So woate nka pɛn sɛ akisikuru anaa ahuru wɔ wo kɔn anim? Ebia wuhui bere a wohwɛɛ ahwehwɛ mu no, anaasɛ obi foforo kaa ho asɛm kyerɛɛ wo. Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu nka kakra bere a wuhu biribi a ɛte sɛɛ no. Nanso ɛwom sɛ nnipa pii suro eyi de, nanso eyi taa betumi ayɛ tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no ‘Goiter’. Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka eyi ho asɛm tiawa koraa, wɔ ɔkwan a wubetumi ate ase so.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne goiter?
Goiter yɛ wo thyroid ntini a ɛtrɛw. Fa no sɛ, wɔ yɛn kɔn anim, wɔ Adam apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ no ase pɛɛ no, ntini ketewaa bi a ɛte sɛ ntontom wɔ hɔ. Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no thyroid gland .
Saa ntini ketewaa yi yɛ nkwaadɔm abien a ɛho hia paa ma yɛn nipadua. Wɔn ne thyroxine (T4) ne triiodothyronine (T3). Saa nkwaadɔm yi di nneɛma pii so wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Te sɛ kar engine no ara pɛ.
- Metabolism: Eyi ne sɛnea aduan a yedi no dan ahoɔden.
- Nipadua mu hyew: Ɛma yɛn nipadua mu hyew yɛ adwuma yiye.
- Adwene: Ɛka yɛn adwene, anigye, ne abufuw.
- Koma a ɛbɔ: Ɛhwɛ sɛnea yɛn koma bɔ ntɛmntɛm no so.
- Digestion: Ɛboa yɛn ma yɛyam aduan a yedi no.
Enti, sɛ biribi nti thyroid gland no hohoro anaasɛ ɛyɛ kɛse a, yɛfrɛ saa tebea no ‘goiter’. Eyi betumi ayɛ akisikuru anaa ntini a ɛwɔ ntini no mu.
Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ ɛnyɛ goiters nyinaa na ɛma thyroid hormone dodow yɛ nea ɛnteɛ. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ntini no betumi ayɛ kɛse bere mpo a hormone dodow yɛ nea ɛfata no.
Dɛn ne goiter ahorow?
Nnuruyɛfo kyekyɛ goiters mu wɔ akwan horow pii so. Biako ne sɛnea ɛhonhon. Ɔfoforo no nso gyina thyroid hormone dodow so. Momma yɛnhwɛ eyinom abien no nyinaa mu tiawa.
Nkyekyɛmu mu sɛnea ɔfe no ko
| Goiter no su | Nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɛnyɛ den |
|---|---|
| Goiter a ɛnyɛ den (a ɛtrɛw). | Nea ɛba wɔ asɛm yi mu ne sɛ thyroid ntini no nyinaa hohoro wɔ ɔkwan koro no ara so. Sɛ wode wo nsa ka kɔn no a, ɛte sɛ nea ɛho ahonhon brɛoo. |
| Nodular goiter a ɛma obi ho yɛ hyew | Wɔ eyi mu no, akisikuru (nodule) a ɛyɛ den anaa nsu ahyɛ mu ma ba wɔ thyroid ntini no mu. Enti, sɛ woka kɔn no a, wote nka sɛ akisikuru. |
| Multinodular goiter a ɛwɔ ntini pii mu | Eyi ma akuru (nodules) pii ba ntini no mu. Wotumi hu ebinom fi abɔnten, bere a wotumi hu afoforo bere a oduruyɛfo reyɛ nhwehwɛmu anaa scan nkutoo. |
Wɔkyekyɛ mu sɛnea thyroid hormone dodow te
- Toxic goiter: Wɔ eyi mu no, thyroid ntini no trɛw na ɛma thyroid hormone pii ba sen sɛnea ɛho hia . Wɔsan frɛ eyi `Hyperthyroidism`.
- Goiter a awuduru nnim: Wɔ eyi mu no, ɛwom sɛ thyroid ntini no ayɛ kɛse de, nanso hormone dodow no yɛ nea ɛfata . Ɛne sɛ, nkɔanim (`Hyperthyroidism`) anaasɛ ɛso tew (`Hypothyroidism`) nni hormone ahorow mu.
Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse sɛ obenya saa tebea yi?
Obiara betumi anya goiter, nanso nnipa binom wɔ asiane kɛse mu.
- Wɔ mmea fam no: Mmea taa nya goiter bɛyɛ mpɛn anan sen mmarima.
- Mfe: Asiane yi kɔ soro wɔ mfe 40 akyi.
- Abusua abakɔsɛm: Sɛ obi wɔ w’abusua mu wɔ thyroid yare a, ɛda adi sɛ wo nso wubenya bi.
