Tumi kɛse a ɛwɔ yɛn tirim: Amemene no ho biribiara! (Amemene) .

Hɛlo! Wo ho te sɛn? Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka yɛn nipadua mu akwaa a ɛyɛ nwonwa na ɛho hia sen biara no mu biako ho asɛm. Ɛno ne yɛn amemene . Ɛte sɛ kɔmputa kɛse bi a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Biribiara a yɛyɛ, yɛka, yɛdwene, yɛn nkateɛ, yɛn nkaeɛ, ɛdi yeinom nyinaa so. Susuw ho hwɛ, w’amemene nti na worekenkan eyi mprempren ara!

Afei dɛn ne amemene yi? (`Amemene`) .

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, w’amemene yɛ akwaa a ɛyɛ den yiye na tumi wom. Nneɛma a wofa wo nkatede anum so hu (a wohu, wote, wo te hua, woka, wo nsa ka), wo nkate (te sɛ awerɛhow, anigye, abufuw), w’adwene, wo nkae, ɔkwan a wofa so nantew, ɔkwan a wofa so kasa, wo nneyɛe... eyi nyinaa yɛ nea amemene no di so na ɛhwɛ so.

Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom ɛhwɛ nneɛma a wunnim mpo so. Susuw ho, wo home, wo nipadua mu hyew, wo koma bɔ... Ɛnsɛ sɛ wususuw saa nneɛma yi ho. Wɔba ara kwa . Ɛno nyinaa yɛ nea yɛn amemene na ɛyɛ. Nokwarem no, nea ɛma woyɛ onipa ko a woyɛ, woyɛ soronko wɔ afoforo ho, na woyɛ soronko no fi saa tumi ahorow a ɛyɛ nwonwa yi a ɛwɔ w’amemene mu no.

W’amemene no yɛ afã horow pii, nanso ɛka bom. Saa nhyehyɛe yi yɛ adwuma denam nkrasɛm a ɛde kɔ nkwammoaa nketenkete a wɔfrɛ no ntini ahorow ntam so . Saa nkrasɛm yi ne nea amemene no te ase, ɛkyerɛ ase kɔ ntease mu ma yɛn nipadua, na ɛma yetumi yɛ adwuma yiye.

W'amemene no ne w'akyi berɛmo no wɔ abusuabɔ . Sɛ wɔka abien no bom bom yɛ yɛn ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu (CNS) .

Dɛn ne amemene no dwumadi atitiriw?

Afei, hwɛ nneɛma pii a yɛn amemene yɛ. Nneɛma atitiriw no bi ni:

• Nneɛma a yennim mpo sɛ yɛyɛ so a yebedi so: nneɛma te sɛ ahome, koma a ɛbɔ, nna, nipadua mu hyew.
• ‘Ɔko anaa wimhyɛn ho mmuae’ anaa ‘adwennwen ho mmuae’ , a ɛboa yɛn ma yenya nkwa bere a asiane bi asi mpofirim a ɛkanyan.
• Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a yɛbɛhwɛ sɛ akwaa afoforo a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no reyɛ adwuma yiye.
• Yɛn nkae ne yɛn nkate horow a yebedi so.
• Yɛn kankyee (`Motor function`), nipadua kari pɛ, ne fine motor coordination.
• Nkate ahorow a efi nkatede anum (hu, aso, hua, nsa a wɔde ka, dɛ) mu ba no ho dwumadie.
• Kasa a wɔka na wɔte ase.
• Nsusuwii ne gyinaesi ahorow.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, amemene no adwuma ne sɛ ɛde nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛfa yɛn ntini a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no mu kɔ anim ne akyi bɛmena, agye, na adi ho dwuma. Saa nsɛnkyerɛnne yi yɛ nsɛm nkrasɛm a efi yɛn nkatede anum no mu. Amemene no nso hu nsɛnkyerɛnne a efi nipadua no mu te sɛ ɛyaw, nipadua mu hyew, ne koma bɔ. Ɛyɛ saa nsɛm yi na amemene no kyerɛ nneɛma a ɛkɔ so wɔ yɛn ho no ase na ɛma ntease ba.

