Momma yensua pii fa macula a ɛboa ma yehu ade yiye no ho.

So woasusuw sɛnea yɛkenkan nkrataa a ɛwɔ nhoma bi mu no pefee, anaasɛ yehu yɛn adamfo bi wɔ abɔnten so, anaa yɛn ani gye nhwiren a ne kɔla yɛ fɛ ho nsɛm fɛfɛ ho pɛn? Yɛn aniwa mu fã ketewaa bi nanso ɛho hia yiye na ɛboa eyinom nyinaa. Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no ‘macula’ . Ebia woate din yi ho asɛm anaasɛ woante. Enti, ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka nea saa macula yi yɛ, sɛnea ɛho hia ma yɛn anisoadehu, ne sɛnea yɛbɛma ayɛ yiye ho asɛm.

Dɛn ne macula no? Dɛn na ɛyɛ ankasa?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, macula yɛ beae ketewaa bi a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa wɔ w’ani no mu, titiriw wɔ retina no mfinimfini – ade a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛte hann nka wɔ aniwa no akyi. Susuw ho sɛ saa retina yi wɔ w’aniwa akyi ɔfasu no so. Ne mfinimfini pɛɛ na macula no wɔ. Nnipa binom nso frɛ no ‘macula lutea’ efisɛ ɛwɔ kɔla kɔkɔɔ kakra.

Afei, hwɛ, n’adwuma titiriw ne sɛ ɛbɛboa wo ma woahu nneɛma a wuhu wɔ w’anim tẽẽ, wo mfinimfini anisoadehu , pefee na ɛyɛ nnam. Sɛ wokenkan nhoma bi a, wutumi hu nkyerɛwde no pefee, sɛ wohwɛ TV a, wutumi hu nnipa a wɔka ho asɛm no anim pefee, sɛ woka kar a, wutumi hu ɔkwan a ɛda w’anim no pefee, na nneɛma a ɛtete saa rentumi nyɛ yiye sɛ macula nni hɔ.

Sɛ hann hyɛn aniwa no mu a, ɛfa aniwa a ɛwɔ aniwa no anim no mu na ɛbɔ retina no. Nkwammoaa titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no photoreceptors wɔ retina no mu . Saa nkwammoaa yi dan hann ahoɔden ma ɛbɛyɛ anyinam ahoɔden nsɛnkyerɛnne. Afei wɔfa aniwa ntini no so de saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi kɔ amemene no mu . Amemene no hwehwɛ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi mu na ɛdan no mfonini a yehu no. Enti, macula no kyere nea wuhu wɔ w’anim tẽẽ no mu nsɛm a eye sen biara na ɛde kɔ amemene no mu. Ɛyɛ:

• Ɛboa ma wokenkan nkrataa a ɛwɔ nhoma anaa atesɛm krataa mu no pefee .
• Ɛboa ma wohu nkurɔfo anim .
• Ɛboa ma wohu kankyee nketenkete paa .
• Ɛboa ma wohu kɔla ahorow na wohu .

Dɛn nti na macula yi ho hia saa?

Ebia wubetumi ahu sɛnea macula no sua, nanso ɛyɛ adwuma kɛse. Ɛyɛ nea ɛma yetumi hu nsɛm a ɛyɛ fɛ yiye na yɛde yɛn adwene si nea yɛrehwɛ no afã pɔtee bi so. Retina no nyinaa gye hann na ɛde nsɛm no kɔ amemene no mu. Nanso macula no yɛ soronko.

Susuw ho saa kwan yi so, te sɛ turo a wɔde hose gugu so nsu no, retina no nyinaa boaboa nsɛm ano. Macula no te sɛ dropper ketewaa bi a ɛtɔ nnuru gu. Ɛtwe adwene si nsɛm pɔtee bi a ɛnyɛ anifere so (kyerɛ sɛ, nea wuhu wɔ w’anim tẽẽ ne emu nsɛm nketenkete paa) na ɛde kɔ amemene no mu.

Sɛ wunni macula, anaasɛ sɛ macula no asɛe a, w’ani no bɛda so ara ayɛ adwuma (kyerɛ sɛ, ɛbɛma hann akɔ mu), nanso w’ani bɛyɛ kusuu na nsɛm nketenkete no ayera . Ɛte sɛ mfoninitwa afiri bi a ɛrekɔ baabi a ɛnyɛ nea wɔde wɔn adwene si so.

Macula no te dɛn? Dɛn na wɔde na ɛyɛ?

