So biribi foforo bi wɔ wo nsu mu nhwehwɛmu amanneɛbɔ mu? Momma yɛnka Urine Cytology ho asɛm!

So woate ‘ Urine Cytology test ’ ho asɛm pɛn? Ebia ehu kaa wo kakra bere a oduruyɛfo bi ka kyerɛɛ wo sɛ yɛ nhwehwɛmu yi. Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo, wɔtaa yɛ de si biribi so dua. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nea ɛka nhwehwɛmu yi ho ne sɛ wobɛfa wo nsu no bi na wɔama oduruyɛfo bi a ɔyɛ ɔbenfo bi ahwɛ sɛ ebia kokoram nkwammoaa anaa nkwammoaa a ebetumi adan kokoram wom anaa.

Dɛn ankasa ne Urine Cytology?

Okay, nea edi kan no ma yɛnhwɛ nea "Cytology" yɛ. Nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu yɛ nkwammoaa biako a wogye fi ntini anaa nsu a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu mu ho nhwehwɛmu. Wɔ eyi mu no, oduruyɛfo bi a wɔatete no titiriw a wɔfrɛ no "Cytopathologist" de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nkwammoaa yi hwɛ sɛ ebia nneɛma bi a ɛnteɛ anaa nsakrae bi wɔ mu anaa.

Enti, nsu mu nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛfa nkwammoaa fi wo nsu mu nhwɛsode mu, de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwɛ mu, na ɛhwɛ sɛ ebia biribiara nni hɔ a ɛnteɛ, titiriw kokoram nkwammoaa.

Bere bɛn na wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi (Urine Cytology)?

Wɔde saa (Urine Cytology) sɔhwɛ yi di dwuma titiriw de boa ma wohu kokoram ahorow a ɛwɔ nsu a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu . Ɛyɛ:

• Kokoram a ɛwɔ akisikuru mu
• Kokoram a ɛwɔ ureter, afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛde nsu fi asaabo mu kɔ akisikuru mu
• Kokoram a ɛwɔ urethra, afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛde nsu fi akisikuru mu kɔ nipadua no akyi
• Tebea horow te sɛ asaabo mu kokoram .

Nanso kae sɛ nnuruyɛfo ntaa nyɛ saa (Urine Cytology) nhwehwɛmu yi ara kwa na wosi gyinae ntɛm ara sɛ kokoram wɔ hɔ. Mpɛn pii no, wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ afoforo pii nso.

Bio nso, saa nsu mu nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu yi nso tumi hu ɔyare mmoawa te sɛ cytomegalovirus (a ɛka herpes mmoawa abusua no ho).

So nsu mu nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu ne nsu mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no nyinaa (nsu mu nhwehwɛmu) yɛ ade koro?

Yiw, ɛwom sɛ eyinom abien nyinaa yɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔde nsu a wɔde fa nsu mu yɛ de, nanso nsonsonoe kɛse da abien no ntam.

Nsu mu nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu yɛ sɔhwɛ titiriw bi. Nea ɛka ho ne sɛ wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwɛ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ nsu a wɔde yɛ nsu mu no. Nyarewa ho ɔbenfo no hwehwɛ kokoram nkwammoaa titiriw.

Ɔkwan foforo so no, nsu mu nhwehwɛmu yɛ nsu mu nhwehwɛmu titiriw a nnuruyɛfo de hwehwɛ nyarewa ne tebea horow te sɛ nsu mu yare (UTIs) , asaabo mu yare, ne asikreyare na wodi ho dwuma.

Nsu mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ daa no hwehwɛ sɛnea nsu no te, sɛnea ɛdɔɔso, ne nea ɛwom. Etumi hu sɛ nkwammoaa, nkwammoaa asinasin, anaa ahwehwɛ, protein, ne glucose (asikre) wɔ nsu mu.

Ebia oduruyɛfo bi bɛkra sɛ wɔnyɛ wɔn nsu mu nhwehwɛmu esiane biribi pɔtee bi nti, nanso mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa, ebia pɛnkoro afe biara. Wɔnnyɛ nsu mu nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu mpɛn pii saa, na wɔyɛ no bere a ntease pɔtee bi wɔ hɔ nkutoo.

Bere bɛn na oduruyɛfo no bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ saa (Urine Cytology) nhwehwɛmu yi?

Sɛ wo duruyɛfo susuw sɛ wowɔ kokoram a ɛwɔ wo nsu mu a, obetumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ wo nsu mu nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu. Nsɛnkyerɛnne no bi ne:

• Mogya a ɛwɔ nsu mu (hematuria) .
• Ɛyaw a wɔte nka bere nyinaa bere a woretow nsu no.
• Ɔhyew a ɛba bere a ɔreto nsu no.

Ɛwom sɛ nsu mu nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu betumi aboa ma wɔahu kokoram ahorow bi de, nanso ɛwɔ anohyeto ahorow nso. Esiane sɛ nsu mu nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu nhu kokoram nkwammoaa nti, ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi nni kokoram. Ɛno nti na nnuruyɛfo taa yɛ nhwehwɛmu afoforo pii ka sɔhwɛ yi ho, na ebia mpo wɔbɛyɛ nsu mu nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu bio wɔ bere bi akyi.

Ebia oduruyɛfo bi bɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ fa nsu a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu ma wɔ nsu mu nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu ho esiane nneɛma afoforo nti. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Sɛ woanya akisikuru pɛn na woanya ayaresa a, hwɛ sɛ asan aba anaa.
• Sɛ wowɔ UTI a ɛsan ba a, hwɛ mmoawa a wɔwɔ wo nsu mu no so.
• Hwɛ sɛ ɔyare mmoawa bi wɔ hɔ anaa.

Hena na ɔyɛ saa (Urine Cytology) nhwehwɛmu yi? Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔfa nhwɛsode no?

Mpɛn pii no, onipa a ɔreyɛ nsu mu nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu no boaboa nsu no ano gu kuruwa a ɔyare mmoawa nnim mu wɔ ankorankoro aguaree mu. Wɔfrɛ eyi "nsu a wɔkyere a ɛho tew a wɔkyere nsu nhwɛsode." Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ ɔyarefo no anaa akwahosan ho ɔyaresafo bi betumi agye nsu a wɔde yɛ nsu no a, ɛho behia sɛ ɔde afiri teateaa bi a wɔfrɛ no catheter fa nsu a wɔde fa nsu mu no mu kɔ akisikuru no mu.

Oduruyɛfo betumi nso afa nsu bi akɔyɛ nsu mu nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu bere a wɔreyɛ cystoscopy , adeyɛ a oduruyɛfo de adwinnade a ɛyɛ tratraa a mfoninitwa afiri wom di dwuma de hwehwɛ akisikuru no mu ne nsu a ɛkɔ nsu mu no mu.

Afei akwahosan ho ɔyaresafo no de nsu a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu no kɔ aduruyɛdan mu. Ɔyare ho ɔbenfo anaa nkwammoaa mu ɔyare ho ɔbenfo de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ nsu a wɔde yɛ nhwɛsode no mu no mu na ɔyɛ amanneɛbɔ.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ wusiesie wo ho ansa na woayɛ sɔhwɛ?

Ɛsɛ sɛ wode nsuo ma Urine Cytology nhwehwɛmu no bere a woatoto wo ho kan anɔpa.. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ, nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ nsu mu a atra akisikuru no mu akyɛ, kyerɛ sɛ, anadwo mũ nyinaa no tumi sɛe nkakrankakra. Sɛ ɛnte saa a, ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no bɛhwehwɛ nkwammoaa no mu pefee wɔ afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete mu. Enti, ɛnsɛ sɛ nhwɛsode a wode ma wo (Urine Cytology) sɔhwɛ no yɛ ade a edi kan anɔpa.

Ɛda adi kɛse sɛ ɛho behia sɛ woyɛ nhyehyɛe wɔ ayaresabea anaa aduruyɛdan mu sɛ wobɛma wo nsu a wode bɛkɔ.

Dɛn ne anammɔn a wɔfa so yɛ nsu mu nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu?

Mpɛn pii no, anammɔn atitiriw anan na ɛwɔ hɔ wɔ nsu mu nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu mu:

1. Nsuo nhwɛsoɔ a wɔboaboa ano.

2. Nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ nsu a wɔde yɛ nhwɛsode no mu a wosiesie.

3. Nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ nsu a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu no mu a wɔbɛhwɛ.

4. Nea ebefi mu aba ho amanneɛbɔ.

Okay, afei momma yɛnhwɛ anammɔn yi nkɔ akyiri kakra.

Nsuo a wɔde yɛ nhwɛsoɔ a wɔboaboa ano

Mpɛn pii no, onipa a ɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no na ɔboaboa nhwɛsode a wɔde bɛyɛ nsu mu nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu no ano.

Ansa na wobɛgye wo nsuo no, ebia wo duruyɛfoɔ bɛma wo kit soronko bi. Ebia aduru bi ne nnuru a wɔde popa nneɛma a ɛho tew a wode bɛhohoro wo honam ani fã a ɛwɔ wo honam ani no wom. Eyi yɛ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a mmoawa a wofi wo nsu a ɛwɔ wo nsu mu no akyi, te sɛ honam ani hwɛbea a ɛwɔ wo awotwaa mu anaa wo barima no so no, ansiw nsu a wɔde yɛ nhwɛsode no mu. Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wubedi akwankyerɛ a ɛfa sɛnea wɔde saa nneɛma a wɔde popa nneɛma ho yi bedi dwuma no akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ. Afei ɛho behia sɛ woyi nsu bi gu tiafi mu na woboaboa nea aka no ano wɔ kuruwa a ɔyare mmoawa nnim mu. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo nsu dodow a wuhia ma nhwehwɛmu no.

Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, ebia ebehia sɛ wo anaa oduruyɛfo bi de catheter hyehyɛ mu na wofa nsu a wɔde gu mu.

Oduruyɛfo nso betumi agye nsu bere a wɔreyɛ cystoscopy no .

Afei wo duruyɛfo de saa nsu a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu yi bɛkɔ aduruyɛdan mu.

Nkwammoaa a wosiesie fi nsu a wɔde yɛ nhwɛsode mu

Sɛ wɔboaboa nsuo no ano wie a, ɔyareɛ ho ɔbenfoɔ anaa afiri a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu no bɛtumi de afiri bi a wɔfrɛ no centrifuge adi dwuma de atete nkwammoaa a wɔpɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ no ne nsuo no mu. Centrifuge no twitwiw nhwɛsode no ntɛmntɛm yiye, na ɛtetew nkwammoaa no ne nsu no mu. Afei ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no de nkwammoaa no gu afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete so na ɔde nnuru soronko a wɔde yɛ nneɛma gu so. Saa nkekae yi ma ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no hu nkwammoaa no su ahorow bi pefee bere a wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwɛ no.

Nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ nhwɛsode no mu a wɔhwehwɛ mu

Bere a ɔyare ho ɔbenfo anaa afiri a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu no siesie nsu mu nkwammoaa nhwɛsode no na ɔde nkekae gu so wie no, wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwɛ nkwammoaa no hwɛ sɛ ebia nkwammoaa bi a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so wɔ hɔ anaa. Sɛ wohu nkwammoaa bi a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so a, wɔde kyerɛwdua soronko bi hyɛ mmeae a ɛwɔ slide no so a na nkwammoaa no wɔ no agyirae. Afei ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no yɛ amanneɛbɔ bi.

Nea afi mu aba ho amanneɛbɔ

Sɛ ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no siesie amanneɛbɔ no wie a, wɔde bɛkɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn.Wɔde bɛmena. Wo duruyɛfo ne wo bɛbɔ nea ebefi mu aba no ho nkɔmmɔ na wasi nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ akyi.

Dɛn na ɛba wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi?

Ebia ebegye bere kakra ansa na wo sɔhwɛ mu aba asan aba. Esiane sɛ anohyeto ahorow wɔ nsu mu nhwehwɛmu ahorow mu nti, ɛda adi sɛ wo duruyɛfo bɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu pii bio mfa nhwehwɛ kokoram wɔ nsu mu. Esiane eyi nti, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛpɛ sɛ ɔka sɔhwɛ biara mu aba ho asɛm kyerɛ wo bere a ɛba no. Wo duruyɛfo bɛka sɛnea adeyɛ no bɛkɔ so akyerɛ wo, a nea ɛka ho ne sɛ ɔbɛkyerɛ nea ebefi mu aba no na wabɔ wo amanneɛ.

So asiane ahorow bi wɔ sɔhwɛ yi mu?

Nnipa pii yɛ nsu mu nhwehwɛmu denam nsu a wɔde gu kuruwa a mmoawa nnim mu so, enti asiane anaa nsunsuanso bɔne biara nni mu.

Nanso, sɛ wo duruyɛfo de catheter (afiri teateaa bi a wɔde hyɛ wo nsu mu) di dwuma de boaboa nsu ano a, asiane ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya nsu mu yare (UTI) . Nanso, UTI yɛ tebea horow a abu so na wotumi sa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nea efi Urine Cytology sɔhwɛ no mu ba no ba? Dɛn na wɔkyerɛ?

Ebia ɔyare ho animdefo de nsɛmfua ahorow bedi dwuma wɔ nsu mu nkwammoaa ho amanneɛbɔ mu. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ nea ebefi mu aba no mu akyerɛ wo. Nsuro sɛ wubebisa nsɛm.

Mpɛn pii no, nea efi mu ba no kyerɛ sɛ ebia nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ nsu a wɔde yɛɛ nhwɛso no mu no nni nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ, nkwammoaa a edii kokoram anim, ne/anaasɛ kokoram nkwammoaa mu anaasɛ ɛyɛ papa.

Ebia nsɛmfua te sɛ:

• Nhwɛsode a ɛnyɛ nea abotɔyam: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia nkwammoaa a ɛdɔɔso nni wo nsu a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu no mu a ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no betumi ahu. Ɛho behia sɛ wode nsu foforo a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu ma sɛ eyi te saa a.
• Negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no anhu kokoram nkwammoaa anaa nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ biara wɔ wo nsu a wɔde yɛɛ nhwehwɛmu no mu.
• Atypical urothelial cells: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no huu nneɛma bi a ɛnteɛ wɔ wo nsu a wɔde yɛɛ nhwehwɛmu no mu, nanso nkwammoaa no nyɛ nea ɛnteɛ araa ma wobetumi abu no sɛ kokoram.
• Suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no huu nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ wɔ wo nsu a wode yɛɛ nhwehwɛmu no mu a ebetumi ayɛ kokoram.
• Positive for high-grade urothelial carcinoma: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no huu kokoram nkwammoaa wɔ wo nsu mu.

Nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ a ɛwɔ wo nsu mu nso betumi ayɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo nsu a ɛkɔ wo nsu mu no ayɛ hyew . Sɛ woanya mframa a wɔde sa yare wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn wo akisikuru a, ebia nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so nso wɔ wo nsu mu.

Nsu mu nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu betumi aboa ma wɔahu kokoram nkutoo. Nnuruyɛfo mfa eyi nkutoo nni dwuma mfa nhu sɛ wowɔ nsu mu kokoram anaa. Sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so, ɛyɛ adwenem naayɛ, anaa kokoram wɔ wo nsu mu a, ɛda adi sɛ wo duruyɛfo no bɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo te sɛ cystoscopy anaa CT scan mfa nhwɛ wo akisikuru ne wo nsu mu.

Bere tenten ahe na ebegye ansa na mahu nea ebefi mu aba?

Bere a egye ansa na wo Urine Cytology nhwehwɛmu no aba no gyina nneɛma pii so:

• Bisa a wobebisa ɔyare ho ɔbenfo no sɛ ebia ɛsɛ sɛ ohu nhwɛsode pii anaa.
• Sɛ́ ebia sɔhwɛ no hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde nkekae soronko anaasɛ akwan horow a wɔfa so yɛ no.
• Sɛ́ ebia wuhia adwene a ɛto so abien fi wo duruyɛfo anaa ɔyare ho ɔbenfo hɔ no.
• So woayɛ sɔhwɛ foforo biara?
• Nhwɛsode bere a wɔde yɛ adwuma.

Esiane sɛ ɛsono obiara tebea nti, wo duruyɛfo bɛma woanya bere a wubetumi ahwɛ kwan sɛ nea ebefi mu aba no ho adwene pa.

Nsu mu nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu no yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ dɛn?

Nsuo mu nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu boa kɛse wɔ akisikuru a ɛkorɔn a ɛkɔ soro ( kokoram nkwammoaa a enyin na ɛtrɛw ntɛmntɛm) ne carcinoma in situ (nkwaboaa kuw bi a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so a ɛka baabi a wodii kan hyehyɛe nkutoo) a wohu no mu. Ɛwɔ 95% pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ wɔ tebea abien yi a wohu mu.

Nanso, nsu mu nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu ntumi nhu kokoram a ɛba fam (kokoram nkwammoaa a enyin na ɛtrɛw) no mu. Ɛwɔ pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ dodoɔ a ɛyɛ 10% kɔsi 50% ma kokoram a ɛte saa. Ɛsan nso wɔ atoro-asɛmmɔne dodow a ɛho hia ma tebea yi. Ɛne sɛ, ebia nea efi nsu mu nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu mu ba bɛkyerɛ sɛ obi nni kokoram a ɛba fam, nanso nhwehwɛmu afoforo betumi akyerɛ sɛ onipa no wɔ kokoram a ɛba fam ampa.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Nsu mu nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu betumi ayɛ adwinnade a mfaso wɔ so wɔ nsu mu kokoram a wobehu mu. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae ne sɛ, sɛ wo duruyɛfo susuw sɛ wowɔ kokoram wɔ nsu mu a, ɛho behia sɛ woyɛ nea ɛsen nsu mu nkwammoaa mu nhwehwɛmu kɛkɛ. Bere a nea ebefi nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hu yare mu aba a wobɛtwɛn no betumi ayɛ adwennwen no, hu sɛ w’aduruyɛfo kuw no wɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛboa wo ɛmfa ho nea ebefi mu aba biara. Nsuro sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo nsɛm wɔ saa adeyɛ yi nyinaa mu.

` Nsuo mu Nkwammoaa Ho Nhwehwɛmu, Nsuo mu Nhwehwɛmu, Kokoram, Akisikuru Kokoram, Asaabo mu Kokoram, Nkwammoaa mu Nhwehwɛmu