So woasusuw ɔkwan pɔtee a mframa kɔ ahurututu mu bere a yɛhome no ho pɛn? Ɛyɛ adwinnade a ɛyɛ nwonwa. Wɔn a wɔyɛ adwuma titiriw wɔ akwantu a ɛho hia yi mu wɔ yɛn ɔhome nhyehyɛe mu no mu biako ne ahurututu mu ntini . Ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka saa ahurututu yi ho asɛm ne sɛnea ɛho hia ma yɛn akwahosan.

Dɛn ne saa ahurututu mu ntini yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, wo ahurututu yɛ nsukorade akɛse abien a ɛde mframa kɔ w’ahurututu mu. Sɛ worehome a, mframa a ɛfa wo hwene anaa w’ano mu no fa wo menewam na ɛsiane wo trachea , a ɛyɛ wo mframa kwan . Saa mframa afiri yi mu paapae mmienu, te se nkyerɛwde Y. Saa nsuo afiri titire mmienu yi na wɔfrɛ no bronchi - baako kɔ benkum ahurututu mu, baako kɔ nifa ahurututu mu. Afei saa nsukorade atitiriw abien yi te sɛ dua nkorabata no mu paapaee yɛɛ nsukorade nketewa mpo wɔ w’ahurututu mu. Eyinom yɛ yɛn ɔhome nhyehyɛe no fã a ɛho hia yiye . Fa no sɛ akwan, a ɛboa mframa ma ɛkɔ mframa kotoku nketenkete (alveoli) a ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu no mu.

Dɛn na ɛto ahurututu no?

Ade a ɛho hia ni. Mframa kwan no dwumadi titiriw ne sɛ ɛde mframa bɛkɔ ahurututu no mu na ɛde mframa afi ahurututu no mu. Ɛte sɛ ɔkwan bi a ɛma kar tumi kɔ anim ne akyi.

Fa no sɛ worehome...

1. Mframa fa ano anaa hwene mu hyɛn mu na ɛfa ahurututu no mu .

2. Afei, mframa hyɛn mframa kwan atitiriw abien, nifa ne benkum, a ɛnam saa ahurututu yi mu mpaapaemu so na ɛba no mu.

3. Saa ahurututu yi mu paapae yɛ no ntini nketenkete, na awiei koraa no, mframa no fa ntini nketenkete a wɔfrɛ no ahurututu mu no mu kɔ ntini a ɛwɔ ahurututu no mu no mu. Ɛhɔ na wɔde oxygen ka wo mogya ho.

Afei nso, bere a wɔde oxygen ka mogya no ho no, mframa bɔne a wɔmpɛ a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no san kɔ mframa kotoku no mu. Sɛ wohome a, mframa bɔne yi san fa ahurututu, ahurututu, ne ahurututu mu na ɛsan fa w’anom anaa wo hwene mu.

Nea ɛho hia: Wɔde ade bi a wɔfrɛ no mucus ahyɛ mframa kwan no mu. Saa nsuo yi ma mframa a ɛkɔ mu no yɛ nwini na ɛkyere nneɛma a epira te sɛ mmoawa ne mfutuma wɔ mframa mu. Nea ɛka ho no, nneɛma nketenkete bi a ɛte sɛ nhwi a wɔfrɛ no cilia wɔ mframa kwan no mu. Eyinom yɛ adwuma te sɛ mpopaho na wɔpia mmoawa ne mfutuma a wɔakyere no kɔ menewa no akyi. Ɛno na yɛfefe anaa yɛfefe na wɔpue. So ɛnyɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ nwonwa a wɔde bɔ wɔn ho ban?

Ɛhe na ahurututu no wɔ?

Wo trachea no wɔ wo koko mu, w’ahurututu mu, a wo mpampam abɔ ho ban. Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, eyinom ne ntini a ɛwɔ wo mframa mu (Ahurututu no bata ahurututu no ase awiei. Wofi ase sɛ ntini akɛse, na wɔde nkakrankakra kyekyɛ mu yɛ nkorabata nketewa, na awiei koraa no wɔyɛ nkorabata kɔ ahurututu nketenkete a ɛsen biara no mu .

Dɛn ne ahurututu no afã horow?

Ɔhome kwan no nyɛ nsukorade biako pɛ. Wobetumi akyekyɛ mu ayɛ no afã atitiriw abiɛsa, te sɛ ɔkwan bi a wɔakyekyɛ mu ayɛ no akwan akɛse ne akwan a ɛwɔ nkyɛnkyɛn.