Macula yɛ beae ketewaa bi a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛte sɛ kurukuruwa wɔ retina no mfinimfini. Nnipa dodow no ara macula no ntwemu bɛyɛ milimita 5. Ɛno nnu nsateakwaa anan mu biako! So ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛnea biribi ketewaa bi betumi anya yɛn anisoadehu so nkɛntɛnso kɛse saa?

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔde yɛ macula no. Nkwammoaa a ɛte hann nka a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm a wɔfrɛ no ‘photoreceptors’ na ɛyɛ macula (ne retina no nyinaa) . Nkwammoaa yi ahorow atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ:

• Poma: Eyinom titiriw na ɛma wohu hann tuntum ne fitaa. Ɛno nso na ɛboa yɛn ma yehu ade anadwo ne hann kakraa bi mu.
• Cones: Eyinom ne nkwammoaa a ɛboa yɛn ma yehu kɔla. Wɔn na wodi yɛn anisoadehu a emu da hɔ na ɛyɛ nnam no fã kɛse no ara so awiabere.

Ade a ɛho hia ni: Macula no wɔ cone nkwammoaa a ɛdɔɔso yiye. Ɛno nti na macula no tumi kyere nneɛma nketenkete ne kɔla ahorow a eye sen biara wɔ yɛn anisoadehu mu pɛpɛɛpɛ no.

Dɛn ne tebea horow a ɛtaa ka macula no?

Tebea biara a ɛsɛe aniwa no betumi aka macula no. Nanso, tebea horow pii wɔ hɔ a ɛka macula no pɔtee. Eyinom bi ne:

• Macular Degeneration (AMD) a ɛba esiane mfe a obi adi nti: Eyi ne ade titiriw a ɛma mpanyimfo nhu ade yiye wɔ mfinimfini.
• Macular Pucker: Wɔsan frɛ no ‘Epiretinal Membrane’, eyi yɛ ade a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛba macula no so, a ebetumi akyinkyim anisoadehu.
• Macular Holes: Sɛnea edin no kyerɛ no, tokuru ketewaa bi ba macula no mu.
• Cystoid Macular Edema: Wɔ eyi mu no, nsu boaboa ano wɔ macula no mu na ɛhohoro, na ɛma obi nhu ade yiye.

Nea ɛka ho no, ɔhaw ahorow bi a ɛka retina no nyinaa nso betumi asɛe macula no. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Awosu mu tebea horow te sɛ Retinitis Pigmentosa .
• Aniwa a ɛsensɛn nsu mu ne nea ɛhyerɛn – ɛtɔ mmere bi a eyinom betumi ayɛ ɔhaw a emu yɛ den ho sɛnkyerɛnne.
• Retina Ntini a Ɛsiw.
• Posterior Vitreous Detachment: Wɔ eyi mu no, ade a ɛte sɛ jelly a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no tetew ne ho fi retina no ho.
• Retinal Detachment: Eyi yɛ asɛm a egye ntɛmpɛ.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ wowɔ wo macula ho haw? Dɛn ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no?

Sɛ wowɔ aniwa mu sɛnkyerɛnne a edidi so yi mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Eyinom betumi ayɛ ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ macula anaa aniwa no fã foforo ho sɛnkyerɛnne:

• Sɛ wote nka sɛ w'anisoadehu reyɛ mmerɛw .
• Sɛ wohu ade biako sɛ abien a , wɔfrɛ no diplopia.
• Ɛte sɛ nea wɔatwe nsensanee a ɛyɛ tẽẽ na wɔabɔ no kurukuruwa.
• Aniwa mu yaw foforo a ɛnbrɛ ase nna pii.
• Sɛ wobɔ w’ani kɔ baabi a wuntumi nhwɛ hann no a, wɔfrɛ no ‘Photophobia’.
• Ɛte sɛ nea w'anisoadehu no reyɛ kɛse nkakrankakra .
• Sɛ wuhu baabi a ɛyɛ tumm anaa ɛda hɔ kwa wɔ w’anisoadehu no mfinimfini .

Sɛ wuhu biribi a ɛte sɛɛ a, mma wo ho mmɔ wo hu, nanso mmu w’ani ngu so nso. Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu ntɛm ara.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔhwehwɛ macula no mu?

