Yɛn amemene no panyin ketewa no: Ne nyinaa fa Thalamus ho!

So woasusuw nneɛma a ɛyɛ nwonwa pii a ɛkɔ so wɔ yɛn amemene mu no ho pɛn? Yɛn amemene no yɛ akwaa a ɛyɛ den yiye na ɛho hia yiye ankasa. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka amemene no fã bi a ɛho hia paa a ebia yɛntee ho asɛm pii ho asɛm. Ɛno ne thalamus no . N’adwuma te sɛ ɔkyerɛwfo panyin wɔ adwumayɛbea bi, anaasɛ keteke gyinabea panyin wɔ keteke gyinabea kɛse bi mu. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea thalamus yi yɛ, nea ɛyɛ, ne nea ɛba sɛ biribi to no a.

Dɛn ne Thalamus? Momma yɛnte ase kɛkɛ!

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, wo thalamus yɛ ade ketewaa bi a ɛte sɛ nkesua wɔ w’amemene mfinimfini. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɛwɔ w’amemene no mu tɔnn. Ɛnyɛ ɛno nkutoo, nokwarem no, thalamuse abien na ɛwɔ hɔ, biako wɔ w’amemene no fã biara mu.

Fa no sɛ keteke gyinabea kɛse bi wɔ kurow kɛse bi mu. Keteke nyinaa du hɔ na afei wɔsesa wɔn kwan. Saa ara nso na motor ne nkate mu nsɛm a efi yɛn nipadua mu nyinaa – kyerɛ sɛ, nneɛma a yɛte, nneɛma a yɛsɔ hwɛ, nneɛma a yehu, nneɛma a yɛde yɛn nsa ka (nanso ɛnyɛ hua) – di kan ba thalamus yi mu. Afei thalamus no de saa nsɛm yi kɔ baabi a ɛfata, na ɛka sɛ, "Okay, ɛsɛ sɛ eyi kɔ ha, ɛno na ɛsɛ sɛ ɛkɔ hɔ," kɔ amemene no mu (eyi ne yɛn amemene no akyi fã kɛse, baabi a nsusuwii pii kɔ so). Ɛhɔ na wɔhwehwɛ saa nsɛm no mu kɔ akyiri na yɛma ntease ba mu.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, thalamus te sɛ relay station a yɛde sesa nsɛm wɔ yɛn amemene mu.

Dɛn na ɛnam thalamus so to yɛn nipadua? Dɛn ne ne dwumadi ahorow?

Adwuma a ɛsɛ sɛ Thalamasa yɛ no nyɛ ketewaa bi. N’adwuma atitiriw no bi ni:

• Nkate mu Nsɛm a Wɔde Kɔ: Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, nkate horow a yenya fi yɛn nkatede anum no mu (gye hua) nyinaa – adehu, aso, dɛ, nsa a yɛde ka – no kɔ amemene no mu sɛ ntini a ɛkanyan yɛn denam thalamus no so. Wɔ thalamus no mu no, mmeae titiriw bi wɔ hɔ ma saa nkate horow yi mu biara, a wɔfrɛ no nuclei . Saa nuklea ahorow yi nya nsɛm no, wɔyɛ ho adwuma, na wɔde kɔ amemene no mu mmeae a ɛfata.
• Motor Information: Te sɛ nkate mu nsɛm no, wɔde nkrasɛm a ɛfa kankyee te sɛ yɛn nsa ne yɛn nan a yɛbɛkanyan ne nantew ho nso fa thalamus mu kɔ amemene no mu.
• Adwene a Wɔde Di Kan: Fa no sɛ, sɛ worenam abɔnten a, nneɛma ahe na wote na wuhu prɛko pɛ, te sɛ kar dede, nnipa a wɔrekasa, ne nea ɛkeka ho? Sɛ eyinom nyinaa hyɛn w’amemene mu prɛko pɛ a, ɛrenyɛ adwenem naayɛ kɛse? Saa bere no, amemene no boa wo ma wusi gyinae sɛ, "Dɛn ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara mprempren? Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ so?"
• Nhumu a Wobɛkɔ So Akura Mu:Dae di dwuma kɛse ma yɛn ani da hɔ na yɛn ani da hɔ.
• Dwumadi ahorow a ɛfa adwene ne nkae ho: Thalamus no ne yɛn limbic system no wɔ abusuabɔ . Saa limbic nhyehyɛe yi yɛ yɛn amemene no fã titiriw a ɛhwɛ yɛn nkate so, ɛyɛ nkae na ɛkora so, ɛka nna ho akɔnnɔ mu, na ɛka adesua ho. Enti thalamus nso boa ma wɔyɛ saa dwumadi ahorow yi.
• Dae ne Nyan a Yɛbɛhyɛ So: Thalamus nso ka nneɛma te sɛ yɛn nna kyinhyia, ɛma yɛda, ne yɛn nyane mu.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, saa aberante ketewa yi boa yɛn wɔ kokoam wɔ nneɛma pii a yehu, yɛte, te nka, susuw nneɛma ho, na yɛkae no mu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na thalamus no yɛ adwuma?

Ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye. Nkate mu nkrasɛm (i.e. nsɛm) a efi yɛn nipadua afã horow mu no fa ntini mu nhama so , fa amemene no afã horow, na awiei koraa no edu thalamus no mu.

Wɔ thalamus no mu no, mmeae titiriw bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no nuclei, a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm. Saa nuklea ahorow yi mu biara na ɛyɛ nkrasɛm ahorow a ɛfa nkate anaa nipadua no ho a efi nipadua no mu ho dwuma. Ɛne sɛ, nucleus biako ma nkrasɛm a efi aniwa mu ba, na foforo nso ma nkrasɛm a efi aso mu ba. Saa nuklea ahorow yi paw nsɛm a wonya no na wɔde fa ntini a ɛfata no mu kɔ amemene no fã a ɛfata . Ɛhɔ na yɛte nsɛm no ase yiye na yɛyɛ ho mmuae.

Sɛ nhwɛso no, fa no sɛ wuhu nhwiren bi a ɛyɛ fɛ. Saa hann no hyɛn w'aniwa mu, na efi hɔ no, nsɛm no fa aniwa ntini no so kɔ aniwa mu nucleus bi a ɛwɔ thalamus (``Lateral Geniculate Nucleus'') no mu. Ɛhɔ no, wɔyɛ nsɛm no ho adwuma na wɔde kɔ amemene no mu ntini a ɛhwɛ ade no mu. Ɛno na wuhu sɛ, "Wow, eyi yɛ nhwiren fɛfɛ."

Ɛhe na thalamus no wɔ?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, thalamus no wɔ amemene no mfinimfini tɔnn. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɛwɔ amemene no dua (ɔfã a ɛka amemene ne akyi berɛmo bom) no atifi pɛɛ. Ɛwom sɛ ɛte sɛ ade biako de, nanso nokwarem no, thalamuse abien na ɛwɔ hɔ, biako wɔ amemene no nifa na biako wɔ benkum.

Esiane sɛ ɛwɔ beae a ɛwɔ mfinimfini saa nti, sɛnea sakre ntwahonan no mu ntini trɛw fi mfinimfini mfinimfini kɔ ntwahonan no afã horow nyinaa no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ntini nhama a efi thalamus no mu no bata amemene no amemene no fã biara ho.

Wɔ aduruyɛ mu no, thalamus yɛ diencephalon , a hypothalamus , subthalamus, ne epithalamus nso ka ho no fã.

Sɛ thalamus no sɛe a, dɛn na ɛba?

Seesei wote sɛnea thalamus ho hia na ɛyɛ adwuma kɛse no ase. Enti susuw ɔhaw ahorow a ebetumi asɔre sɛ biribi to beae kɛse a ɛte saa no ho hwɛ. Nokwarem no, sɛe thalamus no betumi aka dwumadi pii.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ebetumi aba bere a thalamus no asɛe no:

• Nkae a ɛyera (Amnesia): Ebia ɛbɛyɛ den ama wo sɛ wobɛkae nneɛma foforo na wo werɛ afi nneɛma dedaw.
• Anibiannaso: Ebia w’ani begye nneɛma a kan no na w’ani gye ho no ho.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛte kasa ase anaa wobɛka (Aphasia): Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛte nea wɔka no ase, wontumi nhyehyɛ kasamu a ɛne ne ho hyia, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a nsɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma ɔkwammɔne so.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛkɔ so de w’adwene asi biribi so, wuntumi nna: Ɛyɛ den sɛ wode w’adwene besi ade biako so, na ebia wobɛte nka sɛ woada bere nyinaa.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobedi nkate mu nsɛm ho dwuma: Ebia wɔrente nneɛma te sɛ nsa a wɔde ka obi, ɛyaw, ne ɔhyew nka yiye anaasɛ ebia wɔbɛte nka sɛ ɛyɛ nwonwa.
• Kankyee mu haw: Ebia wobɛkari pɛ, wo ho popo, na ɛbɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛnantew.
• Da a wotaa da: Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ woada dodo awiabere mpo.
• Ɛyaw a enni sabea: Ɛyaw a emu yɛ den a nipadua no fã biako a ɛyɛ hyew ka ho, titiriw wɔ tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no Thalamic Pain Syndrome mu.

