Momma yensua asraafo nkumaa a wowo wo nipadua mu no ho ade - lymphocytes.

Yɛn nyinaa pɛ sɛ yenya apɔwmuden. Enti so wunim sɛ yɛn nipadua no wɔ ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban fi nyarewa ho? Lymphocytes yɛ saa ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe no mufo a ɛho hia yiye . Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, wɔte sɛ asraafo nkumaa wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Momma yɛnka saa lymphocytes yi ho asɛm kakra nnɛ.

Dɛn ankasa ne lymphocytes?

Lymphocytes yɛ nkwammoaa bi a wɔfrɛ no mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa. Yiw, woate sɛ nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ ne nkwammoaa fitaa wɔ mogya no mu. Lymphocytes yɛ nkwammoaa fitaa kuw titiriw bi. Wɔn adwuma titiriw ne sɛ wɔbɛboa yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no. Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no te sɛ asraafo a wɔbɔ wɔn ho ban wɔ yɛn man yi mu no. Saa nhyehyɛe yi wɔ hɔ sɛ ɛbɛbɔ yɛn ho ban afi atamfo a wofi abɔnten reba (kyerɛ sɛ, efi mmoawa , mmoawa, mmoawa a wɔde nyarewa ba) ho.

Nkwammoaa mu nkwammoaa atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ:

• T lymphocytes (T nkwammoaa): Eyinom na ɛhwɛ sɛnea nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ adwuma no so. Wobetumi nso ahu nkwammoaa a wɔanya ɔyare no ne kokoram nkwammoaa na wɔatow ahyɛ wɔn so tẽẽ na wɔasɛe wɔn.
• B lymphocytes (anaasɛ B nkwammoaa): Eyinom na wɔyɛ nneɛma a wɔfrɛ no antibodies. Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa yɛ protein bi. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, eyinom te sɛ akode a wɔayɛ no titiriw de ahu amannɔne ntuafo te sɛ mmoawa ne mmoawa na wɔako atia.

Enti, ɔsom bɛn na saa lymphocytes yi de ma yɛn nipadua?

Lymphocytes nyɛ nkwammoaa kakraa bi pɛ. Wɔyɛ ɔsom kɛse ma yɛn nipadua.

Titiriw no, saa lymphocytes yi boa ma wɔko tia kokoram nkwammoaa na wɔko tia antigens te sɛ mmoawa ne mmoawa a wofi abɔnten.

Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom saa lymphocytes yi nso wɔ nkae a ɛyɛ nwonwa. Wɔkae antigen biara a wohyia. Fa no sɛ, sɛ na wowɔ akisikuru bere a woyɛ abofra a , ɛntaa mma sɛ wubenyin a, ɛntaa mma sɛ wubenya akisikuru bio, ɛnte saa? Saa ara na ɛte wɔ akokɔsrade ho. Ɛte saa esiane sɛnea saa lymphocytes yi kae ade nti. Lymphocytes binom, bere a wɔahyia antigen bi akyi no, ɛbɛyɛ “nkae nkwammoaa”. Afei, sɛ antigen koro no ara ba nipadua no mu bio a, saa nkae nkwammoaa yi hu no ntɛm na wɔyɛ ho biribi ntɛm. Ɛno nti na yennya nyarewa bi mprenu no. Ɛyɛ nnyinasosɛm yi nti na yebetumi abɔ yɛn ho ban afi nyarewa bi ho denam nnuru a wɔde bɔ yɛn ho ban a yɛde bɛma so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na T nkwammoaa ne B nkwammoaa yɛ adwuma?

Saa T nkwammoaa ne B nkwammoaa yi nyinaa bom yɛ adwuma, nanso ɛsono wɔn dwumadi kakra.

Dwuma a T nkwammoaa di

T nkwammoaa titiriw na ɛsɛe nkwammoaa a wɔanya ɔyare no na ɛhwɛ sɛnea yɛn nipadua no yɛ n’ade wɔ nneɛma a ɛyɛ ananafo ho no so. Nanso, T nkwammoaa pii hia mmoa a efi nkwammoaa foforo a ɛko tia nyarewa no hɔ na ama wɔatumi ayɛ adwuma. Sɛ wɔma T nkwammoaa no yɛ adwuma wie a, ɛdɔɔso (kyerɛ sɛ, ɛkɔ soro) na ɛyɛ soronko ma ɛbɛyɛ T nkwammoaa ahorow. Saa ahorow yi ne:

• Cytotoxic T nkwammoaa: Eyinom te sɛ asraafo dɔm titiriw a wɔwɔ ɔko no mu. Saa nkwammoaa yi bata antigen ahorow a ɛwɔ nkwammoaa a wɔanya ɔyare no anaa nea ɛnteɛ so no ho. Afei wɔyɛ ntokuru wɔ nkwammoaa a wɔanya ɔyare no mu nkwammoaa mu, wɔde enzymes , na wokum wɔn.
• T nkwammoaa a ɛboa: Sɛnea edin no kyerɛ no, eyinom boa nkwammoaa afoforo a ɛko tia nyarewa no. Ebinom boa B nkwammoaa ma wɔyɛ nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa. Afoforo nso boa T nkwammoaa a awuduru wɔ nipadua mu no ma ɛyɛ adwuma.
• T nkwammoaa a ɛhwɛ so: Saa nkwammoaa yi yɛ nneɛma a ɛboa ma nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ adwuma ma ɛba awiei. Ɛtɔ da bi a, ɛboa nso ma yɛn ankasa nipadua no nnya nneyɛe a epira.

B nkwammoaa no dwumadi

B nkwammoaa wɔ agyefo titiriw bi wɔ wɔn ani a ɛkyekyere antigen ahorow. B nkwammoaa sua sɛnea wobehu saa antigen ahorow yi na wɔyɛ antibodies pɔtee bi a ɛbɛtow ahyɛ emu biara so. B nkwammoaa no yɛ wɔn ade wɔ antigens ho wɔ akwan abien so:

• Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no mmuae titiriw: Sɛ antigen bi di nkitaho a, ɛkanyan B nkwammoaa no. B nkwammoaa bi bɛyɛ “nkae nkwammoaa.” B nkwammoaa afoforo bɛyɛ “plasma nkwammoaa.” Saa plasma nkwammoaa yi yɛ antibodies a ɛyɛ antigen a wɔkanyan no no pɔtee. Nanso, ebetumi adi nna pii ansa na wɔayɛ nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa dodow a wɔhwehwɛ.
• Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛto so abien: Susuw nea ɛbɛba sɛ antigen koro no ara a edii kan bae no san ba nipadua no mu no ho hwɛ. Afei, saa nkae nkwammoaa no kae. Wɔdɔɔso ntɛmntɛm, wɔbɛyɛ plasma nkwammoaa, na wɔyɛ nnuru a ɛko tia nyarewa ntɛmntɛm. Eyi nso nti na wo ho tɔ wo ntɛm bere a woyare ne mprenu so no.

Enti, ɛhe na wɔyɛ saa lymphocytes yi wɔ yɛn nipadua mu na ɛwɔ?

Wɔyɛ lymphocytes wɔ yɛn nnompe mu ntini mu.Afei, wonyin, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wonyin yiye, na wɔhyɛn mogya mu. Wobetumi ahu ntini a ɛho akokwaw wɔ yɛn mogya mu ne ntini a ɛma mogya tu no afã horow nyinaa .

Nkwammoaa bi kɔ baabi a wɔfrɛ no yɛn thymus gland . Saa lymphocytes no bɛyɛ T nkwammoaa. Nkwammoaa afoforo kɔ yɛn ntini a ɛma mogya tu ne akwaa afoforo mu. Ɛnonom na wɔbɛyɛ B nkwammoaa.

Ntini a ɛma mogya tu no te dɛn?

Lymphocytes yɛ nkwammoaa a ɛsõ kakra sen mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ . Nanso, wɔyɛ nketewa dodo sɛ wobetumi de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete ahu. Lymphocyte biara wɔ nucleus kɛse bi wɔ mfinimfini. Saa nuklea yi yɛ kɔkɔɔ tuntum. Ade a ɛte sɛ jelly a atwa ho ahyia a wɔfrɛ no cytoplasm , no yɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ hare.

Ntini a ɛma mogya tu no dodow ahe na ɛfata?

Nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no dodow betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ onipa biara ho. Egyina nneɛma te sɛ mfe a yɛadi, abusuakuw, ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna, baabi a yɛkɔ soro, ne yɛn asetra kwan so.

• Wɔ ɔpanyin mu no, mpɛn pii no, mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu 1,000 kosi 4,800 na ɛwɔ mogya microliter biara mu.
• Wɔ mmofra nkumaa fam no, dodow yi dɔɔso kakra. Ebia na wɔwɔ lymphocytes 3,000 kosi 9,500 wɔ mogya microliter biara mu.

Mpɛn pii no, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu nyinaa mu 20% kosi 40%.

Sɛ lymphocytes dodow dɔɔso a, dɛn na ɛba?

Sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow dɔɔso sen sɛnea ɛte daa a, yɛfrɛ no lymphocytosis . Eyi taa ba esiane ɔyare mmoawa anaa yare bi nti. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a yɛn nipadua no yɛ lymphocytes foforo a ɛbɛboa ma yɛako atia nyarewa.

Nanso, tebea horow bi a emu yɛ den nso betumi ama lymphocytes dodow akɔ soro. Tebea horow yi bi ne:

• Hepatitis a ɛyɛ mmerɛbo mu yare
• Syphilis a ɛyɛ yare
• Mononucleosis a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
• Nsanyare a ɛma obi nya nsamanwaw
• HIV ne AIDS
• Hypothyroidism a ɛma mogya tu
• Nyarewa te sɛ ɔfe a ɛyɛ hu , toxoplasmosis, anaa cytomegalovirus
• Mogya mu kokoram te sɛ lymphoma anaa mogya mu kokoram

Sɛ lymphocytes dodow sua a, dɛn na ɛba?

Sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow sua sen sɛnea ɛte daa a, yɛfrɛ no lymphocytopenia anaa lymphopenia . Eyi betumi aba esiane atiridii anaa ɔyare mmoawa ketewaa foforo nti. Nanso, yare anaa tebea a emu yɛ den kɛse nso betumi ama mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow so atew. Nea ɛde ba no bi ni:

• HIV anaa AIDS
• Nsamanwaw anaa Typhoid atiridiinini
• Mpɔtorɔ mu yare a ɔyare mmoawa de ba
• Mogya mu nyarewa te sɛ Hodgkin yare
• Nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa te sɛ lupus
• Awosu mu tebea horow a ɛntaa nsi te sɛ Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), Ataxia-telangiectasia, DiGeorge yare, ne Wiskott-Aldrich yare
• Ayaresa te sɛ mframa a wɔde sa yare anaa nnuru a wɔde sa yare

Nhwehwɛmu bɛn na ɛhwɛ sɛ me lymphocyte dodow yɛ papa anaa?

Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi ahu lymphocytes dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu. Wɔn titiriw ne:

• Absolute Lymphocyte Count: Eyi yɛ Complete Blood Count (CBC) nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa no fã. Ɛsusuw lymphocytes dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu sɛ dodow a edi mũ, na ɛnyɛ sɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem.
• Flow cytometry: Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔyɛ wɔ aduruyɛdan titiriw bi mu. Wɔde wo mogya no bi gu nsu mu na wɔde fa laser afiri bi a wɔfrɛ no flow cytometer mu. Laser hann no ma wo mogya mu nkwammoaa no petepete kɔ mmeae ahorow. Nhwɛso ahorow no ma wotumi hu nkwammoaa ahorow no pefee na wɔkan.

Dɛn ne tebea horow a ɛfa lymphocytes ho ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba?

Mpɛn pii no, sɛnkyerɛnne pɔtee biara nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ lymphocytosis (nkwaboaa a ɛkɔ soro) anaa lymphocytopenia (ntini mu nkwammoaa a ɛso tew). Nanso, sɛ mogya mu yare anaa kokoram bi nti lymphocytes dodow kɔ soro a, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛfa saa yare no ho betumi ada adi. Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi ne:

• Ntini a ɛma mogya tu a ahonhon
• Anadwo fifiri a ɛba
• Huraeɛ
• Yafunu mu yaw
• Aduan ho akɔnnɔ a ɛyera
• Ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa

Nea etwa to no, ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae!

Lymphocytes yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa a ɛho hia yiye wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Wɔyɛ yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no fã titiriw na ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban fi nyarewa ho. Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den betumi ama woahu lymphocytes dodow a wowɔ.

Ebetumi ayɛ hu kakra sɛ wubehu sɛ ebia wo lymphocytes no kɔ soro anaasɛ ɛba fam sen sɛnea ɛte daa. Nanso mpɛn pii no, nsakrae a ɛba wo lymphocyte dodow mu no betumi akyerɛ sɛ wo nipadua no reko atia ɔyare mmoawa bi. Enti mma ɛnhaw wo a ɛho nhia.

Sɛ wowɔ adwenem naayɛ anaa nsɛmmisa bi wɔ eyi ho a, ade a eye sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wobɛkɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn na woaka ho asɛm. Wo duruyɛfo no betumi ahu nea ɛde ba ankasa na wayɛ nea ɛho hia na ama woasan aba sɛnea na ɛte kan no.