Bere bɛn na yɛn amemene no gyae nyin?

So wunim sɛ yɛn amemene nyin sen biara fi da a wɔwoo yɛn kosi sɛ yɛbɛyɛ mmofra? Nanso, egye bere ansa na amemene no anyin koraa. Saa adeyɛ yi nsi kosi sɛ wubedi mfe 20 mfinimfini kosi n’awiei .

Amemene no afã horow a etwa to a enyin na enyin no mu biako ne prefrontal cortex . Saa ɔfã yi ne nea ɛboa wo ma wusi gyinae, de nnwuma di kan, na wudi wo nkate so. Enti ebia eyi yɛ ade biako nti a ɛtɔ mmere bi a wuhyia ɔhaw wɔ gyinaesi a wode ahopere sisi na wudi wo nkate so bere a woyɛ abofra no. Efisɛ saa fã no nnya nyɛɛ ‘set’ koraa.

Dɛn ne amemene no afã atitiriw?

Yɛn amemene no afã atitiriw abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ.

1. Amemene (`Amemene`): .

• Eyi ne amemene no fã kɛse. Ɛte sɛ akutu asinasin a ɛsõ sen biara.
• Oyi ne nea ɔte nsɛm a efi wo nkatede anum mu ba no ase.
• Afei nso, amemene no na ɛhwɛ nneɛma a yɛde yɛn adwene yɛ te sɛ kasa, nkae, nneyɛe, nipasu, kankyee, nsusuwii, ne atemmu so.
• Wɔakyekyɛ mu abien: benkum fam ne nifa fam . Wɔnam abɔntenban bi a wɔde ntini mu nhama akuwakuw (a nneɛma fitaa na ɛyɛ) a wɔfrɛ no corpus callosum na ɛka bom.

2. Amemene no mu ntini:

• Eyi wɔ amemene no akyi, atwa amemene no ntini ho ahyia. Wɔayɛ no te sɛ kurukuruwa ketewaa bi a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa fã.
• Ɛyɛ n’asɛyɛde sɛ ɛma wo kari pɛ, wo gyinabea, wo ho yɛ adwuma, ne wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛyɛ fɛ (te sɛ bɔtn a wobɛbɔ anaasɛ wobɛkyerɛw). Fa no sɛ nea ɛboa wo ma wokari pɛ bere a wote sakre so no.

3. Amemene mu ntini:

• Eyi wɔ amemene no ase, te sɛ afiri bi a ɛka amemene no fã a aka no bom kɔ akyi berɛmo no mu.
• Ɛhwɛ yɛn nipadua no dwumadi ahorow pii a ɛyɛ ne ho so. Eyinom yɛ nneɛma a yɛnyɛ wɔ adwempa mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nneɛma te sɛ koma a ɛbɔ, ɔhome, nna ne ɔsɔre kyinhyia, ne ɔmene.

So ɛnyɛ nwonwa? Saa afã abiɛsa yi bom di yɛn nipadua nyinaa so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔbɔ amemene no ho ban?

Yɛn amemene yɛ akwaa a ɛsom bo paa na ɛyɛ mmerɛw, enti ɛsɛ sɛ wɔbɔ ho ban yiye.

Nnompe bi a wɔfrɛ no cranium atwa w'amemene ho ahyia . Eyi yɛ wo ti nhwi no fã. Amemene no sensɛn nsu bi a wɔfrɛ no cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mu . Ti nhwi nnompe ne CSF no bom bɔ amemene no ho ban fi opira ho. Ɛte sɛ dade kyɛw!

Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom w’amemene ne wo ti nhwi ntam no, ntini abiɛsa na ɛwɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no meninges :

• Dura mater: 1 .Eyi ne ade a ɛwɔ akyi sen biara. Ɛkata wo ti nhwi so.
• Arachnoid membrane: Eyi ne mfinimfini fã no. Ɛyɛ ntini a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛkata amemene no nyinaa so.
• Pia mater: Eyi ne ade a ɛwɔ mu paa. Mogya ntini a ɛkɔ amemene no ani wɔ mu.

Ntini a ɛwɔ w’amemene no mu 12 na ɛwɔ w’amemene no mu. Ntini de nkrasɛm kɔ amemene, akwaa, ne ntini ahorow ntam denam anyinam ahoɔden a ɛde mena so. Eyi ne sɛnea nsɛm a efi wo nipadua mu fa ntini ahorow mu kɔ amemene no mu, na nkrasɛm a efi amemene no mu kɔ nipadua no afã afoforo.

Amemene no afã afoforo bi a ɛho hia

Afã atitiriw abiɛsa no akyi no, amemene no wɔ afã afoforo pii a ɛho hia yiye, nketewa a ɛyɛ nnwuma titiriw bi. Ma yɛnhwɛ emu kakraa bi.

• Amygdala: Eyi yɛ wo limbic nhyehyɛe no fã . Ɛwɔ temporal lobes no mu . Ɛboa ma wudi wo nkate horow so, titiriw ehu.
• Basal ganglia: Eyinom yɛ nneɛma a ɛwɔ amemene no mu tɔnn a ɛhwɛ wo kankyee so.
• Hippocampus: Eyi yɛ ade ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ amemene no mu. Ɛyɛ wo nkae ne adesua ho asodi. Ɛho hia paa ma nneɛma foforo a yɛbɛkae.
• Thalamus: Esiane sɛ eyi wɔ amemene no atifi nti, eyi te sɛ wo ntini a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no ‘switchboard’. Ɛde nkate mu nsɛm a efi nipadua no afã afoforo kɔ amemene no mu.
• Hypothalamus: Hypothalamus a ɛwɔ amemene no ase no di hormone ne autonomic dwumadi ahorow (te sɛ ɔkɔm ne sukɔm) so.
• Pituitary gland: Pituitary gland a ɛwɔ hypothalamus ase no na ɛhwɛ hormone a ɛyɛ adwuma so. Ɛwom sɛ ɛyɛ ketewaa koraa de, nanso ɛyɛ nnwuma a ɛho hia pii.
• Pineal gland: Saa gland yi a ɛwɔ corpus callosum no akyi no na ɛhwɛ wo nna ne wo nyane kyinhyia so.

Susuw sɛnea afã nketewa yi nyinaa yɛ den bere a wɔaka abom no ho hwɛ!

Dɛn ne amemene no mu ntini ahorow?

Yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm sɛ amemene no mu akyekyɛ ayɛ no afã abien (afã horow). Wɔ ɔfã biara no, ntini (ntini) anan na ɛwɔ hɔ . Ɛsono wɔn mu biara dwumadi.

• Anim fã a ɛwɔ anim: .
• Eyi wɔ w’amemene no anim fã, wɔ wo moma so akyi. Eyi ne lobe a ɛsõ sen biara.
• Ɛdi nneɛma pii so, te sɛ yɛn pɛ mu kankabi, asetra mu ntease, nsusuwii, ne adesua. Ɛsan nso hwɛ nneɛma te sɛ gyinaesi ne nhyehyɛe so.

• Occipital lobe a ɛwɔ akyi no:
• Eyi wɔ amemene no akyi.
• Amemene no fã yi boa wo ma wo di nsɛm a wotumi hu (nea wuhu) a efi w’ani so ba no ho dwuma na wote ase.

• Parietal lobe a ɛwɔ akyi:
• Amemene no fã yi a ɛwɔ amemene no atifi ne akyi no gye nsɛnkyerɛnne a efi amemene no afã afoforo mu na ɛkyerɛ ase, na ɛma wunya nneɛma a atwa wo ho ahyia ne sɛnea wo nipadua te no ase. Ɛsan nso yɛ nea ɛma wote nneɛma te sɛ nsa a wɔde ka obi, ɛyaw, ne ɔhyew nka.

• Temporal lobe a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu:
• W’amemene no fã yi a ɛwɔ wo ti nkyɛnkyɛn, bɛn w’aso no boa wo ma wunya nkae, te kasa ase, na wokyerɛ nkate ase. Ɛhɔ nso na wodi nea wote no ho dwuma.

Hwɛ sɛnea kuw biara yɛ adwuma titiriw bi. Eyi nyinaa a yɛbom yɛ adwuma no ne nea ɛma yɛyɛ ‘yɛn’.

Dɛn ne `Gray and White Matter` wɔ amemene no mu?

Ebia woate amemene no ‘afiri a ɛyɛ fitaa’ ne ‘ade fitaa’ ho asɛm. Eyinom yɛ ntini ahorow abien a ɛwɔ amemene no mu. Wɔde wɔn kɔla ne wɔn dwumadi na ato wɔn din.

• Nneɛma a ɛyɛ fitaa:
• Eyi ne amemene no fã a ɛyɛ tumm na ɛwɔ akyi (a wɔsan frɛ no amemene no mu ntini ).
• Saa ade a ɛyɛ fitaa yi boa wo wɔ wo da biara da nnwuma te sɛ ntini a wobɛhyɛ so, wo nkatede a wode bedi dwuma, nneɛma a wobɛkae, nkate horow a wubenya, ne kasa a wobɛka mu.

• Nneɛma fitaa:
• Eyi wɔ ade a ɛyɛ fitaa no ase, wɔ kɔla a ɛyɛ hann mu.
• Nea eyi yɛ ne sɛ ɛde nsɛnkyerɛnne kɔ wo ntini a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no afã horow na aboa wo ma woayɛ adwuma yiye.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, sɛ grey matter te sɛ kɔmputa a, white matter te sɛ nhama a ɛwɔ saa kɔmputa no mu. Baako ntumi nyɛ adwuma a ɔfoforo no nka ho.

Nkwammoaa ahe na yɛwɔ wɔ yɛn amemene mu?

Wɔkyerɛ sɛ ntini mu nkwammoaa (`Neurons`) bɛyɛ ɔpepepem 86 na ɛwɔ onipa amemene mu! Afei nso, nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ntini mu ntini dodow a ɛyɛ pɛ wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no `Glial cells` .

• Ntini ahorow: Eyinom ne nkwammoaa a ɛde anyinam ahoɔden ne nnuru ho nsɛnkyerɛnne kɔ na wogye, te sɛ nhama a ɛde nsɛm kɔ amemene no mu no.
• Glial nkwammoaa: Eyinom boa ma amemene no kɔ so tra hɔ, ɛyɛ myelin ( ade a srade wom na ɛbɔ ho ban wɔ nneɛma fitaa mu), na ɛma amemene no nya aduannuru. Wɔte sɛ aboafo ma ntini mu nkwammoaa no.

Nkwammoaa dodow a ɛyɛ nwonwa, ɛnte saa?

Onipa amemene mu duru yɛ ahe?

Ɔpanyin amemene mu duru bɛyɛ nkaribo 3 (kilogram 1.4) . Sɛ wɔwo yɛn a, emu duru bɛyɛ kilogram biako. Ɛnyin bɛyɛ nkaribo 2 wɔ mmofraase. W’amemene mu duru betumi ayɛ soronko kakra a egyina wo bɔbeasu ne wo nipadua kɛse so.

Nyarewa bɛn na ebetumi aka amemene no?

Sɛnea wunim no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ yɛn amemene na ɛyɛ biribiara a yɛyɛ. Enti, nyarewa a ɛka amemene no abu so yiye. Saa nyarewa yi tumi gu ahorow wɔ sɛnea emu yɛ den ne sɛnea emu yɛ den mu. Wɔn mu bi ni:

• Alzheimer yare ne adwenemhaw
• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) a Ɛma Nnipa Ho Yɛ Fɛ (ALS) .
• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) a Ɛyɛ Fɛ (ASD) .
• Amemene mu mogya a ɛtɔ
• Amemene mu akisikuru
• Concussion ( tebea bi a ɛba bere a wɔabɔ ti no) .
• Hahaahayɔ
• Akisikuru
• Ntini a Ɛyɛ Fɛ (`Ntini a Ɛma Ntini Mu Ntini` - `MS`) .
• Parkinson yare a ɛma obi nya yare
• Nnwodwoɔ
• Amemene mu Opira a Ɛyɛ Hu (TBI) .

Saa tebea horow yi bi wɔ hɔ bere a wɔawo no, na afoforo nso nyin akyiri yi. Ɛsono sɛnea yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no te. Ebetumi aka nneɛma a ɛho hia pii, a nea ɛka ho ne w’adwene mu akwahosan, wo kankyee, wo nkae, wo nsusuwii, ne wo kasa.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ , sɛ wuhu biribi a ɛyɛ soronko anaa ɛyɛ soronko wɔ w’amemene mu a, wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara. Sɛ wuhu ntɛm a, wubetumi adi nneɛma pii so na wɔasa.

Yɛbɛyɛ dɛn ama yɛn amemene anya apɔwmuden?

Ebia wote sɛnea yɛn amemene no yɛ akwaa a ɛsom bo na ɛho hia no ase. Ɛyɛ adwuma bere nyinaa, bere mpo a yɛada! Bere a worekenkan eyi no, w’amemene no rehwɛ biribiara a aka wɔ wo nipadua mu: worehome, w’aniwa rebɔ, na ebia ɛrekae wo mpo sɛ ɔkɔm de wo!

Enti, amemene yi a wɔbɛma ayɛ yiye, a ɛreyɛ adwuma bere nyinaa na ama yɛn nipadua nyinaa ayɛ adwuma yiye no ho hia yiye. Nneɛma kakraa bi wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ de ayɛ saa:

• Wo ne wo nnamfo bom, mommɔ afoforo: Sɛ wo ne nkurɔfo bɛkasa na woaserew a, ɛyɛ ade pa a ɛkanyan amemene no.
• Siesie ahodwiriwde ahorow, teɛteɛ w’amemene mu: Nneɛma te sɛ nsɛmfua a wɔde twitwiw nsɛm, Sudoku, ne biribi foforo a wubesua boa ma w’amemene mu nkwammoaa yɛ adwuma.
• Dwinnwen ho na ama adwennwen so atew: Adwennwen a ɛboro so nyɛ papa mma amemene no. Fa nneɛma te sɛ adwennwen ne ahomegye apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ so ma w’adwene dwo.
• Di nnuan a ahoɔden wom: Di nnuan a ɛma amemene no nya ahoɔden te sɛ nhabannuru, nnuaba, mpataa, ne nnuaba.
• Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ daa: Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ma mogya kɔ amemene no mu yiye.
• Da sɛnea ɛsɛ: Ɛyɛ bere a woada na amemene no siesie ne ho na ɛkora nkae so. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ woda yiye anadwo.

Awiei koraa no, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae! (Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie)

Yɛn amemene yɛ ade a ɛyɛ nwonwa ankasa. Ɛno na ɛma yɛyɛ onipa ko a yɛyɛ. Ɛdi adwene, nkate, ne adeyɛ biara a yɛyɛ so.

Sɛ wowɔ w’amemene akwahosan ho dadwen bi, anaa sɛ wususuw sɛ wowɔ yare bi a ɛfa amemene ho ho sɛnkyerɛnne (e.g., adwenemhaw a ɛtaa ba, nkae a ɛyera, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛkasa) a, yɛsrɛ wo kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.Mma ɛnhaw wo, ayaresa wɔ hɔ ma nneɛma pii sɛ wuhu ntɛm a.

Hwɛ w’amemene no yiye! Ɛyɛ w’agyapade a ɛsom bo sen biara.

` Amemene, ntini a ɛwɔ mfinimfini, amemene no dwumadi, amemene no mu ntini, amemene no mu ntini, amemene no ntini, ntini mu nkwammoaa, amemene no akwahosan