ano?

Esiane sɛ nhwehwɛmufo nnim nea ɛde thyroid ntini dodow no ara ba nti, mpɛn pii no wontumi nsiw ano.

Nanso, wubetumi abɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛtew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no so denam asiane ahorow bi a wubedi so no so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ woyɛ kɛse mmoroso a , wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa sɛnea wobɛkɔ so akura mu duru a ɛfata mu. Sɛ wonom sigaret a, bɔ mmɔden sɛ wubegyae sigaretnom . Afei nso, hwɛ hu sɛ worenya iodine a ɛdɔɔso wɔ w’aduan mu. Sɛ wode pon so nkyene a iodine wom di dwuma a, ebia worenya iodine a ɛdɔɔso.

Nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi ada no adi sɛ ebia nnipa a wɔnom nnuru a wɔde siw awo ano ne/anaasɛ statin no so tew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya thyroid nodules.

Sɛ wowɔ thyroid nodules a, dɛn ne nkɔmhyɛ? (Nkɔmhyɛ) .

Thyroid nodules a ɛnyɛ kokoram (a ɛnyɛ papa).Nkɔmhyɛ no ye yiye. Mpɛn pii no, ɛho nhia sɛ wɔsa wɔn yare. Afei nso, saa akuru a ɛnyɛ kokoram yi mu ɔha biara mu kakraa bi pɛ, bɛyɛ 1%, na ɛde thyroid yare ba , na wobetumi asa ɛno mpo.

Ɛsono sɛnea wɔhwɛ thyroid nodules a ɛyɛ hu a egyina nneɛma pii so, a nea ɛka ho ne:

• Kokoram ko a ɛwɔ hɔ .
• Mfe a woadi bere a wohuu yare no .
• Ntini/akisikuru no kɛse .
• Sɛ́ ebia atrɛw akɔ ntini ahorow a ɛbɛn te sɛ ntini a ɛma mogya tu mu .
• Sɛ́ ebia atrɛw (atrɛw) akɔ nipadua no afã horow a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri no .

Sɛ wowɔ thyroid kokoram a, wo duruyɛfo betumi ama woanya nkɔmhyɛ a edi mu.

So mmofra nkumaa nya thyroid nodules?

Mmofra nkumaa ntaa nnya thyroid nodules kɛse sen mpanyimfo, nanso nhwehwɛmufo da so ara nnim dodow pɔtee.

Ntini a wohu wɔ mmofra ne mmabun mu no taa yɛ thyroid kokoram sen mpanyimfo. Nanso, ntini a ɛwɔ mmofra ne mmabun mu no bɛboro 75% nyɛ kokoram (ɛnyɛ bɔne) .

Nsɛnkyerɛnne, sɛnea wohu, ne ayaresa a ɛwɔ mmofra mu no te sɛ nea ɛwɔ mpanyimfo mu no (sɛnea yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no).

Awiei koraa no, ɛsɛ sɛ meka kyerɛ wo... (Take-Home Message)

Thyroid nodules abu so kɛse, na mpɛn pii no ɛmma ɔhaw kɛse biara mma. Nanso, sɛ wuhu sɛ akuru bi wɔ wo kɔn anim a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn . Ɛwom sɛ nodules dodow no ara nyɛ kokoram de, nanso ɛho hia sɛ wɔma wɔhwɛ mu efisɛ hokwan ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ sɛ ebetumi ayɛ kokoram.

Sɛ wunim dedaw sɛ wowɔ thyroid nodule, na wo duruyɛfo ahyɛ wo fo sɛ “hwɛ na twɛn” a, mma wo werɛ mmfi sɛ wobɛkɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn bere ne bere mu ahwɛ sɛ nsakrae biara aba ntini no mu anaa .

Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi fa asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya thyroid kokoram anaa thyroid yare ho a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa. Wɔwɔ ha sɛ wɔrebɛboa. Nsuro, ma wohu!