Tebea horow a emu yɛ den a ebetumi aba esiane thalamus a ɛsɛe nti:

• Nhumu a wonni ne coma.
• Dae mu haw: Tebea ahorow te sɛ nna a wontumi nna . Wɔ tebea horow a ɛntaa nsi mu no, awosu mu tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no Fatal Familial Insomnia betumi ama obi nna koraa na wawu mpo.
• Thalamic aphasia: Tebea a ɛma nsɛmfua yɛ mmerɛw na ntease nni kasa mu.
• Kankyee mu haw: Nneɛma te sɛ wosow.
• Ɛyaw a ɛma obi yɛ ade.
• Anisoadehu ho haw: nneɛma te sɛ anisoadehu a ɛyɛ kusuu, hann ho nkate a ɛkɔ soro.

Nneɛma atitiriw a ɛma thallus no sɛe:

• Akisikuru a ɛkɔ thalamus mu: Mogya ntini bi a ɛde mogya kɔ amemene no mu no siw anaasɛ ɛpaapae no betumi asɛe thalamus no.
• Akisikuru a ɛwɔ amemene no mu: Sɛ amemene mu akisikuru bi ba baabi a ɛbɛn amemene no a, ebetumi apia amemene no na asɛe ade.

Tebea pɔtee bɛn na ɛka thalamus no?

Aduruyɛ mu tebea horow bi wɔ hɔ a ɛka akyi berɛmo no tẽẽ, anaasɛ ɛsɛe no. Ebi ne:

• Abusua mu Dae a Ekum Nnipa: Eyi yɛ awosu mu yare a ɛntaa nsi a yɛaka ho asɛm dedaw. Ɛnam protein bi a wɔfrɛ no Prion mu sintɔ bi so na ɛba. Nnipa a wɔwɔ saa yare yi hwere wɔn nna nkakrankakra. Bere koro no ara mu no, wofi ase nya dadwen, adwenemhaw, ehu, ne nsusuwii hunu. Awiei koraa no, wɔn kɔn dɔ aduan, wɔn mu duru so tew, adwenemhaw, na wontumi nkasa, na ɛde owu ba. Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛyɛ awerɛhow paa.
• Creutzfeldt-Jacob yare ne Fabry yare: Wɔ saa nyarewa abien yi nyinaa mu no, MRI mfonini kyerɛ nsakrae a ɛba wɔ thalamus no akyi fã a ɛyɛ den no mu. Wɔfrɛ eyi ``Pulvinar sɛnkyerɛnne'', a ɛyɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛboa ma wohu saa nyarewa yi.
• Korsakoff syndrome: Eyi yɛ tebea a ɛka nnipa a wɔnom nsa pii titiriw. Ɛsɛe amemene no mu ade bi a wɔfrɛ no mammillothalamic fasciculus , a ɛne thalamus wɔ abusuabɔ. Eyi betumi anya nkae so nkɛntɛnso kɛse.

So ayaresa ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde wɔn ani si thalamus so?

Yiw, wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, wɔde ayaresa ahorow no si thalamus no so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ Parkinson yare a nnuru ntumi nni wɔn so yiye fam no, wɔde aduru bi a wɔfrɛ no Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) di dwuma de wɔn ani si Ventral Intermediate Nucleus a ɛwɔ thalamus no so. Eyi betumi aboa ma wɔadi Parkinson yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ahopopo so.

Nneɛma a ɛho hia paa a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

Enti, thalamus a yɛkaa ho asɛm nnɛ yi yɛ odwumayɛni a ɔyɛ komm yiye, nanso ɔwɔ tumi kɛse wɔ yɛn amemene mu.

Ɛyɛ beae titiriw a ɛkyekyɛ nkate (hua) ne nipadua mu nkrasɛm a efi yɛn nipadua mu kɔ amemene no fã a aka no. Ɛte sɛ posɔfese kɛse bi!

• Ɔboa yɛn ma yɛde yɛn nkatede a ɛma yehu ade, yɛte asɛm, yɛte, ne yɛn nsa ka yɛ adwuma yiye.
• Sɛ yɛtu a, ɛde nkrasɛm a ɛfata kɔ.
• Ɛne nneɛma te sɛ yɛn adwene, yɛn adwene, nna, nkae, ne nkate nso wɔ abusuabɔ.

Enti, sɛ biribi sɛe thalamus no a, ebetumi aka nneɛma pii wɔ yɛn asetra mu. Sɛ wote nka sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a wɔaka ho asɛm wɔ asɛm yi mu no bi a, yɛsrɛ wo hwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu . Efisɛ ɛho hia paa sɛ wuhu nea ɛde ba no na wosa no ntɛm ara sɛnea wubetumi.

Thalamus yɛ akwaa a ɛyɛ nwonwa ampa, ɛnte saa? Ɛyɛ nwonwa sɛ yebesusuw sɛnea yɛn nipadua no fã ketewaa biara yɛ nnwuma a ɛho hia no ho!

` Thalamus, amemene, ntini nhyehyɛe, nkate, kankyee, nkae, nna, amemene mu nyarewa