Skip to main content

So wunim kyɛm ketewaa a ɛwɔ w’ani anim yi ho asɛm? Momma yɛnka ani no ho asɛm!

So wunim kyɛm ketewaa a ɛwɔ w’ani anim yi ho asɛm? Momma yɛnka ani no ho asɛm!

So woasusuw nea saa w’ani fã kurukuruwa a ɛhyerɛn na ɛte sɛ ahwehwɛ no yɛ ho pɛn? Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Ɛte sɛ kyɛm ketewaa bi a ɛbɔ w’ani ho ban. Momma yɛnka ɔfã a ɛyɛ nwonwa yi ho asɛm kakra nnɛ, ɛnte saa?

Dɛn ne ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yi? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, w’aniwa no yɛ ade a emu da hɔ a ɛte sɛ dome a ɛkata w’ani anim. Fa no sɛ ɛte sɛ kar mframa ahwehwɛ. Ɛyɛ nea ɛmma nneɛma te sɛ mfutuma ne mmoawa ntumi nkɔ w’ani so. Ɛho hia nso ma w’anisoadehu. Ɛsan yi UV mframa a epira bi fi mu. So ɛnyɛ nwonwa?

Wo iris no wɔ dan bi a nsu ahyɛ mu ma wɔ w'ani mu (a wɔfrɛ no ``Anterior Chamber``, a nsuo bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Aqueous Humor`` wom) anim pɛɛ. Afei ``Iris`` a ɛma w'ani kɔ ne kɔla, ``Pupil``, na afei lens a ɛwɔ w'ani mu no nso wɔ hɔ. W'aniwa no fã fitaa a atwa wo iris ho ahyia, ``Sclera``.

Nokwarem no, honam ani hwɛbea ne ahobammɔ a edi kan a ɛba w’adwenem. Ɛno nti na ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ akwanhyia nketenkete ne nneɛma sɛe no. Nanso asɛmpa bi wɔ hɔ! Wo honam ani wɔ tumi a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛde siesie ne ho.

Dɛn ne aniwa no mu ntoatoaso?

Fa no sɛ, wɔ akwaa ketewa yi mu no, ntoatoaso asia foforo wɔ hɔ. Layer biara wɔ adwuma titiriw bi. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ?

  • Epithelium: Eyi ne aniwa no akyi fã kɛse. Ɛyɛ adwuma sɛ akwanside wɔ aniwa no mu ne akyi wiase no ntam. Ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse nso wɔ ɛyaw ho. Nhwehwɛmufo ka sɛ ɛwɔ nneɛma a ɛma ɛyaw no dɔɔso sen wo honam ani mmɔho 300 kosi 600! Saa nkate yi bɔ obi ho ban ankasa. Esiane sɛ sɛ biribi asɛe w’ani a, wubetumi ate nka nti, wubetumi asiw ano ntɛm anaa woayi afi hɔ.
  • Bowman’s layer: Eyi yɛ layer a ɛyɛ den a ne fã kɛse no ara yɛ collagen. Ɛma ani no yɛ ne nhyehyɛe na ɛboa ma ɛkɔ so yɛ ne nsusuwii.
  • Stroma: Eyi ne ani no fã a ɛyɛ den sen biara. Ɛsan nso hyɛ aniwa no nhyehyɛe mu den. Ɛboa nso ma hann no kotow (refract) na ɛde n’adwene si wo retina so.
  • Pre-Descemet's layer (PDL): Wɔsan frɛ eyi "Dua's layer". Nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ eyi yɛ ade a mframa ntumi nkɔ mu. Ɛne sɛ, ɛyɛ akwanside a emu yɛ den yiye a ɛda nsu a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu ne mframa a ɛwɔ akyi wiase no ntam.
  • Descemet’s layer: Saa layer yi yɛ tratraa na ɛyɛ mmerɛw, nanso ɛyɛ den ma ɛyɛ nwonwa. Ɛho hia yiye ma aniwa no nhyehyɛe. Ɛboa nso ma ɛbɔ aniwa no ho ban fi opira ne ɔyare mmoawa ho.
  • Endothelium: Saa ɔfa yi titiriw na ɛma nsu a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu ne aniwa no mu no kari pɛ. Ɛsan nso hwɛ hu sɛ stroma no wɔ nsu ne nsu dodow a ɛfata a ehia na ama ayɛ adwuma yiye.

Ɛwom sɛ ɔfa biara wɔ n’ankasa dwumadi de, nanso ahoɔden ankasa a ɛwɔ ahwehwɛ no mu no fi ɔkwan a saa nsensanee yi nyinaa bom yɛ adwuma no mu. Ɛte sɛ "laminate glass" anaa "safety glass" a ɛwɔ kar mframa ahwehwɛ mu. Ɛhɔ na plastic a ɛyɛ tratraa bi wɔ ahwehwɛ abien ntam, ɛnte saa? Saa na ɛte.

Efi bere bɛn na wiase yi wɔ ntoatoaso asia?

Nokwarem no, saa `(Pre-Descemet's layer)` yi na wohuu saa bere tiaa bi a atwam ni. Wotintim nhwehwɛmu krataa a edi kan a ɛfa ho no wɔ afe 2013. Akyinnyegye kakra da so ara wɔ abenfo binom mu sɛ ebia eyi yɛ ɔfa a ɛyɛ soronko, anaasɛ ɛyɛ `(Stroma)` no fã. (Kan no na wosusuw saa, nanso nhwehwɛmu foforo ada no adi sɛ ebia eyi yɛ soronko).

Nanso, mprempren nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ nsonsonoe atitiriw pii wɔ PDL ne stroma no nkae no ntam. Mprempren aniwa ho oprehyɛn ho animdefo susuw PDL no ho (sɛ́ ebia wosusuw sɛ ɛyɛ ade a ɛda nsow anaasɛ ɛnte saa) bere a wɔreyɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wɔbɛyɛ aniwa oprehyɛn no.

Dɛn ne nyarewa a ɛtaa ba a ebetumi aka aniwa no?