- Akwahosan tebea afoforo: Nnipa a wɔwɔ tebea horow te sɛ kɛseyɛ mmoroso ne insulin a wɔko tia nso wɔ asiane kɛse mu.
- Mframa a ɛma obi nya mframa: Sɛ wɔde mframa a ano yɛ den ahyɛ kɔn anaa ne ti fã hɔ de ayɛ ayaresa a, ɛno nso yɛ asiane.
Ade titiriw a ɛde goiter ba wɔ wiase nyinaa ne iodine a enni nipadua no mu . Nanso, wɔ aman te sɛ Sri Lanka mu no, esiane sɛ yɛde iodine ka nkyene a yɛde di dwuma no ho nti, mprempren saa ade a ɛde ba no ntaa mma.
Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya goiter?
Goiter kɛse betumi afi nketewa a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wontumi nhu so kosi goiter akɛse a wotumi hu so. Mpɛn pii no, goiters nyɛ yaw. Nanso, sɛ thyroid gland (thyroiditis) a ɛyɛ hyew ka ho a, ebetumi ayɛ yaw.
Ma yɛnhwɛ nea ɛwɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no wɔ pon a ɛwɔ ase ha no so.
| Nsɛnkyerɛnne no fã | Nneɛma a wotumi hu |
|---|---|
| Nsɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw | |
| Kɔn a ɛho ahonhon | Akuru anaa ɔfe a ɛda adi wɔ kɔn no anim, wɔ ahurututu no ase. |
| Menemkuro | Sɛ wote nka te sɛ nea wo menewa mu ayɛ den, te sɛ krataa a ɛreyɛ den. |
| Ɛnne a ɛsakra | Hoarseness, ɛnne a ɛyera a emu da hɔ. |
| Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛntaa nsi | Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den, ɔfe, ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛmene, ɔtotɔ piti bere a ɔma ne nsa so no. |
| Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya hyperthyroidism | |
| Koma a ɛbɔ | Koma a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm (Tachycardia). |
| Mu duru a ɛso tew | Wo mu duru a ɛso tew a ntease biara nnim, ɛwom mpo sɛ wudi yiye de. |
| Nneɛma afoforo a ɛwom | Fifiri a ɛyɛ den sen sɛnea ɛtaa ba, nsu a wɔtaa tow, nsa a ɛwosow, ne ahomegye a enni hɔ. |
| Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya hypothyroidism | |
| Nipadua mu ɔbrɛ | Ɔbrɛ ne nna a obi da bere nyinaa. |
| Mu duru a ɛkɔ soro | Mu duru a ɛkɔ soro a ntease biara nnim, ɛwom mpo sɛ wudi w’aduan so de. |
| Nneɛma afoforo a ɛwom | Akisikuru, honam ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, brayɛ a ɛnkɔ so daa wɔ mmea mu. |
Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛde goiter ba?
Goiter yɛ nhyɛso a ɛba thyroid ntini no so ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Ebetumi de nneɛma pii aba.
- Iodine a enni nipadua mu: Eyi ne ade titiriw a ɛde ba wɔ wiase. Iodine ho hia ma thyroid hormone ahorow a wɔyɛ. Sɛ woannya iodine a ɛdɔɔso mfi w’aduan mu a, ntini no bɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛma nkwammoaa pii, anyin, na ɔkwan bi so no, ayɛ hormone ahorow no.
- Graves yareɛ: Eyi yɛ `autoimmune` tebea. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ yɛn nipadua no ankasa nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no tow hyɛ yɛn thyroid ntini no so. Eyi ma ntini no kanyan dodo, ɛyɛ kɛse, na ɛyɛ hormone pii (`Hyperthyroidism`).
- Hashimoto yareɛ: Eyi nso yɛ `autoimmune` tebea. Wɔ saa tebea yi mu no, nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no tow hyɛ ntini no so ma ɛyɛ hyew. Bere kɔ so no, ntini no dwumadi sɛe na ɛmma hormone a ɛnnɔɔso (`Hypothyroidism`). Ebia ntini no ahonhon de atua ka.
- Thyroid kokoram: Thyroid kokoram nso betumi ama ntini no ayɛ kɛse. Nanso, ɛnyɛ goiters nyinaa na wonya kokoram . Aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu ho hia na ama wɔahu no yiye.
- Nyinsɛn: Thyroid ntini no betumi ayɛ kɛse kakra esiane hormone ``Human chorionic gonadotropin`` (HCG), a ɛba bere a wɔyem no nti.
- Thyroiditis: Ntini no betumi ayɛ hyew na ahonhon esiane nneɛma ahorow nti.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo no hu sɛ eyi yɛ goiter?
