Hɛlo! Wo ho te sɛn? Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka asraafoɔ bi a wɔho hia paa na wɔn ho yɛ nwonwa paa wɔ yɛn nipadua mu ho asɛm. Te sɛ asraafo a wɔbɔ yɛn man ho ban no, saa nkwammoaa yi nso bɔ yɛn ho ban fi nyarewa a ɛba yɛn nipadua mu, titiriw fi atamfo te sɛ mmoawa ho. Yɛfrɛ saa awɛmfo nketewa yi
T nkwammoaa a awuduru wom wɔ nkwammoaa mu . Ebinom nso frɛ wɔn ‘killer T cells’. Nsuro, wɔ saa din no nyinaa akyi no, wɔyɛ yɛn nnamfo paa!
Dɛn ne saa T nkwammoaa a ɛma nkwammoaa mu awuduru yi?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, saa `(Cytotoxic T cells)` yi yɛ
nkwammoaa soronko bi a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu. Ɛte sɛ polisifo adwumakuo titiriw bi. Wɔn adwuma titiriw ne sɛ wɔbɛhwehwɛ nkwammoaa a wɔanya ɔyare no na wɔasɛe wɔn bere a nneɛma te sɛ mmoawa hyɛn yɛn nipadua mu nkwammoaa mu no. Ɛno nti na nnipa binom frɛ wɔn
`Killer T cells' . Ɛwom sɛ edin no yɛ katee kakra de, nanso wɔboa kɛse. Fa no sɛ, yɛwɔ ntini ketewaa bi a wɔfrɛ no
`(Thymus)` wɔ koko no anim. Ɛhɔ na wɔyɛ T nkwammoaa ahorow abiɛsa yi titiriw.
- T nkwammoaa a ɛboa: Eyinom ne nea ɛma nipadua no mu nkwammoaa afoforo a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ adwuma na wɔka kyerɛ wɔn sɛ, "Ɔko wɔ ha, kɔ adwuma."
- T nkwammoaa a ɛhwɛ so : Wɔn adwuma ne sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ nkwammoaa afoforo a ɛko tia nyarewa no so bere a ɛho hia no. Ɛte sɛ nea woka sɛ, "Okay, enough is enough, stop it" bere a ɔko no aba awiei no.
- Yɛn asɛmti no mu nipa, Cytotoxic T nkwammoaa: Eyinom ne wɔn a wɔkɔ ɔko no mu tẽẽ na wɔsɛe nkwammoaa a wɔanya ɔyare no.
So saa nkwammoaa yi yɛ yɛn awosu mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no dea?
Dabi, wuntumi nka saa. Saa `(Cytotoxic T cells)` yi yɛ nea wɔfrɛ no
'cell-mediated immunity' no dea. Ɛyɛ
‘adaptive immunity’ no fã bi . Afei wubisa sɛ, ‘Dɛn ne saa awosu mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa ne nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛsakra yi?’ Susuw ho sɛnea ɛte yi:
- Awosu mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa ne ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu bere a yɛawo yɛn no. Ɛte sɛ abankɛse bi afasu, a ɛyɛ ɔtamfo biara ho biribi saa ara, a wɔpaw no titiriw biara.
- Adaptive immunity yɛ immunity a yenya nkakrankakra bere a yehyia nyarewa anaa nneɛma a efi abɔnten no. Eyi yɛ pɔtee paa. Ɛte sɛ asraafo dɔm a wɔatete wɔn titiriw. Sɛ wohyia ɔtamfo bi a wonim no pɛn a, wɔkae no na wɔtow hyɛ no so denneennen bere foforo a ɛbɛba no. Saa na saa `(Cytotoxic T cells)` yi yɛ adwuma.
Enti nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda cytotoxic T nkwammoaa ne abɔde mu awudi nkwammoaa ntam?
Eyinom abien nyinaa yɛ yɛn nipadua no ahobammɔ, nanso nsonsonoe kakra wɔ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma no mu. Susuw ho sɛ, `(Cytotoxic T cells)` te sɛ commando a wɔyɛ adwuma bere a wɔanya nyansa titiriw bi nkutoo. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ, wɔtow hyɛ nneɛma te sɛ mmoawa so, biribi
Bere a ‘antigen’ bi ayɛ adwuma akyi. Nanso ‘Natural Killer cells’ yɛ soronko kakra. Wonhia activation titiriw bi na wɔatow ahyɛ nkwammoaa a epira so. Wɔkɔ adwuma kɛkɛ bere a wohu sɛ ‘ɔhaw bi wɔ hɔ’ ara pɛ. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a:- Cytotoxic T nkwammoaa yɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛsakra a yɛkaa ho asɛm dedaw no fã.