Esiane sɛ wo awotwaa yɛ beae a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye nti, ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wubepira, anya ɔyare mmoawa, ne nyarewa afoforo. Nhwɛso kakraa bi ni:

  • Aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw: Nusu ho hia na ama epithelium no atumi ayɛ adwuma yiye. Nusu ma aniwa no nya nsu na ɛboa ma ɛtwe mframa pa fi mframa mu. Aniwa a ayow yɛ yaw na ebetumi asiw aniwa a enhu ade kwan.
  • Nyarewa: Sɛ ani no ani sɛe a, mmoawa – mmoawa, mmoawa, fungi ne mmoawa – betumi de ɔyare mmoawa aba ntɛm. Nhwɛso bi ne ɔyare mmoawa a wɔfrɛ wɔn Acanthamoeba keratitis.
  • Keratitis: Keratitis, anaa ahurututu a ɛyɛ hyew no betumi afi ɔyare mmoawa, opira, ne nyarewa ahorow mu aba.
  • Opira: Te sɛ kar anim ahwehwɛ no, nneɛma a efi akyi ne nsɛm a esisi betumi asɛe w’ani. Eyi betumi ama akisikuru, apaapae, akuru, ne akisikuru. Susuw sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yaw sɛ mfutuma ketewaa bi kɔ w’ani so no ho hwɛ!
  • Nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛsɛe: Wo honam ani yɛ mmerɛw kɛse wɔ ɔhyew ne awɔw a ɛtra so ho. Honam ani hyew (a efi ɔhyew anaa mframa a ano yɛ den mu) taa ba. Nnuru (nsu anaa mframa) nso betumi asɛe ade.
  • Nyarewa a ɛwɔ nhyehyɛe mu `(Dystrophies)`:Nyarewa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛka sɛnea aniwa no yɛ, ɔkwan a ɛfa so bata ani no ho, anaa n’abien nyinaa. Wɔtaa frɛ saa tebea horow yi ``Corneal dystrophies''. Nyarewa a ɛte saa bɛboro aduonu na ɛwɔ hɔ, a ne nhwɛso ne ``Keratoconus'' ne ``Fuchs' dystrophy''.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa aniwa mu tebea horow?

Ayaresa ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a wobetumi de adi dwuma wɔ ɔyare a ɛma obi ho yɛ hyew ho. Ebi ne:

  • Ayaresa a wɔtɔn: Wobetumi de nnuru a ɛnyɛ den a wobetumi atɔ wɔ nnurutɔnbea anaa aguadidan kɛse mu ayi ɔhaw nketenkete te sɛ aniwa a ɛyɛ yaw nketenkete ne aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no afi hɔ.
  • Nnuru: Wobetumi de nnuru asa honam ani yare pii, titiriw ɔyare mmoawa. Eyinom mu pii ba wɔ aduru a wɔde yɛ aduru anaa aniwa mu aduru. Ebi nso wɔ hɔ sɛ nnuru a wɔde di dwuma wɔ ano.
  • Nkatasoɔ anaa ayaresa a wɔhyɛ: Nhwɛsoɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛ ne sɛ wɔde aniwa aduru bɛbɔ aniwa no ho ban na wɔato mu akosi sɛ kuru no bɛsa. Ayaresa a ɛyɛ den kɛse ne scleral lenses, bandage contact lenses, ne amniotic membrane grafts.
  • Laser oprehyɛn: Eyinom yɛ oprehyɛn a wɔde siesie aniwa. Wɔde laser hann di dwuma de sesa sɛnea ani no te na ɛma hann no twe adwene si ɔkwan soronko so. LASIK yɛ oprehyɛn a wɔtaa de laser yɛ.
  • Aniwa oprehyɛn: Oprehyɛn ahorow yi betumi aboa wɔ akwan pii so, titiriw de asiesie aniwa a asɛe na wɔasiesie aniwa tebea horow bi.
  • Aniwa a wɔde si ananmu anaasɛ ani a wɔde yɛ aniwa a wɔde si hɔ: Bere kɔ so no, ebia w’aniwa no bɛyɛ mununkum anaasɛ ɛremma hann no ntumi nsi so yiye. Sɛ ɔhaw ahorow yi mu yɛ den a, ebia ebehia sɛ wɔyɛ wo oprehyɛn de si w’aniwa anim.

Nea ɛho hia: Ayaresa ahorow a ebetumi aboa wɔ aniwa tebea horow ho no gyina nneɛma pii so. Wo tebea pɔtee, w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm, ne w’ankasa wo tebea nyinaa betumi adi dwuma bi. Enti, w’ani ho oduruyɛfo anaa akwahosan ho ɔyaresafo ne onipa a oye sen biara a obesua pii afa ayaresa ahorow a ɛfata wo ho.

Mɛyɛ dɛn atumi abɔ m’aniwa no ho ban afi asiane ho?

Ɔkwan a ɛho hia sen biara a wobɛfa so abɔ w'ani ho ban afi akwanhyia ho ne sɛ wobɛhyɛ ahobammɔ ahwehwɛ anaa ahwehwɛ . Sɛ ɛyɛ bere tiaa bi anaa abien pɛ mpo a, egye sikani kakraa bi ansa na aniwa apira.

Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wohyɛ aniwa ho banbɔ wɔ saa mmere yi mu:

  • Sɛ wode nnwinnade ne mfiri reyɛ adwuma a:Eyi abu so wɔ nsaano nnwinnade a ɛnyɛ den ne anyinam ahoɔden nnwinnade nyinaa mu. Biribi a ɛnyɛ den te sɛ nnua a wɔde sandpaper twitwiw a enni ahobammɔ mpo betumi ama aniwa ayɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ apira a ɛho nhia.
  • Turoyɛ ne turoyɛ: Nhaban nwura, sare a wɔatwitwa, abotan, ne dɔte nyinaa betumi ayɛ asiane ama w’ani bere a woreyɛ adwuma wɔ turo mu anaa gyaade no. Eyi abu so wɔ nnwinnade ne mfiri a ɛboa ma wɔyɛ turo nso ho, te sɛ mfiri a wɔde twa sare, mfiri a wɔde twitwa hama (anaasɛ nea wodi nwura), nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn a wɔde saw, ne nea wɔde bɔ nhaban.
  • Sɛ wode mframa a wɔahyɛ no den anaa nsu redi dwuma a: Nhwɛso abien ne nhyɛso a wɔde hohoro kwan ho anaasɛ wɔde mframa a wɔahyɛ no den di dwuma de yi mfutuma fi kɔmputa anaa ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri foforo mu. Ɛnyɛ den sɛ nhyɛso a ɛwɔ nsɛm abien no nyinaa mu no betumi ama abo nketewa, nneɛma a asɛe, anaa mfutuma abɛyɛ asiane.
  • Sɛ wode nnuru redi dwuma wɔ fie anaa adwumam a: Nnuru a wɔtaa de di dwuma te sɛ bleach ne drain cleaner mpo betumi apetepete w’ani so ntɛm ara, sɛ wohwɛ yiye mpo a.
  • Sɛ woreyɛ adwuma wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn ɔhyew fibea ne ogyaframa a ɛbue a: Ɛyaw a ɛwɔ w’ani so no te ɔhyew nka sen nneɛma a ɛwɔ wo honam ani no. Aniwa ho banbɔ betumi aboa ma woabɔ wo ho ban afi ɔhaw a wusiw anaasɛ wusiw a efi ogya mu sɛe no ho.
  • UV mframa a wobɛma: UV mframa a efi nsu ne mmeae a sukyerɛmma akata so no betumi ahyew w’aniwa. Eyi betumi ama ani a ɛyɛ hyew hyew anaasɛ photokeratitis.
  • Sɛ woredi agumadi a: Aniwa a ɛbɔ wo ho ban betumi abɔ wo ho ban afi nneɛma a ɛtu ho. Eyi fa agumadi te sɛ baseball, tɛnis, hockey, pickleball, ne racquetball ho. Afei nso, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhyɛ aniwa ahwehwɛ bere nyinaa bere a wɔredi agumadi a wɔde wɔn ani asi so (agyan tow, afiri a wɔtow, skeet tuo).

Afotu afoforo a ɛho hia a wɔde besiw akwanhyia ano:

  • Kenkan akwankyerɛ no: Eyi fa mfiri ne nnuru nyinaa ho. Nnuru a wɔde kyerɛw nsɛm bɛkyerɛ wo nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ sɛ ɛkɔ w’ani so a (na sɛ biribiara ankɔ w’ani a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛkenkan nkyerɛwde a wɔakyerɛw so). Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛpɛ sɛ wokɔ adwuma tẽẽ, nanso sɛ wogyina kakra kenkan nea wɔakyerɛw so a, ebetumi ama nsakrae kɛse aba.
  • Fa aniwa ho banbɔ a ɛfata di dwuma: Ahobammɔ ahwehwɛ a ɛwɔ nkyɛnkyɛn anaa kyɛm betumi abɔ wo ho ban afi nneɛma a ɛretu a efi nnipa a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn hɔ no ho. Ahwehwɛ a wɔde plastic ano a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛfata w’anim yiye no ye sen biara a ɛbɛma nnuru ne wusiw ankɔ w’ani so.
  • Hwɛ hu sɛ w’ani ho banbɔ reyɛ adwuma yiye:Mfaso biara nni aniwa a wɔde bɔ wo ho ban ho sɛ ɛmmɔ wo ho ban a. Enti hwɛ hu sɛ w’aniwa ahwehwɛ no fata nea woreyɛ no. Wɔ mmeae a owia hann a ɛdannan pii wɔ hɔ no, hwɛ hu sɛ wo awia ahwehwɛ no wɔ ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ polarized. Wɔyɛ papa wɔ UV mframa a wosiw ano sen ahwehwɛ a wɔde tinted ayɛ kɛkɛ.
  • Hohoro wo nsa bere nyinaa bere a worenoa aduan, de nnwinnade anaa nnuru redi dwuma: Sɛ́ ebia wode nneɛma a emu yɛ den reyɛ adwuma wɔ adididan mu anaasɛ woreyɛ ofie nnwuma no, ɛnyɛ den sɛ nsa a wonhohoro betumi de nnuru, nneɛma nketenkete, ne nneɛma a asɛe akɔ w’ani so.
  • Ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu bere nyinaa wɔ ɔhyew a ɛwɔ w’ani mu anaa nea atwa ho ahyia ho: Ɛsɛ sɛ wosa ɔhyew ketewaa mpo, sɛ ɛba w’ani a ɛbɛn w’ani anaa w’ani so a, ɛsɛ sɛ wosa no yiye. Di mfomso bere nyinaa wɔ ahwɛyiye afã bere a worehwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu no.
  • Mfa wo ho nto asiane mu sɛ wobɛka kar a w’ani apira: Sɛ wowɔ nsakrae bi wɔ w’ani so anaasɛ w’ani so sɛnkyerɛnne biara a wususuw sɛ ebetumi afi opira bi mu aba a, nka kar. Wompɛ sɛ wode wo ho anaa afoforo bɛto asiane mu.

Mɛyɛ dɛn atumi ama m’aniwa a ɛwɔ m’ani so no anya apɔwmuden?

Wubetumi ayɛ saa nneɛma yi de abɔ wo ho ban afi nyarewa ne tebea horow bi ho:

  • Yɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu daa: Eyinom betumi aboa wo ma woahu ɔhaw ahorow a ɛka w’ani (ne w’ani nyinaa) ansa na sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ada adi.
  • Hohoro wo nsa mpɛn pii (bere mpo a womfa wo nsa nka nneɛma a ebetumi ahyɛ w’ani abufuw): Eyi betumi aboa ma mmoawa a wɔmpɛ ankɔ w’ani so.
  • Mfa nneɛma te sɛ aduru a wɔde yɛ wo ho nnkyerɛ afoforo: Sɛ wokyɛ saa nneɛma yi a, ebetumi atrɛw aniwa mu yare mu.
  • Hyɛ, sie, na hwɛ so yiye: Eyi ho hia yiye efisɛ ɛbɔ w’ani ho ban fi nyarewa a emu yɛ den ho. Nyarewa bi betumi ama aniwa asɛe kɛse na mpo aniwa nhu ade daa.
  • Kwati sɛ wobɛka w’ani anaa wobɛpetepete w’ani so: Nea ɛka eyi ho ne w’ani a wode bɛpetepete w’aniwa so. Eyinom betumi asɛe ani no ani anaa ayɛ mmerɛw wɔ wɔnhyɛ da.

Aniwa mu sɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu?

Nsɛnkyerɛnne anaa nsakrae pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea. Eyinom bi ne:

  • Anisoadehu mu nsakrae, a nea ɛka ho ne anisoadehu mmɔho abien, nea ɛyɛ kusuu, ne nea ɛkyinkyim.
  • Anisoadehu a ɛyera mpofirim.
  • Nkate a ɛte sɛ nea biribi wɔ aniwa no mu (sɛ́ wubetumi ahu ade no anaasɛ wuntumi nhu – ebetumi afi ɔhaw a emu nyɛ den so kosi ɛyaw a emu yɛ den a wuntumi nnyina ano so).
  • Ahɔho ade a wubetumi ahu, nanso wuntumi nyi mfi hɔ denam akwan a ɛfata so.
  • Aniwa mu yaw.
  • Aniwa a nsu wom (Epiphora).
  • Hann ho nkate (Photophobia).
  • Aniwa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ anaasɛ ɛyɛ hyew.
  • Sɛ wohu mogya anaa nsuo wɔ w'ani akyi anaa wo mu, nanso ɛwɔ `(Iris)` anaa `(Osuani)` anim anaa akyi a.
  • Sɛ wɔbɔ wo wɔ aniwa no mu tẽẽ anaasɛ atwa aniwa no ho ahyia a.
  • Tokuru, nusu, anaa kuru a wotumi hu wɔ w’ani anaa w’ani so.

Nanso saa nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ yi nni mũ. Sɛ w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa a, di mfomso bere nyinaa wɔ ahwɛyiye afã. Saa a wobɛyɛ no betumi ama nsakrae kɛse aba w’ani a wobɛbɔ ho ban no mu.