• Primary/Main Bronchi: Eyinom ne ahurututu akɛse abien a edi kan – ahurututu nifa ne benkum. Eyinom ne nea ɛne ahurututu (bronchi ) no di nkitaho tẽẽ. Eyinom ne ahurututu no fã a ɛtrɛw sen biara.
• Secondary/Lobular Bronchi: Eyinom ne ntini a efi ahurututu titiriw no mu fi ahurututu no mu na ɛkɔ ahurututu no mu ntini ahorow no mu. So wunim sɛ ahurututu nifa wɔ ntini abiɛsa na ahurututu benkum wɔ ntini abien? Saa ahurututu a ɛto so abien yi kɔ saa ntini no mu biara mu.
• Tertiary/Segmental Bronchi: Eyinom yɛ ntini nketenkete a ɛyɛ nkorabata kɔ afã nketenkete wɔ ahurututu no mu. Eyinom akyi no, ahurututu nketenkete mpo fi ase.

Fa no sɛ ɛyɛ ɔkwan bi. Ɛte sɛ nea wodane wo ho fi ɔkwan kɛse no so (Primary) kɔ ɔkwan a ɛto so abien so (Secondary), na afei wokɔ ɔkwan ketewa foforo so (Tertiary).

Dɛn ne ahurututu no nhyehyɛe?

Mframa kwan no yɛ ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ne ntini a ɛyɛ den a wɔfrɛ no cartilage a atwa ho ahyia. Saa ntini yi ma mframa kwan no nya ahoɔden pa na ɛmma ɛnhwe ase bere a mframa fa mu no. Mframa akwan atitiriw no wɔ nnompe nkaa . Nanso esiane sɛ mframa kwan a ɛto so abien ne abiɛsa no sua nti, ntini nketenkete nkutoo na ɛwɔ mu. Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, eyinom wɔ mucus membranes ne cilia wɔ mu.

Wɔfrɛ saa ahurututu, ahurututu, ne ahurututu nhyehyɛe yi nyinaa tracheobronchial dua , a ɛkyerɛ “ahurututu mu dua.” Efisɛ ɛte sɛ dua a ɛdannan ne ho. Ahurututu no te sɛ dua no dua, na ahurututu no te sɛ nkorabata.

Dɛn ne nyarewa a ɛka ahurututu no?

Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, yɛn home kwan no nso tumi nya nyarewa ahorow. Ebia woate eyinom bi ho asɛm.

• Akisikuru: Eyi yɛ tebea a mframa kwan no mu yɛ hyew bere nyinaa, na ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛhome.
• Bronchiectasis: Wɔ tebea yi mu no, mframa kwan no trɛw, ɛsɛe, na ɛyɛ kotoku a ɛboaboa nsu ano.
• Bronchitis: Mframa kwan a ɛyɛ hyew. Eyi betumi ayɛ bere tiaa mu (acute) anaa bere tenten (a enni sabea).
• Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Eyi yɛ ɔhome mu haw a ebetumi aba nkokoaa a wɔawo wɔn foforo mu. Ɛba bere a ahurututu no nnyin yiye no.
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Eyi yɛ nyarewa a ɛma obi ho hyehye no kuw bi a ɛka ahurututu no, na esiw mframa kwan no na ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome.
• Cystic Fibrosis (CF): Eyi yɛ awosu mu yare a ɛma nsu a ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ nnam boaboa ano wɔ mframa kwan no mu.

Dɛn ne ɔhome mu haw ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba?

Sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ wo mframa kwan no mu a, wubetumi anya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ eyinom:

• Ɔfe (ebia ɛyɛ ɔfe a ɛkɔ so daa) .
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den (te sɛ ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa) .
• Ahomegye a ɛyɛ hu
• Mogya a ɛretu ne nsu a ɛyɛ nwini
• Koko a ɛyɛ den, te nka sɛ ɛyɛ den
• Ɔbrɛ a ɛtaa ba
• Ɔhome mu nyarewa a ɛtaa ba (e.g. ahurututu mu yare, ahurututu mu yare) .

Dɛn ne nhwehwɛmu ahorow a ɛhwɛ sɛnea ahurututu no akwahosan te?

Ɛdenam wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne so no, oduruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow mfa nhwɛ sɛnea wo mframa kwan ne w’ahurututu no te.

• Spirometry: Eyi ne ahurututu mu dwumadi ho nhwehwɛmu a wɔtaa yɛ. Ɛkyerɛ mframa dodow a wubetumi akura w’ahurututu mu ne sɛnea wubetumi ahome ntɛmntɛm.
• Bronchoscopy: Wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu no, oduruyɛfo no de afiri ketewaa bi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (a mfoninitwa afiri abata ho) fa ano anaa hwene mu de hwɛ mframa kwan no mu.
• CT Scan: Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔde kɔmputa ne X-ray soronko di dwuma de yɛ ahurututu no ho mfonini a ɛkɔ akyiri.
• Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS): Eyi te sɛ bronchoscopy , nanso ɛde ultrasound mfiridwuma di dwuma de boa ma wohu ɔfe anaa kokoram wɔ mframa kwan no mu.
• Exhaled Nitric Oxide Test: Eyi kyerɛ nitric oxide dodow a wobɛhome. Eyi betumi akyerɛ nnuruyɛfo sɛ wowɔ ɔfe wɔ wo mframa kwan mu a.

