Ɔkwan foforo a wɔfa so hu kokoram: Biribiara a ɛfa nsu mu nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu ho!

So woate asɛmfua "liquid biopsy " ho asɛm pɛn? Ebia wo duruyɛfo aka ho asɛm akyerɛ wo, anaasɛ woakenkan ho asɛm wɔ baabi. Eyi yɛ nhwehwɛmu kwan foforo a ɛho hia yiye a wɔfa so hu kokoram na wɔsa. Enti, momma yɛnka ho asɛm tiawa na emu nna hɔ nnɛ. Biribiara nni hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wosuro, ɛte sɛ w’adamfo no rekyerɛkyerɛ biribi mu akyerɛ wo.

Dɛn ne nsu mu biopsy yi? Ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye!

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nsu mu nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu yɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔde mogya kakraa bi na ɛyɛ . Eyi betumi ahu sɛ ebia kokoram akisikuru bi wɔ hɔ anaa. Fa no sɛ bere a akisikuru a kokoram wom nyin no, emu nketenkete betumi abubu na akɔ wo mogya mu. Saa asinasin no ne nea nsu mu nhwehwɛmu yi hu.

Saa sɔhwɛ yi hwehwɛ nneɛma atitiriw abien:

• Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs): Eyinom yɛ kokoram nkwammoaa a ɛtetew fi akisikuru no ho na ɛfa wo mogya mu, te sɛ akwansrafo nketewa.
• Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA): Eyinom yɛ DNA asinasin a ɛpaapae fi kokoram nkwammoaa mu na ɛkɔ mogya no mu. Sɛnea wunim no, DNA te sɛ nhoma bi a awosu mu mmara a ɛhwɛ yɛn nkwammoaa no nneyɛe so no wom. Enti, saa ctDNA asinasin yi betumi aka kokoram ho nsɛm pii akyerɛ yɛn.

Saa `(CTCs)` anaa `(ctDNA)` yi a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no yɛ adanseɛ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ kokoram akisikuru bi wɔ wo nipadua mu baabi. Afei nso, esiane sɛ saa asinasin yi nso ma `( awosu mu nsɛm)` a ɛfa kokoram no ho nti, ɛbɛyɛ mmoa kɛse ama wo duruyɛfo wɔ gyinaesi a obesi ayaresa a ɛfata wo kɛse no mu.

Liquid biopsy yɛ sɔhwɛ foforo koraa. Ɛwɔ tumi a ɛbɛma nsakrae kɛse aba kokoram ayaresa mu. Wɔde di dwuma mpɛn pii dedaw a U.S. Aduan ne Nnuru Dwumadibea (FDA) apene so. Eyi ho nhwehwɛmu da so ara kɔ so.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ nsu mu nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu ne nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa a yenim no ntam?

Ebia woate biopsy a wɔyɛ no daa ho asɛm. Wɔ mu no, oduruyɛfo bi fa ntini ketewaa bi fi kokoram akisikuru bi mu tẽẽ na ɔsɔ hwɛ wɔ aduruyɛdan mu hwɛ sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa wɔ mu anaa.

Nanso, wɔ nsu mu nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu mu no, wɔmfa akisikuru no fã bi tẽẽ . Mmom, wɔde hwehwɛ kokoram ho adanse, a ɛyɛ kokoram nkwammoaa ``CTCs`` anaa kokoram DNA ``ctDNA`` a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm, wɔ mogya no mu.

Mprempren wobu nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa sɛ ɔkwan a eye sen biara a wɔfa so hu sɛ kokoram wɔ hɔ anaa. Wɔsan frɛ no "sika kɔkɔɔ gyinapɛn."

Wɔ nsuo mu biopsy mu no, sɛ wowɔ kokoram mpo a, 100% nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wobɛtumi ahu ne ho sɛnkyerɛnne wɔ mogya baako mu. Nanso, sɛ wohu kokoram wɔ nsu mu nhwehwɛmu mu a, nsɛm a ɛde ma wɔ kokoram nkwammoaa no ho no som bo kɛse, na ebetumi aboa nnuruyɛfo kɛse wɔ ayaresa ho nhyehyɛe mu.

Wɔ tebea horow bɛn mu na wɔyɛ nsu mu nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu?

Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa nsu a wɔde hwehwɛ nipadua no mu wɔ nsɛm a edidi so yi mu:

• Sɛ wowɔ kokoram a ɛkɔ mmeae afoforo a atrɛw akɔ wo nipadua no afã afoforo na wo mprempren ayaresa no ntumi nyɛ adwuma sɛnea na wɔhwɛ kwan no a. Kokoram a ɛtrɛw kɔ mmeae afoforo yɛ kokoram a ano yɛ den kɛse a atrɛw wɔ wo nipadua nyinaa mu. Sɛ ɛtrɛw saa a, ɛda adi kɛse sɛ kokoram no asinasin bɛpaapae na akɔ wo mogya mu.

Ebia oduruyɛfo bi bɛkra sɛ wɔnyɛ nsu a wɔde yɛ nipadua no mu nhwehwɛmu na ama wɔahu nneɛma te sɛ:

• Kyerɛ nea ɛbɛba daakye: Nsu a wɔde hwehwɛ nipadua mu no tumi hu akisikuru nkwammoaa a ɛkyinkyini (CTC) ma kokoram ahorow pii . Kokoram nkwammoaa dodow a ɛba fam wɔ mogya no mu no kyerɛ sɛ wobetumi anya nkɔmhyɛ a eye. Kokoram nkwammoaa dodow a ɛdɔɔso kyerɛ sɛ nkɔmhyɛ a enye koraa. Enti, wo duruyɛfo betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu yi bere ne bere mu de ahwɛ wo tebea no na sɛ ɛho hia a, wayɛ nsakrae wɔ w’ayaresa no mu.
• Si ayaresa ho gyinae: Ayaresa ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a wɔde wɔn ani si kokoram nkwammoaa bi nkutoo so (aduru a wɔde wɔn ani asi so). Eyi kyerɛ sɛ sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa bi wɔ mfomso bi (mutation) wɔ ne DNA mu a, wobetumi ama no aduru pɔtee bi a wɔayɛ sɛ ɛbɛtow ahyɛ saa mfomso no so. Nsu mu nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu betumi ahu mfomso ahorow yi. Afei wo duruyɛfo betumi ama wo ayaresa a ɛfa saa mfomso no ho pɔtee.

Afei nso, wubetumi ayɛ nsu mu nhwehwɛmu mpo sɛ ɛnyɛ yiye sɛ wobɛyɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu daa a ɛbɛma woahu kokoram a. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa yɛ adeyɛ a ɛyɛ hu sen nsu mu nhwehwɛmu. Ebia wunnya apɔwmuden a ɛbɛma wɔayɛ wo nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu. Anaasɛ, egyina faako a akisikuru no wɔ so no, ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wobeyi ne fã bi a wɔrensɛe akwaa a ɛho hia a ɛbɛn hɔ no.

Nsu mu biopsy nhwehwɛmu bɛn na FDA apene so?

Sɔhwɛ ahorow a U.S. Aduan ne Nnuru Dwumadibea (FDA) apene so no yɛ nea wɔayɛ ho nhwehwɛmu yiye na wɔada no adi sɛ asiane biara nni ho na ɛyɛ nokware. Nsu mu nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu pii da so ara wɔ nhwehwɛmu no fã. Nsɔhwɛ atitiriw anan na ɛwɔ hɔ a mprempren FDA apene so:

1. Cell Search® Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) Sɔhwɛ: Eyi yɛ CTC ahorow ho nhwehwɛmu. Nufu, prostateWɔde eyi di dwuma de nya adwene wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ kokoram a atrɛw akɔ wɔn akyi berɛmo anaa wɔn akyi berɛmo mu no daakye tebea ho. Sɛ CTC kakraa bi na ɛwɔ mogya no mu a, ɛno yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne pa. Sɛ CTC pii wɔ hɔ a, ɛno yɛ nea ɛnyɛ papa kakra.

2. cobas® EGFR Mutation Test v2: Eyi sɔ ctDNA hwɛ. Ɛhu nsakrae bi a ɛba awosu mu abɔde a wɔfrɛ no EGFR a ɛtaa ba titiriw wɔ ahurututu mu kokoram a ɛnyɛ nkwammoaa nketenkete (NSCLC) mu no mu. Saa nsɛm yi betumi aboa wo duruyɛfo ma wasi ayaresa a eye sen biara a wode bɛto saa nkwaadɔm mu nsakrae no so no ho gyinae.

3. Guardant360® CDx: Eyi nso hwehwɛ ctDNA. Wɔde hu awosu mu sintɔ ahorow a abu so wɔ kokoram nkwammoaa mu. Eyi boa oduruyɛfo no ma ɔpaw ayaresa a etu mpɔn sen biara.

4. FoundationOne® Nsu CDx: Eyi nso hwehwɛ ctDNA. Eyi boa ma wohu awosu mu sintɔ (nsakrae) a ɛwɔ kokoram ahorow mu. Eyi boa oduruyɛfo no ma osi ayaresa a ɛfata paa ho gyinae.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ nsu mu nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu? So ɛyɛ yaw?

Nsu mu nhwehwɛmu yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den koraa . Sɛnea wode mogya bɛma ma wɔayɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu daa no. Oduruyɛfo anaa ɔyarehwɛfo bi begye mogya bi afi wo nsa mu de akɔma lab ma wɔayɛ ho nhwehwɛmu.

Wɔ lab no, afiri bi tetew wo mogya mu ma ɛyɛ nkwammoaa no afã horow (ɔfã a ɛyɛ den) ne plasma (fã a ɛyɛ nsu). Afei, ɔyare ho ɔbenfo bi, ɔbenfo a wɔatete no sɛ ɔnhwehwɛ nsu ne ntini a wɔde yɛ nhwɛso mu no hwehwɛ yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow wɔ plasma fã no mu, a wɔfrɛ no CTCs anaa ctDNA.

So eyi yɛ yaw? Dabi, nsu a wɔde twa nipadua no te sɛ nea wɔde mogya ma ara pɛ. Sɛ wɔde ade no hyɛ wo nsa mu a, ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wo ho yɛ wo yaw kakra, te sɛ nea ntɛtea aka wo. Nanso saa ɔhaw no fi hɔ ntɛmntɛm.

Mfaso biako a ɛwɔ nsu mu nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu so ne sɛ ɛnyɛ adeyɛ a ɛnyɛ nea wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu na ɛnyɛ yaw koraa sen nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa.

Dɛn na nea efii sɔhwɛ yi mu bae no ka?

Nhwehwɛmu no mu aba kyerɛ wo sɛ ebia wo mogya mu nhwɛsode no kura `(CTCs)` anaa `(ctDNA)` (`positive`) anaasɛ enni mu (`negative`) .

• Sɛ nea efi mu ba no yɛ ``positive`` a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ nneɛma a wɔaka ho asɛm no wɔ mogya no mu. Afei, nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi nso betumi aboa ma woahu kokoram ko a wowɔ. Titiriw no, sɔhwɛ ahorow a ɛhwehwɛ ``(ctDNA)`` nso betumi ahu awosu mu sintɔ ahorow a ɛtaa ba a ɛbata kokoram ahorow bi ho.

Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na woanya nea efi mu ba no? Nsu mu nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu no yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ dɛn?

Mpɛn pii no ɛsɛ sɛ wonya sɔhwɛ mu aba wɔ adapɛn abien kosi abiɛsa ntam .

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea eyi yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Nsu a wɔde yɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a FDA apene so, dɛn na wɔayɛ ama, na ɛyɛ saa adwuma no pɛpɛɛpɛ.

• Oduruyɛfo no betumi anya adwene wɔ wo yare no daakye tebea ho na wahwɛ sɛnea wo yare no te denam `(CTC)` nhwehwɛmu so.
• Esiane sɛ ``(ctDNA)`` nhwehwɛmu tumi hu awosu mu sintɔ ahorow wɔ kokoram nkwammoaa DNA mu nti, ɛboa ma wosi ayaresa ho gyinae.

Nanso, wontumi mfa wɔn ho nto nsu mu nhwehwɛmu so bere nyinaa mfa nhu kokoram a ɛyɛ nokware 100% . Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ na ama wɔahu sɛ kokoram wɔ hɔ.

Mprempren nsu mu nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu yɛ beae a wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu ne nkɔso denneennen. Tumi a wotumi de mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den hu kokoram na wɔhwɛ so no yɛ asɛm kɛse. Wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu de ayɛ nsu mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hwehwɛ nipadua mu a ebetumi ahu kokoram ansa na anya mpo. Nanso, nhwehwɛmu pii ho hia na ama wɔate tumi a nsu a wɔde twitwiw nipadua no tumi nyinaa ase. Dedaw no, wɔreboa ma wɔahu kokoram ahorow bi na wɔasi ayaresa ho gyinae wɔ nsɛm pɔtee bi mu. Daakye, ɛda adi sɛ wobenya mfaso kɛse mpo.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

Okay, enti yɛaka liquid biopsy ho asɛm pii. Nneɛma kakraa bi a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛma ɛtra yɛn adwenem ni:

• Nsu mu nhwehwɛmu yɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo a wɔde hwehwɛ kokoram agyiraehyɛde ahorow wɔ mogya no mu .
• Eyi betumi ahu `(CTCs)` (kokoram nkwammoaa) ne `(ctDNA)` (kokoram DNA).
• Ɛyaw anaa ɛyaw kɛse biara nni hɔ te sɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa.
• Eyi boa ma wonya kokoram no tebea daakye ho adwene na wosi ayaresa ho gyinae .
• Nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi a FDA apene so wɔ hɔ dedaw.
• Nanso, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobesi kokoram so dua koraa no, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ nipadua no mu nhwehwɛmu daa .
• Eyi yɛ mfiridwuma a ɛda so ara renya nkɔso na ebetumi ayɛ nea mfaso wɔ so kɛse daakye.

Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ, sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa anaa nsɛm bi a ɛhaw wo wɔ eyi ho a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa. Obetumi akyerɛkyerɛ biribiara mu akyerɛ wo wɔ ɔkwan a eye ma wo so.

Mewɔ anidaso sɛ saa nsɛm yi so bɛba wo mfaso! Kɔ so nya apɔwmuden!

` Nsuo Biopsy, Kokoram, Kokoram a Wohu, ctDNA, CTCs, Mogya mu Nhwehwɛmu, Kokoram Ayaresa