Sɛ biribi kɔ w’ani so a, dɛn na woyɛ?

Sɛ wote nka sɛ biribi asɛe w’ani a, mma wo ho nnpopo na home denneennen. Nneɛma pa bi a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne nneɛma bi a ɛnsɛ sɛ woyɛ ni:

Nneɛma pa a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ:

  • Nea edi kan no, fa samina hohoro wo nsa yiye.
  • Bɔ mmɔden sɛ wode nsu pa bɛhohoro w’ani brɛoo. Ma nsu bi nkɔ aniwa no mu.
  • Sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, hwɛ ahwehwɛ mu hwɛ sɛ wubetumi ahu biribi wɔ w’ani mu anaa.
  • Bisa obi foforo ma ɔnhwɛ mma wo.
  • Sɛ ɛyɛ biribi ketewaa bi a, fa w’ani di akɔneaba na fa w’ani hwɛ sɛ n’ankasa bɛkɔ anaa.
  • Sɛ wuntumi nyi mfi hɔ ɔkwan biara so, sɛ w’ani yɛ wo yaw, anaasɛ w’aniwa yɛ kusuu a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara .

Nneɛma a ɛnsɛ sɛ woyɛ:

  • Mfa w’ani ntwitwiw wo ho da! Saa a wobɛyɛ no betumi apia ade no akɔ w’aniwa mu akɔ akyiri anaasɛ asɛe w’aniwa.
  • Mmɔ mmɔden sɛ wode nneɛma a ano yɛ nnam (te sɛ nnua anaa nkankyee) bɛtetew w’ani.
  • Mfa nsa anaa ntama a ɛho agu fĩ nka w’ani.
  • Sɛ w’ankasa wuntumi nyi mfi hɔ a, mmɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛhyɛ no.

So wubetumi ahu ade a wunni ani so?

Dabi, w’aniwa no ne nea ɛma hann kotow na ɛde n’adwene si retina a ɛwɔ w’ani akyi no so. Ɛbɔ w’aniwa afã afoforo a ɛyɛ mmerɛw nso ho ban. Enti, sɛ ɛnyɛ ɛno a, anka w’ani rentumi nhu ade yiye.

Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na ani a asɛe no asa?

W’ani wɔ tumi a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛde sa ne ho yare. Aniwa mu apirakuru nketenkete sa wɔ nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi mu. Apirakuru bi betumi agye nna kakraa bi ansa na ayɛ yiye. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛyɛ soronko anaa nea ɛyɛ soronko mu no, ebetumi agye bere tenten. W’ani duruyɛfo ne onipa a oye sen biara a wo ne no bɛkasa afa bere a ɛfata a wobɛsan anya ahoɔden, ne nea wubetumi ayɛ na ama wo ho atɔ wo no akɔ so yiye sɛnea wubetumi.

W’aniwa no bɔ w’ani no mu ho ban, na ntini ahorow a ɛwɔ awiei ahyɛ mu ma. Sɛ wɔreyɛ adwuma yiye a, ebia wunsusuw wɔn ho mpo. Nanso sɛ biribi ankɔ yiye wɔ wɔn mu biako anaa wɔn baanu nyinaa so a, ebetumi ayɛ den araa ma wuntumi nsusuw biribi foforo biara ho.

Nea eye ne sɛ, w’ani wɔ tumi a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛma ɛsa, na akuru dodow no ara tumi sa wɔ nna kakraa bi mu, ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi mpo. Nanso sɛ woanyɛ nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ mfa nhwɛ wɔn a, ɛno rensi. Sɛ wowɔ ɔhaw bi a ɛka w’ani a, wo ne aniwa ho ɔbenfo nkasa. Afei nso, yɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu daa. Sɛ wohwɛ w’ani so yiye a, ebetumi aboa ma woabɔ w’aniwa mu ho ban na aboa ma woahu ade.

Nea ɛsɛ sɛ yesua fi eyi mu (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, enti nneɛma a ɛho hia paa a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae fi nea yɛaka ho asɛm nnɛ no mu bi ni:

  • Wo ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no yɛ ade a ɛsom bo yiye, a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobɛbɔ w’ani ho ban. Ɛte sɛ kar bi mframa ahwehwɛ.
  • Ɛyɛ layers pii, na emu biara wɔ adwuma pɔtee bi. Sɛ wɔka bom bɔ aniwa no ho ban na ɛboa ma wuhu ade yiye.
  • Ɛnyɛ den sɛ honam ani betumi asɛe, anya ɔyare mmoawa, na ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobenya nyarewa ahorow, enti ɛho hia yiye sɛ wohwɛ so yiye.
  • Wubetumi abɔ wo ho ban denam nneɛma a ɛnyɛ den te sɛ ahobammɔ ahwehwɛ a wobɛhyɛ, wo nsa a wobɛhohoro, ne ahwehwɛ a wode bedi dwuma yiye so.
  • Sɛ wuhu biribi a ɛyɛ soronko wɔ w’ani so (ɛyaw, aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, kɔkɔɔ) a, hwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara. Sɛ wohu no ntɛm a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛsa.
  • Mma wo werɛ mmfi sɛ wobɛyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu daa.

W’ani yɛ agyapade a ɛsom bo sen biara a wowɔ no mu biako, enti ɛyɛ w’asɛyɛde sɛ wobɛhwɛ so yiye.


` Sclera, aniwa akwahosan, aniwa akwahosan, aniwa mu nyarewa, aniwa ahobammɔ, aniwa ntoatoaso, aniwa ayaresa

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Efi bere bɛn na wiase yi wɔ ntoatoaso asia?

Nokwarem no, saa `(Pre-Descemet's layer)` yi na wohuu saa bere tiaa bi a atwam ni. Wotintim nhwehwɛmu krataa a edi kan a ɛfa ho no wɔ afe 2013. Akyinnyegye kakra da so ara wɔ abenfo binom mu sɛ ebia eyi yɛ ɔfa a ɛyɛ soronko, anaasɛ ɛyɛ `(Stroma)` no fã. (Kan no na wosusuw saa, nanso nhwehwɛmu foforo ada no adi sɛ ebia eyi yɛ soronko).

Sɛ biribi kɔ w’ani so a, dɛn na woyɛ?

Sɛ wote nka sɛ biribi asɛe w’ani a, mma wo ho nnpopo na home denneennen. Nneɛma pa bi a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne nneɛma bi a ɛnsɛ sɛ woyɛ ni:

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Wɔnnya nyɛɛ nsɛm biara. Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho wɔ ha nea edi kan.

Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho

Yɛsrɛ wo bu akontaa: 9 + 6 =
So wunim kyɛm ketewaa a ɛwɔ w’ani anim yi ho asɛm? Momma yɛnka ani no ho asɛm!

So wunim kyɛm ketewaa a ɛwɔ w’ani anim yi ho asɛm? Momma yɛnka ani no ho asɛm!

So woasusuw nea saa w’ani fã kurukuruwa a ɛhyerɛn na ɛte sɛ ahwehwɛ no yɛ ho pɛn? Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Ɛte sɛ kyɛm ketewaa bi a ɛbɔ w’ani ho ban. Momma yɛnka ɔfã a ɛyɛ nwonwa yi ho asɛm kakra nnɛ, ɛnte saa?

Dɛn ne ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yi? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, w’aniwa no yɛ ade a emu da hɔ a ɛte sɛ dome a ɛkata w’ani anim. Fa no sɛ ɛte sɛ kar mframa ahwehwɛ. Ɛyɛ nea ɛmma nneɛma te sɛ mfutuma ne mmoawa ntumi nkɔ w’ani so. Ɛho hia nso ma w’anisoadehu. Ɛsan yi UV mframa a epira bi fi mu. So ɛnyɛ nwonwa?

Wo iris no wɔ dan bi a nsu ahyɛ mu ma wɔ w'ani mu (a wɔfrɛ no ``Anterior Chamber``, a nsuo bi a wɔfrɛ no ``Aqueous Humor`` wom) anim pɛɛ. Afei ``Iris`` a ɛma w'ani kɔ ne kɔla, ``Pupil``, na afei lens a ɛwɔ w'ani mu no nso wɔ hɔ. W'aniwa no fã fitaa a atwa wo iris ho ahyia, ``Sclera``.

Nokwarem no, honam ani hwɛbea ne ahobammɔ a edi kan a ɛba w’adwenem. Ɛno nti na ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ akwanhyia nketenkete ne nneɛma sɛe no. Nanso asɛmpa bi wɔ hɔ! Wo honam ani wɔ tumi a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛde siesie ne ho.

Dɛn ne aniwa no mu ntoatoaso?

Fa no sɛ, wɔ akwaa ketewa yi mu no, ntoatoaso asia foforo wɔ hɔ. Layer biara wɔ adwuma titiriw bi. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ?

  • Epithelium: Eyi ne aniwa no akyi fã kɛse. Ɛyɛ adwuma sɛ akwanside wɔ aniwa no mu ne akyi wiase no ntam. Ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse nso wɔ ɛyaw ho. Nhwehwɛmufo ka sɛ ɛwɔ nneɛma a ɛma ɛyaw no dɔɔso sen wo honam ani mmɔho 300 kosi 600! Saa nkate yi bɔ obi ho ban ankasa. Esiane sɛ sɛ biribi asɛe w’ani a, wubetumi ate nka nti, wubetumi asiw ano ntɛm anaa woayi afi hɔ.
  • Bowman’s layer: Eyi yɛ layer a ɛyɛ den a ne fã kɛse no ara yɛ collagen. Ɛma ani no yɛ ne nhyehyɛe na ɛboa ma ɛkɔ so yɛ ne nsusuwii.
  • Stroma: Eyi ne ani no fã a ɛyɛ den sen biara. Ɛsan nso hyɛ aniwa no nhyehyɛe mu den. Ɛboa nso ma hann no kotow (refract) na ɛde n’adwene si wo retina so.
  • Pre-Descemet's layer (PDL): Wɔsan frɛ eyi "Dua's layer". Nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ eyi yɛ ade a mframa ntumi nkɔ mu. Ɛne sɛ, ɛyɛ akwanside a emu yɛ den yiye a ɛda nsu a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu ne mframa a ɛwɔ akyi wiase no ntam.
  • Descemet’s layer: Saa layer yi yɛ tratraa na ɛyɛ mmerɛw, nanso ɛyɛ den ma ɛyɛ nwonwa. Ɛho hia yiye ma aniwa no nhyehyɛe. Ɛboa nso ma ɛbɔ aniwa no ho ban fi opira ne ɔyare mmoawa ho.
  • Endothelium: Saa ɔfa yi titiriw na ɛma nsu a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu ne aniwa no mu no kari pɛ. Ɛsan nso hwɛ hu sɛ stroma no wɔ nsu ne nsu dodow a ɛfata a ehia na ama ayɛ adwuma yiye.

Ɛwom sɛ ɔfa biara wɔ n’ankasa dwumadi de, nanso ahoɔden ankasa a ɛwɔ ahwehwɛ no mu no fi ɔkwan a saa nsensanee yi nyinaa bom yɛ adwuma no mu. Ɛte sɛ "laminate glass" anaa "safety glass" a ɛwɔ kar mframa ahwehwɛ mu. Ɛhɔ na plastic a ɛyɛ tratraa bi wɔ ahwehwɛ abien ntam, ɛnte saa? Saa na ɛte.

Efi bere bɛn na wiase yi wɔ ntoatoaso asia?

Nokwarem no, saa `(Pre-Descemet's layer)` yi na wohuu saa bere tiaa bi a atwam ni. Wotintim nhwehwɛmu krataa a edi kan a ɛfa ho no wɔ afe 2013. Akyinnyegye kakra da so ara wɔ abenfo binom mu sɛ ebia eyi yɛ ɔfa a ɛyɛ soronko, anaasɛ ɛyɛ `(Stroma)` no fã. (Kan no na wosusuw saa, nanso nhwehwɛmu foforo ada no adi sɛ ebia eyi yɛ soronko).

Nanso, mprempren nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ nsonsonoe atitiriw pii wɔ PDL ne stroma no nkae no ntam. Mprempren aniwa ho oprehyɛn ho animdefo susuw PDL no ho (sɛ́ ebia wosusuw sɛ ɛyɛ ade a ɛda nsow anaasɛ ɛnte saa) bere a wɔreyɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wɔbɛyɛ aniwa oprehyɛn no.

Dɛn ne nyarewa a ɛtaa ba a ebetumi aka aniwa no?