Sɛ wowɔ akisikuru wɔ wo kɔn mu a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn . Oduruyɛfo no bɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi de ahu sɛ ebia ɛyɛ goiter ne nea ɛde ba anaa.
1. Nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu: Nea edi kan no, oduruyɛfo no bɛte wo kɔn mu de ahwɛ sɛ wo kɔn hohoro, akuru, ne ɛyaw anaa.
2. 2. .Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Eyinom susuw thyroid hormone (T3, T4) ne TSH dodow. Eyi betumi akyerɛ sɛ ntini no reyɛ adwuma yiye ne sɛ hormone no dɔɔso dodo anaasɛ ɛsua dodo.
3. Thyroid Ultrasound Scan: Te sɛ akokoaa scan no, eyi hwɛ ntini a ɛwɔ kɔn no mu. Etumi hu pefee sɛnea ntini no kɛse te, sɛ akisikuru bi wɔ hɔ a, ne sɛ ebia akuru no yɛ den anaasɛ ɛyɛ nsu.
4. Biopsy: Sɛ scan no kyerɛ sɛ akisikuru kɛse anaa nea ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ bi wɔ hɔ a, oduruyɛfo no de ade bedi dwuma de ayi nkwammoaa ketewaa bi afi akuru no mu na ɔde akɔma afiri a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu akɔhwɛ sɛ ebia kokoram nkwammoaa wɔ hɔ anaa. Wɔyɛ eyi de yi kokoram biara a ebetumi aba no afi hɔ.
5. CT anaa MRI scan: Sɛ goiter no sõ yiye, anaasɛ adwenem naayɛ bi wɔ hɔ sɛ anyin akɔ koko no mu a, wobetumi ayɛ saa scan yi nso.
Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa goiter?
Ayaresa no gyina sɛnea goiter no kɛse te, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a wowɔ, ne nea ɛde ba so.
- Twɛn a wobɛwɛn: Sɛ goiter no sua, wunhyia ɔhaw biara, na wo hormone dodow yɛ nea ɛfata a, ebia wo duruyɛfo besi gyinae sɛ ɔbɛhwɛ wo bere pɔtee bi a ɔrennya ayaresa biara.
- Nnuru ahorow a wɔde di dwuma:
- Sɛ hormone dodow sua ( Hypothyroidism ), wɔkyerɛw hormone nnuru te sɛ `Levothyroxine' sɛ wɔnnom da biara da.
- Sɛ hormone dodow dɔɔso ( hyperthyroidism ) a, wɔkyerɛw nnuru te sɛ Methimazole na ama hormone a wɔyɛ no so atew.
- Sɛ ntini no mu ɔfe na ɛde goiter no ba a, wobetumi ama nnuru a wɔde kum ɛyaw anaa corticosteroid.
- Radioactive iodine therapy: Eyi yɛ aduru a wɔde sa hyperthyroidism. Wofa nsu anaa iodine a ɛyɛ radioactive capsule bi a ɛkɔ thyroid ntini no mu, na ɛsɛe nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ adwuma boro so a ɛwɔ hɔ no na ɛma ntini no so tew.
- Oprehyɛn (Oprehyɛn - Thyroidectomy):
- Sɛ goiter no sõ yiye na ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome anaa wobɛmene a.
- Sɛ wosi so dua sɛ ɛyɛ kokoram a.
- Sɛ ɔhaw kɛse bi wɔ sɛnea obi te ho a.
Wɔ tebea horow yi mu no, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ oprehyɛn nyi ntini no fã bi anaa ne nyinaa. Sɛ woyi ntini no fi hɔ koraa a, ɛsɛ sɛ wonom thyroid hormone nnuru wo nkwa nna nyinaa.
Nea ɛho hia paa ne sɛ oduruyɛfo a ɔhwɛ wo mu no na obesi ayaresa a eye ma wo ho gyinae. Enti mfa wo ho ntoto afoforo suahu ho.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Sɛ wuhu sɛ wo kɔn mu ahonhon anaa akuru bi agu a, mmu w’ani ngu so. Ebetumi ayɛ akisikuru a ɛma obi ho kyere no.
- Ɛho nhia sɛ wobɔ hu bere a wuhu sɛ obi anya goiter no. Goiters dodow no ara nyɛ kokoram.
- Ɛmfa ho nea enti a ɛte saa no, ɛho hia paa sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn na woahu yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ.
- Ayaresa no gyina wo tebea no so. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebia ayaresa biara ho nhia.
- Sɛ wunim sɛ wowɔ goiter a, kɔ nhwehwɛmu ahorow a wɔayɛ ho nhyehyɛe no sɛnea wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo no.
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