Dɛn ne ayaresa a wɔtaa de sa nyarewa a ɛka ahurututu no?

Ayaresa a wubetumi apaw no gyina tebea a ɛka wo mframa kwan no so. Ayaresa a wɔtaa de di dwuma no bi ni:

• Nnuru a Wɔhome: Nnuru te sɛ ahurututu mu trɛw ne steroid tew ɔfe a ɛwɔ mframa kwan no mu so, na ɛtrɛw na ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔbɛhome. Wobetumi de eyinom ama denam afiri a wɔde home anaasɛ nebulizer so.Wubetumi de ahyɛ nsu mu na woama ayɛ hyew.
• Oxygen Therapy: Sɛ worennya oxygen a ɛdɔɔso a, ebia ebehia sɛ wɔma wo oxygen fi abɔnten.
• Ahurututu mu Nsiesiei: Eyi yɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ne nkyerɛkyerɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛboa ma ahurututu no mu yɛ den na edi ahurututu mu yare ho dwuma.
• Nnuru a Wɔnom: Wobetumi akyerɛw nnuru te sɛ steroid anaa nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa sɛ wɔnnom da biara da anaa bere a ɔyare mmoawa bi aba anaasɛ yare no mu ayɛ den no.
• Positive Airway Pressure Therapy: Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ fa CPAP anaa BiPAP® afiri di dwuma. Eyi boa ma wo mframa kwan no bue.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ama me ahurututu mu ntini ayɛ yiye?

Nneɛma bi a wubetumi ayɛ na ama wo home nhyehyɛe nyinaa anya apɔwmuden, ɛnyɛ wo mframa kwan nkutoo ni:

• Kwati sigaretnom ne vaping. Eyi ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara.
• Kwati sɛ wobɛhome wusiw a wɔde adi dwuma.
• Ma wo fie ho ntew na sesa mframa a wɔde yiyi nneɛma mu daa.
• Yɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ daa na ama wo koma ne w’ahurututu mu ayɛ den.
• Tew mframa a wɔsɛe no so sɛnea wubetumi biara.
• Sɛ wotaa nya mfutuma, nneɛma a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo hyew, anaa nnuru wusiw a, fa nneɛma a ɛbɔ wo ho ban te sɛ anim akataso di dwuma.
• Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na woabɔ wo ho ban afi ɔhome mu nyarewa ho no, hohoro wo nsa mpɛn pii, kwati mmeae a nnipa ahyɛ hɔ ma wɔ atiridii bere mu, na nya nnuru a wɔkamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa nnuru nhyɛ mu.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wofe a ɛkɔ so daa anaasɛ wote nka sɛ worehyia ɔhaw wɔ ahome mu a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

Afei nso, sɛ wunya ɔhome mu haw ho sɛnkyerɛnne a edidi so yi mu biara , ɛsɛ sɛ wofrɛ 1990 ntɛm ara anaasɛ wokɔ ayaresabea dwumadibea a ɛhwɛ ntɛmpɛ a ɛbɛn wo no nkyɛn:

• Anofafa, honam ani, anaa nnadewa kɔla yɛ bruu, fitaa, anaa ɛyɛ mmerɛw (Cyanosis) .
• Chest Retractions (ɛte sɛ nea wo koko rekɔ mu bere a worehome) .
• Ahome a wɔhome ntɛmntɛm a ntease pɔtee biara nni ho
• Hwene mu ntini a ɛho ahonhon (esiane ahome a ɛyɛ den nti) .
• Fifiri a ɛba a nipadua mu hyew nkɔ soro
• Ahomegye a ɛyɛ hu

Kae: Wo mframa kwan no wɔ asɛyɛde titiriw sɛ ɛde mframa kɔ w’ahurututu mu. Wo nipadua no de saa mframa yi di dwuma de nya mframa pa a ehia na ama watumi atra ase. Bere koro no ara mu no, wo mframa kwan no ma mframa no yɛ nwini, na ɛbɔ wo ho ban fi mmoawa ne nneɛma afoforo a ebetumi apira wo ho.

Nea etwa to no, kae eyi.

Enti, afei woate sɛnea ahurututu no ho hia wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no ase. Sɛ wɔsɛe anaasɛ wɔn ho yɛ hyew a, nyarewa te sɛ ahurututu mu yare ne COPD betumi aba. Enti, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a w’ahurututu bɛkɔ so ayɛ papa no, kwati sigaretnom koraa na nhome biribiara a epira w’ahurututu. Hwɛ wo home yiye! Efisɛ ɔhome pa ne ade titiriw a ɛma obi nya asetra pa.

` Ahurututu, ahurututu, ɔhome, ɔhome nhyehyɛe, ayamtu, ahurututu mu yare, ahurututu a ɛte apɔw