- ``Natural Killer cells'' yɛ 'awosu mu nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa'' no fã.
Afei nsonsonoe a ɛda abien no ntam no da adi pefee, ɛnte saa? Ɔkwan bɛn so na saa T nkwammoaa a awuduru wom yi yɛ adwuma?
Eyi yɛ adwinnade a ɛyɛ nwonwa yiye. Susuw ho hwɛ, `(Cytotoxic T cell)` biara wɔ ade titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no `(CD8 receptor)` wɔ ne soro. Ɛte sɛ adwinnade titiriw bi a detective bi wɔ. Saa `(CD8 receptor)` yi kyekyere `(MHC Class I molecules)` a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua nkwammoaa no ani. Saa `(MHC Class I molecules)` yi te sɛ frankaa a ɛkyerɛ bere a nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden anya ɔyare no. Enti, sɛ saa `(CD8 receptor)` no hu nkwammoaa a ɔyare no wɔ mu ara pɛ a, yɛn `(Cytotoxic T cells)` no yɛ adwuma. Afei adwuma ankasa no si. Saa `(Cytotoxic T cells)` a wɔayɛ adwuma yi yɛ molecule soronko, a wɔayɛ sɛ ɛbɛsɛe saa ɔyare mmoawa no. Te sɛ aprɛm a ɛbɔ nea ɛrekɔ so no, ɛkɔ nkwammoaa a ɔyare no wom no mu tẽẽ na ɛsɛe no. Eyi ma hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ mmoawa no bɛtrɛw wɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa so tew. So ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ nea nkwammoaa nketewa yi yɛ? Ɔkwan bɛn so na T nkwammoaa a awuduru wom ne T nkwammoaa a ɛboa bom yɛ adwuma?
Saa nnipa baanu yi te sɛ nnamfo paa a wɔwɔ kuw biako mu. T nkwammoaa a ɛboa no boa nkwammoaa afoforo a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu. Sɛ wɔte sɛ ɔyare mmoawa bi wɔ hɔ a, wogyae nnuru abɔfo a wɔfrɛ no cytokines . Saa cytokines yi te sɛ nkrasɛm a egye ntɛmpɛ a ɛka kyerɛ nkwammoaa afoforo a ɛko tia nyarewa sɛ, "Ɔhaw bi wɔ hɔ, bra ntɛm." Saa cytokines yi ne nea ɛma yɛn cytotoxic T nkwammoaa no yɛ adwuma na ɛboa ma wɔko tia ɔyare mmoawa no. Ɔkwan foforo so no, T nkwammoaa a ɛboa no ka kyerɛ T nkwammoaa a awuduru wom no sɛ, "Okay, afei ɛyɛ wo de, kɔyɛ w'adwuma." Saa kuw adwumayɛ ho adwene yi ne nea ɛma yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no tu mpɔn kɛse. Ɛhe na saa T nkwammoaa a ɛma nipadua no awuduru yi wɔ yɛn nipadua mu?
T nkwammoaa di kan fi ase nyin wɔ yɛn ‘nnompe mu ntini’ mu . Afei, sɛ wɔbɛkɔ so anyin, kyerɛ sɛ, ‘ntete’ a, wɔkɔ `(Thymus)` ntini a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no mu . Ɛte sɛ nea worekɔ ntetee sukuu. Ɛyɛ saa `(Thymus)` yi mu na T nkwammoaa no nyin yiye na wɔasiesie wɔn ho ama adwuma. Afei, `(Thymus)` no di akɔneaba wɔ saa nkwammoaa yi mu wɔ nipadua no nyinaa mu. Yɛn ‘nkwa ntini nhyehyɛe’.T nkwammoaa yi dɔɔso wɔ nipadua no nyinaa mu. Cytotoxic T nkwammoaa no yɛ nea ɛdɔɔso titiriw, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wohu no pii, wɔ mmeae a edidi so yi:- Nnompe mu ntini
- Ntini a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
- Ahrawa
- Ntini a ɛma mogya tu
- Akisikuru a ɛwɔ akyi
- Tonsils a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
Eyinom ne mmeae a wɔn ani da hɔ, a wɔasiesie wɔn ho sɛ wɔbɛkɔ ɔko bere biara. So nyarewa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛka T nkwammoaa a awuduru wom yi?
Yiw, awerɛhosɛm ne sɛ, nyarewa bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aka yɛn ahobammɔ nkwammoaa a ɛsom bo yi. ‘Nnyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa’ bi ka T nkwammoaa no dwumadi. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a yɛn ankasa nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no fi ase tow hyɛ yɛn ankasa nkwammoaa so. Ɛyɛ tebea a ɛyɛ awerɛhow paa. Nea ɛka ho no, tebea afoforo pii wɔ hɔ a ɛka T nkwammoaa:- Acute lymphocytic leukemia : Eyi yɛ kokoram bi a efi ase wɔ mogya ne nnompe mu ntini mu.
- Adult Hodgkin lymphoma: Wɔ kokoram a ɛte sɛɛ mu no, kokoram nkwammoaa no fi ase wɔ lymphatic system no mu.
- ` HIV` virus : Eyi yɛ virus a ɛtow hyɛ yɛn mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa so. Sɛ wɔansa a, ebetumi de tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no `(AIDS) .` aba
- Adwuma mu yare: Eyi yɛ nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛntaa nsi koraa a ɛde nyarewa taa ba .
- Thymic aplasia: Wɔ tebea yi mu no, wɔwo obi a thymus gland a asɛe, na ɛmma T-cell nnyin.
Wɔ tebea horow yi mu no, yɛn T nkwammoaa no ntumi nyɛ wɔn adwuma yiye, na ɛno nti na ɛho hia kɛse sɛ yɛma nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no nya apɔwmuden no.
Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛnyɛ den a yebetumi ayɛ na ama yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no atra apɔw?
Nokwarem no, nsakrae nketenkete a yɛbɛyɛ wɔ yɛn asetra kwan mu no betumi aboa kɛse ma yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no akɔ so ayɛ den. Fa no sɛ ɛte sɛ ahoɔden pa ne tebea pa a yɛde bɛma yɛn ahobammɔ asraafo. Nneɛma a ɛnyɛ den a wubetumi ayɛ ni:- Kwati nsa, anaa to ano hye sɛnea wubetumi biara. Nsã pii a wɔnom no ma nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw.
- Di aduan a ɛkari pɛ a nnuaba, nhabannuru, atoko, aburow a wɔayam, protein a ɛnyɛ den (te sɛ mpataa, akokɔ), ne srade a ahoɔden wom (te sɛ avocado, nnuaba) ahyɛ mu ma. Eyinom na ɛma yenya aduannuru a yɛn nipadua ne nipadua mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no hia.
- Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ daa . Fa apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a ɛhyɛ wo nipadua den, ɛma wotumi yɛ nsakrae kɛse, na ɛma wo koma bɔ kɛse (aerobic) ka ho. Anyɛ yiye koraa no, nantew simma 30 da biara yɛ mfiase pa.
- Anyɛ yiye koraa no, da yiye nnɔnhwerew ason kosi awotwe anadwo biara. Dae yɛ ahomegye ma nipadua ne adwene, na ɛboa nso sɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no siesie ne ho.
- Sɛ wonom sigaret a , gyae. Tawa a wode bedi dwuma no betumi asɛe wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no kɛse. Sɛ wuhia mmoa na woagyae a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa.
- Nea ɛbɛyɛ na woabɔ wo ho ban afi mmoawa ho no, fa samina ne nsu hohoro wo nsa daa. Eyi ho hia titiriw ansa na woadidi, bere a wode aguaree adi dwuma awie, ne bere a woafi abɔnten aba akyi.
Sɛ wode nneɛma nketenkete yi ka w’asetra ho a, wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no benya ahoɔden kɛse de abɔ wo ho ban afi nyarewa ho. Enti, nneɛma bɛn na ɛho hia paa a yesuae nnɛ? (Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie)
Ebia afei woate ase sɛ `(Cytotoxic T cells)` a yɛkaa ho asɛm nnɛ no yɛ nkwammoaa bi a ɛho hia yiye wɔ yɛn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu. Wɔyɛ nkwammoaa ahorow titiriw a wɔyɛ wɔ yɛn `(Thymus)` ntini mu no mu biako. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nneɛma bi a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae ni:- Cytotoxic T nkwammoaa yɛ animdefo a wɔko tia nyarewa, titiriw ɔyare mmoawa.
- Wɔn ne ``Helper T cells'' yɛ adwuma sɛ yɛn ''adaptive immunity'' no fã a ɛho hia yiye .
- Nyarewa bi a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa ne aduruyɛ mu tebea afoforo betumi aka yɛn T nkwammoaa no.
- Sɛ yedi asetra a ɛfata akyi a, yebetumi ama yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ den na yɛaboa T nkwammoaa a ɛsom bo yi.
Enti, seesei wunim pii fa saa ahobammɔ nketenkete a ɛyɛ adwuma ma wo wɔ wo nipadua mu yi ho. Ɛyɛ w’asɛyɛde sɛ wobɛhwɛ wɔn yiye!
💬 Comments (0)
Wɔnnya nyɛɛ nsɛm biara. Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho wɔ ha nea edi kan.
Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho