Dɛn ne myelin aduru a atwa yɛn ntini mu nkwammoaa ho ahyia yi? Momma yɛnka ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri!

So woasusuw sɛnea abɔfo nkumaa a wɔwɔ yɛn nipadua mu, ntini mu nkwammoaa no, yɛ adwuma ntɛmntɛm na wɔn ani da hɔ no ho pɛn? Nokwarem no, yɛn nipadua nyinaa, efi ɔkwan a yɛfa so susuw nneɛma ho so kosi sɛnea yɛkeka yɛn nsa ne yɛn nan so no, saa ntini ahorow yi na ɛhwɛ so. Enti ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka biribi a ɛho hia paa a ɛboa ma saa ntini mu nkwammoaa yi yɛ adwuma yiye ho asɛm. Ɛno ne Myelin Sheath no .

Dɛn ne Myelin Sheath no? Momma yɛnte ase kɛkɛ!

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, myelin aduru no yɛ ade a ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban a ɛkata yɛn ntini mu nkwammoaa no mu biara ho (a yɛsan frɛ no `(Neuron)`). Ɛte sɛ nsateaa ketewaa bi. Wɔde srade (i.e. `(Lipids)`) ne protein na ɛyɛ. Saa kataso yi kata ntini mu nkwammoaa no fã titiriw a ɛyɛ "dua" a wɔfrɛ no axon . Fa no sɛ anyinam ahoɔden hama a ɛwɔ yɛn afie mu. Ɛwɔ plastic a wɔde abɔ kɔbere nhama no ho. Saa na myelin aduru yi bɔ ntini mu nkwammoaa no ho ban na ɛboa ma wɔyɛ adwuma yiye.

Dɛn ne ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no afã horow? Ɛte sɛ dua!

Ansa na yɛbɛka myelin kotoku no ho asɛm pii no, momma yɛnte nea ntini mu nkwammoaa yɛ ne nea ɛyɛ n’afã horow no ase. Ntini mu nkwammoaa na ɛka bom yɛ yɛn ntini ahorow . Saa ntini ahorow yi te sɛ beae titiriw a wɔde nsɛm sesa wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Egye nsɛm fi nipadua no nyinaa mu, ɛyɛ ho biribi, na ɛyɛ nsakrae ma ɛne nea ɛrekɔ so wɔ nipadua no mu ne akyi no hyia. Sɛ yesusuw ntini mu nkwammoaa ho a, ɛwɔ afã atitiriw abiɛsa. Fa no sɛ ntini mu nkwammoaa te sɛ dua : 1. Soma anaa Nkwammoaa Nipadua: Eyi te sɛ dua ntini. Dendrites , a ɛte sɛ soma ntini no, twetwe "aduannuru" fi asase no mu. Nanso ha no, "aduannuru" yɛ nnuru nkrasɛm a efi ntini mu nkwammoaa afoforo a ɛbɛn hɔ mu ba. Afei wɔdan saa nkrasɛm ahorow yi ma ɛbɛyɛ anyinam ahoɔden. Nkwammoaa no nucleus nso wɔ soma yi mu. 2. Axon: Eyi te sɛ dua dua tenten. Sɛnea aduannuru a wɔtwe fi dua ntini mu no kɔ soro wɔ dua no dua no mu no, saa ara na axon no nso de anyinam ahoɔden a efi soma no mu ba no fa so. 3. Axon Terminal: Eyi te sɛ nkorabata a ɛwɔ dua nkorabata ano. Ahaban ne pollen fi saa nkorabata yi mu. Saa kwan yi so no, anyinam ahoɔden nkate no "yi" fi saa axon awiei yi mu sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ntini nkwammoaa a edi hɔ no betumi afa. Saa adeyɛ yi kɔ so kosi sɛ nkrasɛm no bedu w’amemene, w’akyi berɛmo , anaa wo nipadua no afã afoforo. Nea efi mu ba ne nneɛma te sɛ ntini a ɛtwetwe ma ɛka wo nsa, ɛboa wo ma wohome, anaa ɛma wo koma bɔ. Afei ebia woanya adwene kakra wɔ sɛnea ntini mu nkwammoaa bi hyehyɛ titiriw no ho.