Esiane sɛ wo awotwaa yɛ beae a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye nti, ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wubepira, anya ɔyare mmoawa, ne nyarewa afoforo. Nhwɛso kakraa bi ni:

  • Aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw: Nusu ho hia na ama epithelium no atumi ayɛ adwuma yiye. Nusu ma aniwa no nya nsu na ɛboa ma ɛtwe mframa pa fi mframa mu. Aniwa a ayow yɛ yaw na ebetumi asiw aniwa a enhu ade kwan.
  • Nyarewa: Sɛ ani no ani sɛe a, mmoawa – mmoawa, mmoawa, fungi ne mmoawa – betumi de ɔyare mmoawa aba ntɛm. Nhwɛso bi ne ɔyare mmoawa a wɔfrɛ wɔn Acanthamoeba keratitis.
  • Keratitis: Keratitis, anaa ahurututu a ɛyɛ hyew no betumi afi ɔyare mmoawa, opira, ne nyarewa ahorow mu aba.
  • Opira: Te sɛ kar anim ahwehwɛ no, nneɛma a efi akyi ne nsɛm a esisi betumi asɛe w’ani. Eyi betumi ama akisikuru, apaapae, akuru, ne akisikuru. Susuw sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yaw sɛ mfutuma ketewaa bi kɔ w’ani so no ho hwɛ!
  • Nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛsɛe: Wo honam ani yɛ mmerɛw kɛse wɔ ɔhyew ne awɔw a ɛtra so ho. Honam ani hyew (a efi ɔhyew anaa mframa a ano yɛ den mu) taa ba. Nnuru (nsu anaa mframa) nso betumi asɛe ade.
  • Nyarewa a ɛwɔ nhyehyɛe mu `(Dystrophies)`:Nyarewa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛka sɛnea aniwa no yɛ, ɔkwan a ɛfa so bata ani no ho, anaa n’abien nyinaa. Wɔtaa frɛ saa tebea horow yi ``Corneal dystrophies''. Nyarewa a ɛte saa bɛboro aduonu na ɛwɔ hɔ, a ne nhwɛso ne ``Keratoconus'' ne ``Fuchs' dystrophy''.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa aniwa mu tebea horow?

Ayaresa ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a wobetumi de adi dwuma wɔ ɔyare a ɛma obi ho yɛ hyew ho. Ebi ne:

  • Ayaresa a wɔtɔn: Wobetumi de nnuru a ɛnyɛ den a wobetumi atɔ wɔ nnurutɔnbea anaa aguadidan kɛse mu ayi ɔhaw nketenkete te sɛ aniwa a ɛyɛ yaw nketenkete ne aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no afi hɔ.
  • Nnuru: Wobetumi de nnuru asa honam ani yare pii, titiriw ɔyare mmoawa. Eyinom mu pii ba wɔ aduru a wɔde yɛ aduru anaa aniwa mu aduru. Ebi nso wɔ hɔ sɛ nnuru a wɔde di dwuma wɔ ano.
  • Nkatasoɔ anaa ayaresa a wɔhyɛ: Nhwɛsoɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛ ne sɛ wɔde aniwa aduru bɛbɔ aniwa no ho ban na wɔato mu akosi sɛ kuru no bɛsa. Ayaresa a ɛyɛ den kɛse ne scleral lenses, bandage contact lenses, ne amniotic membrane grafts.
  • Laser oprehyɛn: Eyinom yɛ oprehyɛn a wɔde siesie aniwa. Wɔde laser hann di dwuma de sesa sɛnea ani no te na ɛma hann no twe adwene si ɔkwan soronko so. LASIK yɛ oprehyɛn a wɔtaa de laser yɛ.
  • Aniwa oprehyɛn: Oprehyɛn ahorow yi betumi aboa wɔ akwan pii so, titiriw de asiesie aniwa a asɛe na wɔasiesie aniwa tebea horow bi.
  • Aniwa a wɔde si ananmu anaasɛ ani a wɔde yɛ aniwa a wɔde si hɔ: Bere kɔ so no, ebia w’aniwa no bɛyɛ mununkum anaasɛ ɛremma hann no ntumi nsi so yiye. Sɛ ɔhaw ahorow yi mu yɛ den a, ebia ebehia sɛ wɔyɛ wo oprehyɛn de si w’aniwa anim.

Nea ɛho hia: Ayaresa ahorow a ebetumi aboa wɔ aniwa tebea horow ho no gyina nneɛma pii so. Wo tebea pɔtee, w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm, ne w’ankasa wo tebea nyinaa betumi adi dwuma bi. Enti, w’ani ho oduruyɛfo anaa akwahosan ho ɔyaresafo ne onipa a oye sen biara a obesua pii afa ayaresa ahorow a ɛfata wo ho.

Mɛyɛ dɛn atumi abɔ m’aniwa no ho ban afi asiane ho?

Ɔkwan a ɛho hia sen biara a wobɛfa so abɔ w'ani ho ban afi akwanhyia ho ne sɛ wobɛhyɛ ahobammɔ ahwehwɛ anaa ahwehwɛ . Sɛ ɛyɛ bere tiaa bi anaa abien pɛ mpo a, egye sikani kakraa bi ansa na aniwa apira.

Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wohyɛ aniwa ho banbɔ wɔ saa mmere yi mu:

  • Sɛ wode nnwinnade ne mfiri reyɛ adwuma a:Eyi abu so wɔ nsaano nnwinnade a ɛnyɛ den ne anyinam ahoɔden nnwinnade nyinaa mu. Biribi a ɛnyɛ den te sɛ nnua a wɔde sandpaper twitwiw a enni ahobammɔ mpo betumi ama aniwa ayɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ apira a ɛho nhia.
  • Turoyɛ ne turoyɛ: Nhaban nwura, sare a wɔatwitwa, abotan, ne dɔte nyinaa betumi ayɛ asiane ama w’ani bere a woreyɛ adwuma wɔ turo mu anaa gyaade no. Eyi abu so wɔ nnwinnade ne mfiri a ɛboa ma wɔyɛ turo nso ho, te sɛ mfiri a wɔde twa sare, mfiri a wɔde twitwa hama (anaasɛ nea wodi nwura), nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn a wɔde saw, ne nea wɔde bɔ nhaban.
  • Sɛ wode mframa a wɔahyɛ no den anaa nsu redi dwuma a: Nhwɛso abien ne nhyɛso a wɔde hohoro kwan ho anaasɛ wɔde mframa a wɔahyɛ no den di dwuma de yi mfutuma fi kɔmputa anaa ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri foforo mu. Ɛnyɛ den sɛ nhyɛso a ɛwɔ nsɛm abien no nyinaa mu no betumi ama abo nketewa, nneɛma a asɛe, anaa mfutuma abɛyɛ asiane.
  • Sɛ wode nnuru redi dwuma wɔ fie anaa adwumam a: Nnuru a wɔtaa de di dwuma te sɛ bleach ne drain cleaner mpo betumi apetepete w’ani so ntɛm ara, sɛ wohwɛ yiye mpo a.
  • Sɛ woreyɛ adwuma wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn ɔhyew fibea ne ogyaframa a ɛbue a: Ɛyaw a ɛwɔ w’ani so no te ɔhyew nka sen nneɛma a ɛwɔ wo honam ani no. Aniwa ho banbɔ betumi aboa ma woabɔ wo ho ban afi ɔhaw a wusiw anaasɛ wusiw a efi ogya mu sɛe no ho.
  • UV mframa a wobɛma: UV mframa a efi nsu ne mmeae a sukyerɛmma akata so no betumi ahyew w’aniwa. Eyi betumi ama ani a ɛyɛ hyew hyew anaasɛ photokeratitis.
  • Sɛ woredi agumadi a: Aniwa a ɛbɔ wo ho ban betumi abɔ wo ho ban afi nneɛma a ɛtu ho. Eyi fa agumadi te sɛ baseball, tɛnis, hockey, pickleball, ne racquetball ho. Afei nso, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhyɛ aniwa ahwehwɛ bere nyinaa bere a wɔredi agumadi a wɔde wɔn ani asi so (agyan tow, afiri a wɔtow, skeet tuo).

Afotu afoforo a ɛho hia a wɔde besiw akwanhyia ano:

  • Kenkan akwankyerɛ no: Eyi fa mfiri ne nnuru nyinaa ho. Nnuru a wɔde kyerɛw nsɛm bɛkyerɛ wo nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ sɛ ɛkɔ w’ani so a (na sɛ biribiara ankɔ w’ani a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛkenkan nkyerɛwde a wɔakyerɛw so). Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛpɛ sɛ wokɔ adwuma tẽẽ, nanso sɛ wogyina kakra kenkan nea wɔakyerɛw so a, ebetumi ama nsakrae kɛse aba.
  • Fa aniwa ho banbɔ a ɛfata di dwuma: Ahobammɔ ahwehwɛ a ɛwɔ nkyɛnkyɛn anaa kyɛm betumi abɔ wo ho ban afi nneɛma a ɛretu a efi nnipa a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn hɔ no ho. Ahwehwɛ a wɔde plastic ano a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛfata w’anim yiye no ye sen biara a ɛbɛma nnuru ne wusiw ankɔ w’ani so.
  • Hwɛ hu sɛ w’ani ho banbɔ reyɛ adwuma yiye:Mfaso biara nni aniwa a wɔde bɔ wo ho ban ho sɛ ɛmmɔ wo ho ban a. Enti hwɛ hu sɛ w’aniwa ahwehwɛ no fata nea woreyɛ no. Wɔ mmeae a owia hann a ɛdannan pii wɔ hɔ no, hwɛ hu sɛ wo awia ahwehwɛ no wɔ ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ polarized. Wɔyɛ papa wɔ UV mframa a wosiw ano sen ahwehwɛ a wɔde tinted ayɛ kɛkɛ.
  • Hohoro wo nsa bere nyinaa bere a worenoa aduan, de nnwinnade anaa nnuru redi dwuma: Sɛ́ ebia wode nneɛma a emu yɛ den reyɛ adwuma wɔ adididan mu anaasɛ woreyɛ ofie nnwuma no, ɛnyɛ den sɛ nsa a wonhohoro betumi de nnuru, nneɛma nketenkete, ne nneɛma a asɛe akɔ w’ani so.
  • Ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu bere nyinaa wɔ ɔhyew a ɛwɔ w’ani mu anaa nea atwa ho ahyia ho: Ɛsɛ sɛ wosa ɔhyew ketewaa mpo, sɛ ɛba w’ani a ɛbɛn w’ani anaa w’ani so a, ɛsɛ sɛ wosa no yiye. Di mfomso bere nyinaa wɔ ahwɛyiye afã bere a worehwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu no.
  • Mfa wo ho nto asiane mu sɛ wobɛka kar a w’ani apira: Sɛ wowɔ nsakrae bi wɔ w’ani so anaasɛ w’ani so sɛnkyerɛnne biara a wususuw sɛ ebetumi afi opira bi mu aba a, nka kar. Wompɛ sɛ wode wo ho anaa afoforo bɛto asiane mu.

Mɛyɛ dɛn atumi ama m’aniwa a ɛwɔ m’ani so no anya apɔwmuden?

Wubetumi ayɛ saa nneɛma yi de abɔ wo ho ban afi nyarewa ne tebea horow bi ho:

  • Yɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu daa: Eyinom betumi aboa wo ma woahu ɔhaw ahorow a ɛka w’ani (ne w’ani nyinaa) ansa na sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ada adi.
  • Hohoro wo nsa mpɛn pii (bere mpo a womfa wo nsa nka nneɛma a ebetumi ahyɛ w’ani abufuw): Eyi betumi aboa ma mmoawa a wɔmpɛ ankɔ w’ani so.
  • Mfa nneɛma te sɛ aduru a wɔde yɛ wo ho nnkyerɛ afoforo: Sɛ wokyɛ saa nneɛma yi a, ebetumi atrɛw aniwa mu yare mu.
  • Hyɛ, sie, na hwɛ so yiye: Eyi ho hia yiye efisɛ ɛbɔ w’ani ho ban fi nyarewa a emu yɛ den ho. Nyarewa bi betumi ama aniwa asɛe kɛse na mpo aniwa nhu ade daa.
  • Kwati sɛ wobɛka w’ani anaa wobɛpetepete w’ani so: Nea ɛka eyi ho ne w’ani a wode bɛpetepete w’aniwa so. Eyinom betumi asɛe ani no ani anaa ayɛ mmerɛw wɔ wɔnhyɛ da.

Aniwa mu sɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu?

Nsɛnkyerɛnne anaa nsakrae pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea. Eyinom bi ne:

  • Anisoadehu mu nsakrae, a nea ɛka ho ne anisoadehu mmɔho abien, nea ɛyɛ kusuu, ne nea ɛkyinkyim.
  • Anisoadehu a ɛyera mpofirim.
  • Nkate a ɛte sɛ nea biribi wɔ aniwa no mu (sɛ́ wubetumi ahu ade no anaasɛ wuntumi nhu – ebetumi afi ɔhaw a emu nyɛ den so kosi ɛyaw a emu yɛ den a wuntumi nnyina ano so).
  • Ahɔho ade a wubetumi ahu, nanso wuntumi nyi mfi hɔ denam akwan a ɛfata so.
  • Aniwa mu yaw.
  • Aniwa a nsu wom (Epiphora).
  • Hann ho nkate (Photophobia).
  • Aniwa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ anaasɛ ɛyɛ hyew.
  • Sɛ wohu mogya anaa nsuo wɔ w'ani akyi anaa wo mu, nanso ɛwɔ `(Iris)` anaa `(Osuani)` anim anaa akyi a.
  • Sɛ wɔbɔ wo wɔ aniwa no mu tẽẽ anaasɛ atwa aniwa no ho ahyia a.
  • Tokuru, nusu, anaa kuru a wotumi hu wɔ w’ani anaa w’ani so.

Nanso saa nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ yi nni mũ. Sɛ w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa a, di mfomso bere nyinaa wɔ ahwɛyiye afã. Saa a wobɛyɛ no betumi ama nsakrae kɛse aba w’ani a wobɛbɔ ho ban no mu.

Sɛ biribi kɔ w’ani so a, dɛn na woyɛ?

Sɛ wote nka sɛ biribi asɛe w’ani a, mma wo ho nnpopo na home denneennen. Nneɛma pa bi a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne nneɛma bi a ɛnsɛ sɛ woyɛ ni:

Nneɛma pa a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ:

  • Nea edi kan no, fa samina hohoro wo nsa yiye.
  • Bɔ mmɔden sɛ wode nsu pa bɛhohoro w’ani brɛoo. Ma nsu bi nkɔ aniwa no mu.
  • Sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, hwɛ ahwehwɛ mu hwɛ sɛ wubetumi ahu biribi wɔ w’ani mu anaa.
  • Bisa obi foforo ma ɔnhwɛ mma wo.
  • Sɛ ɛyɛ biribi ketewaa bi a, fa w’ani di akɔneaba na fa w’ani hwɛ sɛ n’ankasa bɛkɔ anaa.
  • Sɛ wuntumi nyi mfi hɔ ɔkwan biara so, sɛ w’ani yɛ wo yaw, anaasɛ w’aniwa yɛ kusuu a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara .

Nneɛma a ɛnsɛ sɛ woyɛ:

  • Mfa w’ani ntwitwiw wo ho da! Saa a wobɛyɛ no betumi apia ade no akɔ w’aniwa mu akɔ akyiri anaasɛ asɛe w’aniwa.
  • Mmɔ mmɔden sɛ wode nneɛma a ano yɛ nnam (te sɛ nnua anaa nkankyee) bɛtetew w’ani.
  • Mfa nsa anaa ntama a ɛho agu fĩ nka w’ani.
  • Sɛ w’ankasa wuntumi nyi mfi hɔ a, mmɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛhyɛ no.

So wubetumi ahu ade a wunni ani so?

Dabi, w’aniwa no ne nea ɛma hann kotow na ɛde n’adwene si retina a ɛwɔ w’ani akyi no so. Ɛbɔ w’aniwa afã afoforo a ɛyɛ mmerɛw nso ho ban. Enti, sɛ ɛnyɛ ɛno a, anka w’ani rentumi nhu ade yiye.

Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na ani a asɛe no asa?

W’ani wɔ tumi a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛde sa ne ho yare. Aniwa mu apirakuru nketenkete sa wɔ nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi mu. Apirakuru bi betumi agye nna kakraa bi ansa na ayɛ yiye. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛyɛ soronko anaa nea ɛyɛ soronko mu no, ebetumi agye bere tenten. W’ani duruyɛfo ne onipa a oye sen biara a wo ne no bɛkasa afa bere a ɛfata a wobɛsan anya ahoɔden, ne nea wubetumi ayɛ na ama wo ho atɔ wo no akɔ so yiye sɛnea wubetumi.

W’aniwa no bɔ w’ani no mu ho ban, na ntini ahorow a ɛwɔ awiei ahyɛ mu ma. Sɛ wɔreyɛ adwuma yiye a, ebia wunsusuw wɔn ho mpo. Nanso sɛ biribi ankɔ yiye wɔ wɔn mu biako anaa wɔn baanu nyinaa so a, ebetumi ayɛ den araa ma wuntumi nsusuw biribi foforo biara ho.

Nea eye ne sɛ, w’ani wɔ tumi a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛma ɛsa, na akuru dodow no ara tumi sa wɔ nna kakraa bi mu, ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi mpo. Nanso sɛ woanyɛ nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ mfa nhwɛ wɔn a, ɛno rensi. Sɛ wowɔ ɔhaw bi a ɛka w’ani a, wo ne aniwa ho ɔbenfo nkasa. Afei nso, yɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu daa. Sɛ wohwɛ w’ani so yiye a, ebetumi aboa ma woabɔ w’aniwa mu ho ban na aboa ma woahu ade.

Nea ɛsɛ sɛ yesua fi eyi mu (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, enti nneɛma a ɛho hia paa a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae fi nea yɛaka ho asɛm nnɛ no mu bi ni:

  • Wo ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no yɛ ade a ɛsom bo yiye, a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobɛbɔ w’ani ho ban. Ɛte sɛ kar bi mframa ahwehwɛ.
  • Ɛyɛ layers pii, na emu biara wɔ adwuma pɔtee bi. Sɛ wɔka bom bɔ aniwa no ho ban na ɛboa ma wuhu ade yiye.
  • Ɛnyɛ den sɛ honam ani betumi asɛe, anya ɔyare mmoawa, na ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobenya nyarewa ahorow, enti ɛho hia yiye sɛ wohwɛ so yiye.
  • Wubetumi abɔ wo ho ban denam nneɛma a ɛnyɛ den te sɛ ahobammɔ ahwehwɛ a wobɛhyɛ, wo nsa a wobɛhohoro, ne ahwehwɛ a wode bedi dwuma yiye so.
  • Sɛ wuhu biribi a ɛyɛ soronko wɔ w’ani so (ɛyaw, aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, kɔkɔɔ) a, hwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara. Sɛ wohu no ntɛm a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛsa.
  • Mma wo werɛ mmfi sɛ wobɛyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu daa.

W’ani yɛ agyapade a ɛsom bo sen biara a wowɔ no mu biako, enti ɛyɛ w’asɛyɛde sɛ wobɛhwɛ so yiye.


` Sclera, aniwa akwahosan, aniwa akwahosan, aniwa mu nyarewa, aniwa ahobammɔ, aniwa ntoatoaso, aniwa ayaresa

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Efi bere bɛn na wiase yi wɔ ntoatoaso asia?

Nokwarem no, saa `(Pre-Descemet's layer)` yi na wohuu saa bere tiaa bi a atwam ni. Wotintim nhwehwɛmu krataa a edi kan a ɛfa ho no wɔ afe 2013. Akyinnyegye kakra da so ara wɔ abenfo binom mu sɛ ebia eyi yɛ ɔfa a ɛyɛ soronko, anaasɛ ɛyɛ `(Stroma)` no fã. (Kan no na wosusuw saa, nanso nhwehwɛmu foforo ada no adi sɛ ebia eyi yɛ soronko).

Sɛ biribi kɔ w’ani so a, dɛn na woyɛ?

Sɛ wote nka sɛ biribi asɛe w’ani a, mma wo ho nnpopo na home denneennen. Nneɛma pa bi a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne nneɛma bi a ɛnsɛ sɛ woyɛ ni:

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Wɔnnya nyɛɛ nsɛm biara. Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho wɔ ha nea edi kan.

Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho

Yɛsrɛ wo bu akontaa: 9 + 6 =