Dɛn ankasa ne kokoram a wɔde hyɛ gyinabea? Hwɛ eyi na woate nea nnuruyɛfo ka ase!

Yɛn mu pii suro bere a yɛte asɛmfua kokoram no, ɛnte saa? Ɛtaa ba paa. Nea ɛsen saa no, sɛ nnuruyɛfo ka kokoram no fã ho asɛm na wɔde saa nkyerɛwde ne nɔma ahorow no di dwuma saa a, ɛma wususuw sɛ, ‘Dɛn koraa na eyi kyerɛ?’ Ebia wo nso woate nka saa ara. Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo. Ɛnnɛ, wɔ asɛm yi mu no, yɛbɛka nea kokoram gyinabea yɛ, sɛnea nnuruyɛfo hu, ne sɛnea ɛka w’ayaresa no ho asɛm.

Dɛn nti na nnuruyɛfo hwehwɛ kokoram a ebetumi aba saa?

Fa no sɛ, sɛ wo ho yɛ wo hyew a, oduruyɛfo no di kan hwɛ nea enti a wo ho yɛ wo yaw ne sɛnea emu yɛ den no. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ wode paracetamol ma kɛkɛ a, ɛremmoa. Saa ara na ɛte wɔ kokoram ho. Kokoram yɛ yare a emu yɛ den yiye. Ɔkwan a ɛfa so nyin na ɛtrɛw no yɛ soronko ma onipa biara. Enti, nnuruyɛfo kuw bi bom si ayaresa a eye sen biara ma wo ho gyinae. Sɛ wonim kokoram no fã pɔtee a, wɔn nyinaa betumi anya wo tebea no ho adwene a emu da hɔ. Ɛte sɛ nea obiara ka kasa koro.

Ade foforo nso ne sɛ kokoram ayaresa resakra da biara da. Nanso, sɛ wosi sɛnea wɔbɛyɛ staging nhyehyɛe no ho gyinae pɛ a, ɛnsakra kɛse. Enti, sɛ ayaresa foforo ba mpo a, wo kokoram no fã a edi kan no ne nea wubegyina so ayɛ w’ayaresa no akɔ w’anim.

Mpɛn pii no, ade a edi kan a obi a ɔwɔ kokoram pɛ sɛ ohu ne sɛ, ‘Dɛn na edi hɔ ma me? So eyi bɛyɛ nea wobetumi asa?’ Ɛno na wɔfrɛ no nkɔmhyɛ . Sɛ nnuruyɛfo nim kokoram no fã pɔtee a, wobetumi de atoto ayarefo a wɔanya kokoram a ɛte saa bere bi a atwam no suahu ho na wɔama wo nsusuwii bi.

Afei nso, saa hokwan ahorow yi ho hia yiye ma ayaresabea sɔhwɛ ne nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hwehwɛ kokoram nnuru ne ayaresa foforo. Nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi de nnipa a wɔwɔ kokoram koro no ara di dwuma bere koro mu nkutoo. Enti sɛ w’ani gye ho sɛ wode wo ho bɛhyɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛte saa mu a, wo kokoram fã no na ɛbɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia wobetumi apaw wo ama no anaasɛ wɔrenpaw wo.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu baabi a kokoram yi wɔ?

Nnuruyɛfo susuw nneɛma atitiriw pii ho bere a wɔrekyerɛ kokoram no:

• Akisikuru no kɛse ne sɛnea ɛrenyin.
• Tumor beae.
• Sɛ́ ebia kokoram no atrɛw akɔ akyiri sen baabi a edii kan fii ase anaa.

Ɛsono akwan horow a wɔfa so hu saa nneɛma yi. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ.

Kokoram nsɛm: denam akisikuru kɛse ne ne nyin so

Wɔ kokoram ahorow dodow no ara ho no, nnuruyɛfo de nɔma nhyehyɛe bi di dwuma de ka nea ɛbɛba daakye kyerɛ wɔn. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛte sɛ eyi:

• Kokoram a ɛto so 0: Eyi ne bere a nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ wɔ hɔ, nanso ɛntrɛw nsen baabi a wodii kan fii ase no. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔfrɛ eyinom nkwammoaa a edi kokoram anim . Mpɛn pii no, wobetumi asa kokoram a ɛto so 0 no koraa.Fa no sɛ afifide ketewaa bi da so ara wɔ kuku ketewa bi mu, a ennya nnyaa ntini.
• Stage I (1) (Stage I cancer): Ɛha yi, kokoram no sua na ɛwɔ baabi biako. Ɛntrɛw nkɔ ntini a ɛbɛn anaa nipadua no afã afoforo.
• Ɔfã II (2) (Kokoram Ɔfã II): Akisikuru no anyin kakra na ebia atrɛw akɔ ntini a ɛbɛn hɔ mu.
• Ɔfã III (3) (Kokoram Ɔfã III): Akisikuru no ayɛ kɛse na akɔhyɛn ntini a atwa ho ahyia no mu. Ɛda adi kɛse nso sɛ atrɛw akɔ ntini a ɛbɛn hɔ mu.
• Ɔfã IV (4) (Stage IV kokoram): Eyi ne ɔfã a emu yɛ den sen biara. Kokoram no atrɛw akɔ akyiri sen baabi a na ɛwɔ mfiase no na akɔ nipadua no afã horow a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri . Wɔsan frɛ eyi kokoram a ɛtrɛw kɔ mmeae afoforo . Ɛte sɛ afifide a ɛrenyin kɛse, na mframa bɔ n’aba na afifide foforo nyin wɔ turo no mu nyinaa.

Nnuruyɛfo ntaa mfa nkyekyɛmu bi a wɔfrɛ no stage V (5) nni dwuma. Nhwɛso biako ne Wilms akisikuru . Eyi yɛ asaabo mu kokoram bi a ɛba mmofra nkumaa so. Stage 5 Wilms tumor kyerɛ sɛ asaabo abien no nyinaa aka.

Dɛn na A, B, C, ne D kyerɛ wɔ kokoram ho?

Ɛtɔ da bi a, ebia woahu nnuruyɛfo sɛ wɔkyerɛw nkyerɛwde te sɛ A, B, C, D ka nɔma no ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia wo kokoram ho ɔyaresafo bɛka sɛ wowɔ kokoram a ɛwɔ stage IIA (2A), anaa stage IIIB (3B). Saa nkrataa yi de wo tebea no ho nsɛm kakra ka ho.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nkyerɛwde A kyerɛ kokoram a ɛtrɛw brɛoo kakra (Les aggressive) . Nkyerɛwde D kyerɛ kokoram a ɛtrɛw ntɛmntɛm kakra (More aggressive) wɔ saa dodow no mu . Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ, IIA kokoram trɛw nkakrankakra sen IIB kokoram. Nanso IIIA kokoram trɛw ntɛmntɛm sen IIB kokoram. Ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ basaa kakra? Wubetumi akyerɛkyerɛ eyi mu bere a wo ne wo duruyɛfo rekasa no.

Kokoram nsɛm: egyina beae a obi wɔ so

Nnuruyɛfo nso ka hokwan ahorow a egyina baabi a kokoram no wɔ so ho asɛm:

• In situ: Eyi te sɛ stage 0 cancer a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no. Nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so anaasɛ kokoram wɔ hɔ, nanso ɛntrɛw.
• Beae: Kokoram nkwammoaa wɔ hɔ, nanso ɛntrɛw nsen akisikuru titiriw no.
• Mpɔtam: Kokoram nkwammoaa atrɛw afi akisikuru a edi kan no mu akɔ ntini, ntini a ɛma mogya tu, anaa akwaa a ɛbɛn hɔ no mu.
• Akyirikyiri: Kokoram nkwammoaa atrɛw akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo a ɛne mfitiase akisikuru no ntam kwan ware.
• Wonnim: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nsɛm a ɛdɔɔso nni hɔ a ɛbɛma wɔahu kokoram no gyinabea pɛpɛɛpɛ. Sɛ ɛba saa a, wɔfrɛ no eyi.

TNM Staging (TNM Staging) .

Eyi ne TNM nhyehyɛe no.Ɛyɛ ɔkwan a nnuruyɛfo taa fa so kyerɛkyerɛ baabi a kokoram atrɛw akodu.

• T (Primary tumor): Eyi kyerɛ sɛnea akisikuru titiriw no kɛse te ne baabi a atrɛw akɔ ntini a ɛbɛn hɔ no mu.
• N (Node): Eyi kyerɛ wo sɛ ebia kokoram no atrɛw akɔ ntini a ɛbɛn hɔ mu , na sɛ ɛte saa a, kodu kodu.
• M (Metastasis): Eyi kyerɛ ɔyare a ɛkɔ mmeae afoforo . Ɛne sɛ, sɛ ebia kokoram no atrɛw akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri anaa .

Wobetumi de TNM nhyehyɛe no adi dwuma de ahu baabi a akisikuru a ɛyɛ den te sɛ nufu mu kokoram ne akyi berɛmo mu kokoram no wɔ. Nanso wɔmfa nni dwuma mma mogya mu kokoram te sɛ mogya mu kokoram anaa mogya mu kokoram .

Wɔ kokoram ahorow bi ho no, nnuruyɛfo nso de akwan pɔtee afoforo a wɔfa so de kokoram di dwuma. Nhwɛso bi ne Lugano nhyehyɛe a wɔde yɛ Hodgkin lymphoma ne non-Hodgkin lymphoma . Nhwɛso foforo ne FIGO nhyehyɛe , a wɔde ma mmea awo nhyehyɛe mu kokoram ahorow bi.

Wubetumi abisa wo kokoram ho ɔyaresafo no staging system bɛn na ɔde di dwuma ma wo kokoram no. Eyi bɛboa wo ma woate wo tebea no ase yiye.

Nhwehwɛmu bɛn na wɔyɛ de hu kokoram?

Wɔ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ akyi no, nnuruyɛfo yɛ nhwehwɛmu titiriw afoforo pii nso de hu kokoram no fã. Eyinom bi ne:

• CT scan (Computed Tomography - CT scan): Saa scan yi boa nnuruyɛfo ma wohu nneɛma te sɛ kokoram mfiase ne baabi a akisikuru no wɔ .
• PET scan (Positron Emission Tomography - PET scan): Wobetumi de nhwehwɛmu yi adi dwuma de ahwɛ sɛ kokoram atrɛw akɔ nipadua no afã horow a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri anaa.
• Endoscopy: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde adwinnade teateaa bi a ɛte sɛ afiri a wɔde fa nsu mu kɔ akwaa bi a ɛyɛ tokuru mu (sɛ nhwɛso no, yafunu anaa dwensɔtwaa) mu de hwehwɛ mu hwɛ sɛ ebia kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi wɔ hɔ anaa.
• Biopsy: Ebia woate eyi ho asɛm. Wɔfa ntini bi na wɔhwehwɛ mu de hu kokoram no ho nsɛm pii. Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛho hia yiye.
• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hu kokoram: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nneɛma a wɔfrɛ no akisikuru agyiraehyɛde ahorow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu betumi ama obi anya akisikuru no kɛse anaa kokoram dodow a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu ho adwene.

Oduruyɛfo no begyina nsɛm a waboaboa ano afi nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi nyinaa mu so ahu baabi pɔtee a wo kokoram no wɔ.

So kokoram ho asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ no betumi asesa akyiri yi?

Eyi yɛ ɔhaw ma nnipa pii. Ebia wubesusuw sɛ ebia sɛ kokoram no trɛw, sɛ ɛyɛ yiye akyiri yi mpo a, saa tebea a edi kan no bɛsakra. Nanso ɛnyɛ saa ankasa.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, sɛ wodii kan hui sɛ wowɔ kokoram a ɛto so II (2) a, wubenya kokoram a ɛto so II (2) bere nyinaa. Nanso, nnuruyɛfo de nsɛmfua foforo di dwuma de kyerɛkyerɛ nsakrae a ɛba wɔ ɔfã no mu.

• Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ akyiri yi saa kokoram no fã II (2) no trɛw kɔ nipadua no afã horow a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri a, nnuruyɛfo bɛfrɛ no ‘Stage II cancer with metastasis’ , na ɛnyɛ ɔfã IV (4) kokoram. Ate aseɛ?
• Afei nso, sɛ wɔantumi anhu kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara wɔ ayaresa akyi a, wɔfrɛ no ‘yare no ano aduru koraa’ anaasɛ ‘yare no ho adanse biara nni hɔ’ (NED) .

Kokoram a wobɛtra ase no betumi ayɛ osuahu a ɛhaw adwene kɛse. Ntease wom sɛ wobɛte ehu nka na wunsi pi bere a wuhu sɛ wɔahu yare no a nkyerɛwde ne nɔma te sɛ eyi wom no. Nanso kokoram ho nkɔmhyɛ nyɛ nkyerɛwde ne nɔma kakraa bi kɛkɛ. Nnuruyɛfo de nɔma ahorow yi di dwuma de yɛ ayaresa a eye sen biara ma wo ho nhyehyɛe, wɔne nnuruyɛfo afoforo yɛ adwuma, na wɔma wo nkɔmhyɛ. Wo duruyɛfo wɔ hɔ sɛ ɔbɛboa wo. Bisa no nsɛm biara a wowɔ fa wo kokoram nkɔmhyɛ ho.

Enti, nneɛma bɛn na ɛho hia paa a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi asɛm yi mu? (Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie)

Okay, nneɛma kakraa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wode sie w’adwene mu fi nea yɛaka ho asɛm no mu:

• Kokoram gyinabea yɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so susuw baabi a kokoram no akodu ne sɛnea emu yɛ den wɔ wo nipadua mu. Eyi boa nnuruyɛfo ma wɔpaw ayaresa a eye sen biara ma wo .
• Wɔnam sɛnea akisikuru no kɛse te, faako a ɛwɔ, ne sɛ ebia atrɛw anaa no so na ɛkyerɛ sɛnea ɛbɛkɔ so . Wɔde akwan te sɛ TNM na ɛyɛ eyi.
• Wɔde nɔma ahyɛ akwan horow no so 0, I, II, III, IV. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde nkyerɛwde A, B, C, ne D ka ho de ma nsɛm pii.
• Wɔnam nhwehwɛmu ahorow te sɛ CT scan, PET scan, ne biopsy so hu eyi a ebetumi aba .
• Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ kokoram no fã a wodii kan kyerɛe no nsakra akyiri yi. Sɛ tebea no sesa a, wɔka ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan foforo so.
• Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi fa eyi ho a, nsuro sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo. Ɔno ne onipa a oye sen biara a obetumi akyerɛkyerɛ biribiara mu akyerɛ wo.

Kae sɛ kokoram yɛ ɔko. Sɛ wubegyina saa ɔko no ano a, ɛho hia paa sɛ wuhu wo tamfo a ɔne kokoram no yiye. Yɛwɔ anidaso sɛ saa nsɛm yi bɛboa wo wɔ saa asɛm no mu.

` Kokoram nsɛm, Kokoram Staging, Kokoram, Kokoram ayaresa, TNM, Kokoram a wohu, Metastasis