Dɛn na ɛto Myelin Sheath no?

Myelin kotoku no wɔ dwumadi atitiriw abiɛsa:

• Ahobammɔ a wɔde ma: Sɛnea madi kan aka no, saa srade-protein a wɔde kata so yi ma ntini nkwammoaa no bɔ ho ban, te sɛ plastic a wɔde akata anyinam ahoɔden nhama ho no ara pɛ.
• Nkitahodi a ɛkɔ ntɛmntɛm: Eyi nti na anyinam ahoɔden fi ntini mu nkwammoaa biako mu kɔ foforo mu ntɛmntɛm na ɛyɛ adwuma yiye no . Sɛ myelin nni hɔ a, anka akwantu yi bɛyɛ brɛoo yiye.
• Ahoɔden a ɛwɔ nkate no mu a wobɛkɔ so akura mu: Saa myelin aduru yi boa ma nkrasɛm no mu ahoɔden kɔ so bere a ɛnam axon no so no.

Nkwammoaa a wɔfrɛ no oligodendrocytes a ɛwɔ yɛn amemene ne yɛn akyi berɛmo mu (a yɛfrɛ no Central Nervous System (CNS) . Saa ara nso na Schwann nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ yɛn Peripheral Nervous System (ntini a ɛwɔ mfinimfini ntini nhyehyɛe no akyi, a ɛtrɛw wɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa) na ɛyɛ myelin.Saa ntini a ɛwɔ akyi no ne nea ɛde nkrasɛm kɔ ntini a ɛwɔ mfinimfini ne nipadua no ntam nipadua no fã a aka.

Dɛn na wɔfrɛ nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ myelin aduru no mu?

Mma nsusuw sɛ myelin aduru no yɛ ade a ɛkɔ so kata so na ɛyɛ den. Dabi, ɛte sɛ keteke tenten bi a nnaka wom. Baabi a adaka biako ba awiei na adaka a edi hɔ no fi ase no, ɔkwan ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ. Saa ara nso na myelin nhama a ɛtoatoa so a ɛtetew wɔn ho wɔn ho na ɛyɛ myelin kotoku no. Wɔfrɛ saa myelin nhama yi mu biara sɛ internode . Wɔfrɛ saa nsonsonoe nketenkete yi a ɛda myelin nhama abien ntam yi nodes of Ranvier . Sodium ions a ɛyɛ papa pii wɔ Ranvier ntini ahorow yi mu. Sɛ anyinam ahoɔden sɛnkyerɛnne anaa nhyɛso bi fa axon no so a, ehuruw fi Ranvier node biako so kɔ foforo so. Sɛ ɛtwa saa kwan yi a, sodium ions no san hyɛ anyinam ahoɔden sɛnkyerɛnne no mu den. Afei sɛnkyerɛnne no betumi akɔ so atu kwan a ɛrenhwere ne ahoɔden anaasɛ n’ahoɔden nsɛe. Ɛyɛ adwinnade a ɛyɛ nwonwa yiye, ɛnte saa?

Sɛ myelin aduru no sɛe a, dɛn na ɛba?

Wɔkyerɛ sɛ ntini mu nkwammoaa bɛyɛ ɔpepepem 100 na ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Eyinom mu biara yɛ nnam bere nyinaa, ɛde nkrasɛm mena na ogye, na ɛhwɛ yɛn nipadua no dwumadi biara so. Susuw nea ɛbɛba sɛ myelin aduru a atwa ntini mu nkwammoaa yi ho ahyia no sɛe ho hwɛ. Afei na anyinam ahoɔden sɛnkyerɛnne no ahoɔhare bɛbrɛ ase, anaasɛ ebetumi agyina koraa. Ade titiriw biako nti a myelin sɛe ne nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no.Nkwammoaa no di mfomso susuw sɛ myelin yɛ biribi a ɛyɛ ahɔho a efi abɔnten. Afei yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no fi ase tow hyɛ myelin so. Eyi ma nneɛma a ɛma ɔhyew ba, na ɛsɛe myelin no. Awiei koraa no, nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ myelin (oligodendrocytes ne Schwann nkwammoaa) nso wuwu. Wɔfrɛ myelin aduru no a wɔsɛe no yi demyelination . Ɛsono baabi a myelin no tow hyɛ so no, wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no bɛsono.

Nyarewa bɛn na ɛsɛe myelin?

Nyarewa pii wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛe myelin. Ebia woate saa nyarewa yi bi ho asɛm.

Nyarewa a ɛka myelin a ɛwɔ ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no mfinimfini (CNS):

Yare a abu so sen biara a nnipa dodow no ara ate ho asɛm, a ɛtow hyɛ ntini a ɛwɔ mfinimfini (kyerɛ sɛ, amemene ne akyi berɛmo) mu myelin so ne multiple sclerosis . Nea ɛka ho no, nyarewa afoforo pii wɔ hɔ a ɛka ntini a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no myelin:

• Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: Eyi yɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛntaa nsi, ɛyɛ hu, na emu yɛ den a ɛba wɔ ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no mfinimfini no mu.
• Schilder's Sclerosis: Wɔsan frɛ no ``Diffuse Myelinoclastic Sclerosis'', eyi yɛ yare a ɛntaa nsi a ɛma ntini mu yare a ɛba mmofra mu.
• Transverse Myelitis: Eyi yɛ yare a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa a ɛma akyi berɛmo no ho hyehye.
• Neuromyelitis Optica: Wɔ eyi mu no, nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no nam nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa so tow hyɛ aniwa no ne akyi berɛmo mu ntini so .
• Optic Neuritis : Eyi nso fa aniwa ntini a ɛyɛ hyew ho.
• Tumefactive Demyelination : Eyi yɛ akuru biako a ɛsɛe myelin a ne kɛse boro sɛntimita 2.

Nyarewa a ɛka myelin wɔ ntini a ɛwɔ akyi no:

• Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi aba bere a wɔanya ɔyare mmoawa akyi anaasɛ, ɛntaa nsi koraa no, bere a wɔde aduru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban akyi.
• Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy ( CIDP ): Eyi yɛ yare a ɛkɔ so yɛ kɛse a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa a ɛtow hyɛ myelin so.
• Paraproteinemic Demyelinating Neuropathy: Eyi yɛ ntini mu yare bi a ɛne nipadua mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛne kokoram wɔ abusuabɔ wɔ abusuabɔ.
• Charcot Marie Tooth disease type 1 ne type X: Eyi yɛ ntini mu yare a wonya fi awo mu.
• Kɔbere a Enni Mu: Sɛ kɔbere dodow sua a, myelin hwere ne ahobammɔ tumi na ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ ɛbɛsɛe.

Tebea afoforo bɛn na ebetumi asɛe myelin?

Nneɛma afoforo nso wɔ hɔ a enti myelin kotoku no betumi asɛe anaasɛ asɛe wɔ mpanyimfo mu:

• Akisikuru a ɛma obi hwe ase
• Nyarewa, Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa ne nipadua mu nkwaadɔm mu yare (`(Metabolic Disorders)`) .
• Awuduru ahorow
• Vitamin B12 a Ɛho Hia
• Nnuru bi, sɛ nhwɛso no `(Ethambutol)`
• Nsã a wɔnom boro so

Bio nso, wɔ awosu mu nyarewa pii a wɔntaa nhu koraa mu no, myelin kotoku no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ne Tay-Sachs Yare , Gaucher Yare , Hurler Syndrome, ne Niemann-Pick Yare .

Susuw sɛnea yɛn nipadua no dwumadi bɛsɛe kɛse sɛ wosiw akwan a ɛkɔ ntɛmntɛm a ɛde nkrasɛm kɔ yɛn nipadua mu yi ano, te sɛ kar akwan a yɛbɛkɔ so akɔhyɛ mu no. Ɛno nti na myelin aduru no akwahosan ho hia kɛse no.

So wobetumi asiesie myelin a asɛe no?