W’ani duruyɛfo nso bɛhwɛ wo macula (macula dodow kabea ne maculae) bere a wɔreyɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu daa no. Wɔtaa de adwinnade titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no ophthalmoscope bedi dwuma de ahwɛ wo macula. Eyi ma wotumi hwɛ w’ani no mu na wɔhwehwɛ n’afã biara mu, a macula no ka ho.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ wosusuw sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ macula no ho a, ebia ebehia sɛ oduruyɛfo no yɛ nhwehwɛmu titiriw pii. Sɛ nhwɛso no, mfonini bi a wɔfrɛ no OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) . Eyi betumi afa macula no mfonini a ɛkɔ akyiri, te sɛ nea wɔatwa no ntwea so. Afei nso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow te sɛ Fluorescein Angiography.

Mɛyɛ dɛn atumi ama me macula no anya apɔwmuden?

Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a yebetumi ayɛ de abɔ yɛn macula ho ban:

• Sɛ wuhu nsakrae bi wɔ w’ani so a , ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara. Biribi ketewaa bi mpo betumi ayɛ nea ɛho hia.
• Sɛ wohyɛ ahwehwɛ anaa ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade a, yɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu bere ne bere mu na yɛ wo nnuru a wɔakyerɛw ama wo no foforo sɛnea ɛho hia.
• Kwati sigaretnom. Sigaretnom yɛ ade titiriw a ɛma aniwa no sɛe, titiriw aniwa a ɛma obi nyin (AMD).
• Hyɛ aniwa a ɛbɔ wo ho ban bere a woreyɛ agumadi anaa nneɛma afoforo a ebetumi de asiane aba aniwa no so no.
• Hyɛ ahwehwɛ pa a ɛbɔ wo ho ban wɔ UV ho bere a worekɔ owia mu no. Owia hann a epira no betumi asɛe macula no.
• Di aduan a ɛkari pɛ na ahoɔden wom. Nneɛma te sɛ nhabannuru a ɛyɛ ahabammono, nnuaba, ne mpataa a omega-3 ngo pii wom no ye ma aniwa akwahosan.
• Hwɛ w’akwahosan nyinaa so yiye. Di tebea horow te sɛ asikreyare ne mogya mmoroso so. Eyinom nso betumi aka w’ani.

Mmere bɛn na eye sen biara a wubetumi akɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Eyi yɛ mmerɛw yiye. Sɛ wuhu nsakrae biara wɔ w’ani so pɛ a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Ebetumi ayɛ biribi a ɛnyɛ den te sɛ nea wuhia ahwehwɛ foforo, anaasɛ ebetumi ayɛ tebea a emu yɛ den kɛse ho sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan. Enti, eye sɛ wobɛhwɛ w’ani ansa na woatwɛn ma yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no mu ayɛ den. Sɛ wokyere no ntɛm a, wubetumi adi ɔhaw pii ho dwuma na woagye w’ani so.

Sɛ mpofirim ara w’ani nhu ade yiye, w’aniwa yɛ wo yaw kɛse, anaasɛ mpofirim ara wufi ase hu sɛnea ɛhyerɛn anaasɛ ɛsensɛn nsu mu a, kɔ ayaresabea dan a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ yare a egye ntɛmpɛ mu ntɛm ara. Eyinom betumi ayɛ tebea horow a egye ntɛmpɛ.

Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

Okay, enti yɛkaa macula ho asɛm pii nnɛ, ɛnte saa?

• Macula yɛ aniwa no fã ketewaa bi a ɛyɛ fɛ, nanso ɛte sɛ ɔbran kɛse bi a ɔboa yɛn ma yehu yɛn anim tẽẽ na ɛyɛ nnam .
• Macula ho hia na ama wɔakenkan nkyerɛwde, ahu anim, na wɔahu kɔla ahorow.
• Sɛ́ wususuw ho anaasɛ wunsusuw ho no, yɛde di dwuma bere nyinaa.
• Enti, ɛho hia yiye sɛ woyɛ w’ani mu nhwehwɛmu daa na ama woahwɛ ahu sɛ wo macula (ne w’ani nyinaa) no wɔ apɔwmuden.
• Sɛ wuhu nsakrae nketenkete biara wɔ w’ani so ara pɛ a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn, titiriw w’ani a wuhu ade no. Nsakrae nketenkete mpo betumi ayɛ biribi kɛse bi a ebetumi aka w’ani so akyiri yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

W’ani yɛ agyapade a ɛsom bo sen biara a wowɔ. Enti, ɛyɛ w’asɛyɛde sɛ wobɛhwɛ wɔn. Mewɔ anidaso sɛ saa nimdeɛ a ɛfa macula ho yi bɛboa wo wɔ saa asɛm no mu!

` Macula, retina, aniwa akwahosan, anisoadehu, aniwa mu nyarewa, mfinimfini anisoadehu, aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu