Tonometry: Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm tiawa!

So wɔayɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu pɛn? Bere a woyɛɛ saa no, ebia na wowɔ sɔhwɛ bi a wɔmaa wo mframa mfɛnsere ketewaa bi anaa adwinnade ketewaa bi a wode bɛhwɛ w’ani. Ɛno ne nea yɛtaa frɛ no tonometry. Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛho hia ankasa , titiriw ma aniwa mu tebea horow te sɛ atiridiinini a wohu ntɛm. Enti, momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri kakra nnɛ, ɛnte saa?

Dɛn ne tonometry? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Tonometry yɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu titiriw bi a ɛkyerɛ nhyɛso a ɛwɔ w’ani mu, a wɔfrɛ no intraocular pressure . Ɛte sɛ nea worehwɛ wo mogya mmoroso, nanso ɛfa w’ani pɔtee ho. Ɛyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a ɛho hia sen biara a wɔde hu atiridiinini no mu biako . Akwan pii wɔ hɔ a wɔfa so yɛ sɔhwɛ yi. Wɔn nyinaa yɛ ntɛm na ɛnyɛ yaw.

Bere bɛn na wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi?

Aniwa ho animdefo na wɔtaa yɛ tonometry, a ɛne aniwa ho animdefo ne aniwa ho animdefo. Nneɛma pii nti na ɛte saa:

• Hwɛ na hu atiridiinini: Eyi ne ade titiriw a ɛde ba. Glaucoma yɛ yare a nhyɛso a ɛkɔ soro wɔ aniwa no mu no sɛe aniwa ntini no na ebetumi ama obi nhu ade yiye.
• Sɛ́ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ daa no fã: Sɛ woyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu daa a, eyi betumi ayɛ saa nhwehwɛmu no fã.
• Bere a aniwa a ebetumi apira anaa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi wɔ hɔ: Wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu yi bere a biribi asi aniwa no so, anaasɛ bere a wuhu biribi soronko wɔ w’ani so sen sɛnea wotaa yɛ no.
• Sɛ worenom nnuru bi a: Sɛ worenom nnuru ama tebea foforo a, wɔyɛ eyi nso de hwɛ sɛ aniwa mu nhyɛso rekɔ soro sɛ saa aduru no mu nsunsuanso bɔne (ocular hypertension).
• Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛhwɛ ayaresa a wɔde ma nnipa a wɔwɔ atiridiinini: Sɛ wowɔ atiridiinini dedaw a, wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi daa de hwɛ sɛ w’ayaresa no reyɛ adwuma na wɔadi w’ani so nhyɛso so anaa. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a nnuruyɛfo kamfo mfiri a wubetumi de asusuw w’ani so wɔ fie kyerɛ.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na saa (tonometry) sɔhwɛ yi yɛ adwuma?

Ɛnyɛ den koraa. Tonometry susuw nhyɛso a ɛwɔ w’ani no anim dan no mu. Saa dan yi wɔ ani no akyi. Nsu bi a wɔfrɛ no aqueous humor wɔ mu. Nhyɛso a efi nsu yi mu no na ɛma yɛn ani kɔ so yɛ kurukuruwa. Ade a wɔde susuw saa nhyɛso yi ne mercury milimita (mmHg) . Ɛyɛ unit koro no ara a wɔde susuw mogya mmoroso.

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ akwan horow a wɔfa so yɛ sɔhwɛ yi.

Dɛn ne akwan horow a wɔfa so yɛ tonometry?

W’ani ho ɔbenfo betumi afa akwan horow pii so ayɛ nhwehwɛmu yi:

• Nkyerɛaseɛ tonometry:"Applanation" kyerɛ sɛ "ɛyɛ tratraa." Wɔ saa kwan yi so no, wɔde afiri ketewaa bi a ɛte sɛ diski a ɛyɛ tratraa mia w’ani no ani brɛoo. Eyi kyerɛ nhyɛso dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ wode di dwuma ansa na w’ani no ani afi ase ayɛ petee. Wɔkyerɛ sɛ eyi ne ɔkwan a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ sen biara . Wɔde di dwuma de si nea ɛnteɛ a efi akwan afoforo mu ba no so dua.
• Kɔ so hwɛ w’ani: Wɔ saa kwan yi so no, wode sensor te sɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ w’ani bɛhyɛ w’ani so. Nhwehwɛmufo nso reyɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ saa sensor a wotumi hyɛ yi mu, ne ɔkwan bi a wɔfa so yɛ oprehyɛn de sensor bi hyɛ aniwa no mu.
• Dynamic contour tonometry: Saa mfiri yi wɔ sensor tip ketewaa bi a ɛka aniwa no, nanso ɛnyɛ indentation.
• Electronic indentation tonometry: Mfiri a wɔde di dwuma wɔ saa kwan yi so no wɔ nhwehwɛmu ketewaa bi a wɔde wɔn nsa ka aniwa no ani kosi sɛ wɔbɛbɔ aniwa no mu.
• Non-contact tonometry: Eyi ne nea nnipa pii nim sɛ "mframa a wɔde bɔ" sɔhwɛ. Saa mfiri yi kyerɛ mframa a ɛretu kɔ w’aniwa no so. Bere a mframa no bɔ na ɛsan kɔ akyi no, wɔsusuw nsakrae nketenkete a ɛba ani no nsusuwii mu a ɛba wɔ sikɔne kakraa bi mu no. Air puff tonometers de mframa ketewaa bi a wɔde bɔ di dwuma, bere a ocular response analysers de mframa a ɛretu di dwuma.
• Rebound tonometry: Wɔ saa kwan yi so no, wɔde ade ketewaa bi a ɛte sɛ plastic bɔɔl ba aniwa no so ntɛmntɛm na sɛ ɛka aniwa no ani pɛ a, egyina. Afiri no susuw nhyɛso a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu bere a bɔɔl no ka aniwa no ani nkakrankakra na ɛnyɛ yaw no. Ebia wɔbɛkamfo mfiri ahorow bi a wɔde saa kwan yi di dwuma nso akyerɛ wo sɛ fa di dwuma wɔ fie.

Susuw ho hwɛ, wɔayɛ akwan yi nyinaa sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobesusuw aniwa mu nhyɛso pɛpɛɛpɛ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye biara, a ɛremma wo ho nyɛ wo yaw anaa ɛyaw biara.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ yesiesie yɛn ho ma eyi?

Mpɛn pii no, ahosiesie titiriw biara nni hɔ a ɛho nhia mma tonometry sɔhwɛ. Adeɛ baako pɛ a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ worenhyɛ biribiara a ɛbɛma wo kɔn ayɛ den (e.g. kɔla a ɛyɛ den) wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu. Sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, hyɛ atade foforo anaasɛ sansan ne kɔla no kakra. Nhyɛso a ɛwɔ wo kɔn ho fi ntade mu no betumi ama w’aniwa mu nhyɛso akenkan ayɛ te sɛ nea ɛkorɔn kakra.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ kwan bere a woreyɛ sɔhwɛ no?

Nea wunya wɔ tonometry sɔhwɛ mu no betumi ayɛ soronko kakra a egyina ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ no so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ woreyɛ applanation tonometry a, wo duruyɛfo de aduru bi a ɛma obi dwensɔ ne aduru bi a wɔfrɛ no fluorescein bɛhyɛ w’ani mu. Nanso, akwan foforo pii te sɛ tonometry a ɛnyɛ nea wɔde di nkitaho no nhwehwɛ sɛ eyinom mu biara.

Akwan dodow no ara a wɔfa so yɛ no gye sikani kakraa bi pɛ na wɔde ayɛ sɔhwɛ no. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na woanya nea eye sen biara afi akwan a wɔfa so yɛ ntɛm yi mu no, eye sɛ wobɛsusuw nneɛma pii na woayɛ no sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ. Enti sɛ wo duruyɛfo no susuw nneɛma pii anaa osusuw sɛ woayɛ biribi a ɛnteɛ a, mma ɛnyɛ wo nwonwa. Akwan bi te sɛ applanation tonometry betumi agye simma pii. W’ani hwɛ ho ɔbenfo bɛka nea ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ kwan bere a wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no ho nsɛm pii akyerɛ wo.

Sɔhwɛ no akyi?

Oduruyɛfo no betumi aka nea afi mu aba no akyerɛ wo bere a wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu no ara pɛ.

Sɛ wɔama wo aniwa aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ a, mfa biribiara nhyɛ w’ani so kosi sɛ aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no bɛsɛe. Aduru a wɔde kum aniwa no remma wonte ɛyaw biara, enti ɛda adi sɛ wubepira w’ani bere a ayɛ mmerɛw no.

So eyi yɛ yaw?

Tonometry nyɛ yaw , ɛwom sɛ ebia ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ no bɛhwehwɛ sɛ wode w’aniwa no bɛka wo ho kakra de. Sɛ wote ɛyaw bi nka bere a woreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no a, ka kyerɛ w’ani duruyɛfo. Wubetumi nso abisa no ɛyaw no, bere tenten a ɛbɛtra hɔ, ne nea wobetumi ayɛ wɔ ho.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mogya mmoroso dodow a ɛfata yɛ?

Wɔ nnipa dodow no ara fam no, wobu dodow a ɛfata sɛ ɛyɛ mmHg 10 kosi mmHg 21 . Sɛ nea efi mu ba no boro saa dodow a ɛfata yi akyi a, nneɛma kakraa bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aba.

Na sɛ nea efi mu ba no dɔɔso dodo nso ɛ?

Sɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den kyerɛ sɛ wo nhyɛso no yɛ kɛse a, ɛda adi sɛ w’ani duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ applanation tonometry nhwehwɛmu de si susuw no so dua. Sɛ wo nhyɛso da so ara yɛ kɛse esiane applanation tonometry nti a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛhwɛ so yiye anaasɛ ɔbɛkyerɛ ayaresa akwan horow. Ebia wɔde wo nso bɛba ma wɔakɔhwɛ wo daa.

Ebia w’ani ho ɔbenfo nso betu wo fo sɛ susuw w’ani so nhyɛso wɔ fie. Sɛ saa a, hwɛ hu sɛ wubebisa nea wobɛyɛ sɛ w’akenkan ahorow no boro nea ɛfata so a. Sɛ w’akenkan no korɔn kakra sen sɛnea ɛte daa a, ebia ebehia sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo titiriw bi di wo akyi. Nanso, sɛ w’akenkan boro saa koraa a, ebia wubehia ayaresa ntɛm ara .

Nea ɛho hia: Nhyɛso a ɛkɔ soro wɔ aniwa no mu esiane angle-closure glaucoma nti no yɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsa no ntɛm ara. Sɛ wɔansa saa tebea yi ntɛm a, ebetumi ama aniwa asɛe ntɛm ara na aniwa nhu ade daa.

Anamɔn afoforo betumi ayɛ soronko a egyina wo tebea pɔtee ne w’ahiade ahorow so. W’ani hwɛ ho ɔbenfo bɛka nea ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ kwan ho nsɛm pii a egyina wo tebea so.

Na sɛ nea efi mu ba no sua koraa nso ɛ?

Aniwa mu nhyɛso a ɛba fam nso yɛ ade a ɛhaw adwene, efisɛ ebetumi asɛe aniwa no nso na ama aniwa no ayera. Mpɛn pii no aniwa mu nhyɛso a ɛba fam no nnu 5 mmHg anaa 6 mmHg . Sɛ w’ani so nhyɛso sua koraa a, w’ani ho ɔbenfo ne wo bɛkasa afa ayaresa a wubetumi apaw ne nsrahwɛ a wobedi akyi de ahwɛ w’ani akwahosan ho.

So metumi aka kar no wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi?

Ebia wuntumi nka kar bere a wɔayɛ w’ani so nhyɛso ho nhwehwɛmu awie no anaasɛ wuntumi nka kar. Eyi gyina nneɛma pii so. Ade biako a ɛho hia ne sɛ ebia na w’aniwa no mu trɛw (wɔ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔtaa yɛ mu no, wɔtrɛw aniwa no mu wɔ tonometry sɔhwɛ akyi). W’ani a wobɛtrɛw mu no betumi ama woanya hann kɛse, na ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wubehu anaa wobɛkenkan nneɛma abɛn. Mpɛn pii no, saa nsunsuanso ahorow yi di nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi.

Mpɛn pii no, aniwa ho animdefo nya ahwehwɛ a wɔde tow gu a wubetumi ahyɛ bere a wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu no awie (sɛ wohyɛ ahwehwɛ a, mpɛn pii no wobetumi de saa ntade yi ahyɛ w’aniwa ahwehwɛ no so). Saa nsunsuanso yi betumi aboa wo ma woahu na woatra hɔ yiye kakra denam hann no hyerɛn ne hann a ɛbɛtew so. Nnipa pii hu sɛ wɔda so ara tumi ka kar bere a wɔatrɛw wɔn ani awie no. Nanso, sɛ w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa wɔ sɛ ebia wubetumi aka kar bere a wɔayɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu awie no ho a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wususuw kar foforo a wubetumi afa so akɔ w’ani ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn na woasan aba no ho .

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛma ɛtra yɛn adwenem

Yiw, ebia w’ani rennye mframa anaa adwene a ɛne sɛ wobɛkura afiri a wɔde nsa yɛ mu abɛn w’ani saa no ho. Nanso ntease pa bi wɔ hɔ a enti ɛte saa. Glaucoma yɛ tebea a ɛtaa ba, nanso mpɛn pii no, wotumi hu nhyɛso kɛse a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu a ɛde ba no ansa na woahu yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne anaasɛ woasɛe no daa.

Sɛ wowɔ nhyɛso kɛse wɔ w’ani so a, w’ani ho ɔbenfo wɔ ha sɛ ɔbɛboa wo. Ebia wɔn mmoa no bɛyɛ nea wuhia na ama woatumi adi nhyɛso a ɛwɔ w’ani mu no so pɛpɛɛpɛ. Ebetumi aboa nso ma adwennwen a wote nka wɔ w’ani akwahosan nyinaa ho no so atew. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ wohwɛ w’ani daa, a wonsuro anaasɛ wonyɛ ɔkwasea.

` Glaucoma, Tonometry, Aniwa Nhyɛso, Aniwa Nhwehwɛmu, Aniwa Akwahosan, Aniwa Yare, Aniwa Ho Oduruyɛfo