Eyi ne asɛmmisa a nnipa pii wɔ. Yiw, wobetumi asiesie myelin a asɛe , wɔ ntini a ɛwɔ mfinimfini ne ntini a ɛwɔ akyi no nyinaa mu. Nanso ɛho hia sɛ wodi nneɛma a ɛma myelin sɛe te sɛ ɔfe no so, na wɔde nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa a esiw/sesa (sɛ nhwɛso no , steroids , intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) , ne nnuru afoforo) di dwuma. Nyansahufo anya nkɔso kɛse wɔ akwan a wobetumi afa so ama myelin asiesie no ho ntease mu. Ɛwom sɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a ɛhyɛ bɔ de, nanso wonnya nhuu mfaso kɛse a wɔanya ama ayarefo ankasa. Mprempren nnuru biara nni hɔ a wɔapene so sɛ wɔde besiesie myelin. Nhwɛso kakraa bi a efi adesua ahorow no mu ni:

• Phase II ayaresabea sɔhwɛ ketewaa bi ada no adi sɛ clemastine a wɔnom a wɔde ko tia histamine no wɔ tumi a ɛma wosiesie myelin. Clemastine maa anyinam ahoɔden nsɛnkyerɛnne a wɔde fa ayarefo a wɔwɔ aniwa mu ntini a asɛe mu no yɛɛ yiye. Nhwehwɛmu foforo a wɔyɛe wɔ nnipa a wodii kan yɛe no daa no adi sɛ asikreyare aduru a wɔfrɛ no metformin ne clemastine a wɔaka abom no boa ma myelin san yɛ foforo.
• Nkwammoaa a Wɔde Yɛ NnuadewaƐdenam molecule bi a wosiw ano wɔ oligodendrocyte nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ myelin wɔ ntini a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no mu (eyinom ne nkwammoaa ahorow nyinaa "dansi") so no, mprako a wɔwɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛte sɛ akisikuru pii no tumi siesiee wɔn myelin na wɔn ho tɔɔ wɔn koduu baabi.
• Nhwehwɛmu kɔ so wɔ tumi a ntini mu nkwammoaa betumi asiesie myelin a asɛe na ama yare no akɔ so brɛoo no ho.
• Nnuru afoforo da bɔhyɛ adi sɛ ɛbɛbɔ ntini ahorow no ho ban afi ɔsɛe foforo ho. Aduru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa a wɔfrɛ no ibudilast no maa amemene mu nkwammoaa a wowuwu (atrophy) no so tew kɛse wɔ Ɔfã II sɔhwɛ bi mu. Wɔada no adi sɛ aduru a wɔde sa akisikuru a wɔfrɛ no phenytoin no yɛ nea asiane biara nni ho, na ɛtew myelin a wɔsɛe no so 30% sɛ wɔde toto placebo ho a. Ebia lipoic acid a ɛko tia ɔyare mmoawa no bɛboa ma wɔasiw ntini mu nhama a ɛsɛe bio no ano.

Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

Enti, wubetumi ahu mprempren sɛnea myelin aduru yi ho hia ma yɛn ntini ahorow no dwumadi a ɛfata. Myelin ho hia na ama ntini mu nkwammoaa ɔpepepem pii a ɛne yɛn nipadua no fã biara di nkitaho na ɛhwɛ biribiara so yi yɛ adwuma yiye.

• Myelin yɛ ade a ɛbɔ ho ban a wɔde srade ne protein ahorow ayɛ a atwa ntini mu nkwammoaa ho ahyia.
• Ɛboa ma ntini mu nkate ahorow tu kwan ntɛmntɛm na ɛyɛ adwuma yiye.
• Sɛ myelin sɛe a, ebetumi ama obi anya nyarewa a emu yɛ den te sɛ multiple sclerosis.
• Nhwehwɛmu rekɔ so wɔ akwan a wɔfa so di nyarewa a ɛma myelin sɛe no ho dwuma na wosiesie ho.

Nyarewa ne tebea horow pii tumi tow hyɛ myelin so. Multiple sclerosis ne eyinom mu nea wonim no yiye sen biara. Nanso asɛmpa no ne sɛ nhwehwɛmufo hwehwɛ akwan a wɔbɛfa so abɔ myelin ho ban, asiesie, na wɔasan ayɛ no foforo bere nyinaa. Na wɔrenya nkɔso bi wɔ saa yɛ mu. Enti, anidaso wɔ hɔ!

---

Myelin, myelin sheath, ntini mu nkwammoaa, ntini ahorow, ntini nhyehyɛe, ntini a ɛwɔ mfinimfini, ntini a ɛwɔ akyi, demyelination, multiple sclerosis