Momma yensua pii fa kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu ho. Nsuro, momma yɛnkasa!

So woasusuw pɛn sɛ akwan bi wɔ hɔ a yebetumi afa so ahu yare bi a emu yɛ den te sɛ kokoram ansa na aba yɛn nipadua mu mpo, kyerɛ sɛ, ansa na sɛnkyerɛnne biara ada adi? Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu . Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛte sɛ nea wokyere owifo ansa na wabu wo fie. Sɛ wuhu ntɛm a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛsa, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a wubetumi asa kokoram koraa anaasɛ woasiw ano.

Enti, bere bɛn na wɔyɛ kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu yi? Henanom fam no?

Eyi taa gyina mfe a woadi ne sɛ ebia wowɔ asiane pɔtee bi a ɛbɛma woanya kokoram so. Nnipa dodow no ara fi ase susuw ho sɛ wɔbɛyɛ kokoram nhwehwɛmu bere a wɔadi mfe 40. Nanso, sɛ wowɔ abusua mu abakɔsɛm a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ kokoram anaa nneɛma afoforo a ɛde asiane ba a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu ntɛm.

Wɔ aman te sɛ Amerika mu no, animdefoɔ boayikuo te sɛ ``US Preventive Services Task Force'' wɔ hɔ a wɔsiesie akwankyerɛ ma saa kokoram nhwehwɛmu yi. Wosua sɛnea sɔhwɛ ahorow yi tu mpɔn na ahobammɔ wom, ne sɛ ebia egye nkurɔfo nkwa ankasa. Sɛ wɔda no adi pefee sɛ mfaso a ɛwɔ sɔhwɛ bi so no boro ɔhaw biara a ebetumi aba so nkutoo a , na wɔkamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ sɔhwɛ .

Dɛn ne mfaso ne ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ sɔhwɛ ahorow yi so?

Fa no sɛ, mfaso kɛse a ɛwɔ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi so ne sɛ sɛ kokoram wɔ hɔ a, wobetumi ahu no ntɛm ara . Afei, wobetumi afi ase sa yare ansa na kokoram no anyin na atrɛw akɔ nipadua no afã afoforo. Eyi ma tumi a wɔde sa kokoram no yɛ kɛse, na ebetumi nso atrɛw nkwa nna mu. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi tumi hu nsakrae a ɛba ansa na kokoram aba a ebetumi abɛyɛ kokoram mpo. Afei, hokwan wɔ hɔ a wɔde besiw kokoram ano ansa na aba.

Ɔkwan foforo so no, ɛwom sɛ ɛntaa nsi koraa de, nanso asiane ahorow bi wɔ hɔ. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɔhwɛ mu aba betumi ayɛ nea ɛnteɛ (`sɔhwɛ mu aba a ɛnteɛ`). Ɛne sɛ, hokwan ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ sɛ obi a onni yare no betumi akyerɛ sɛ ɔwɔ yare no (`false positive`), na obi a ɔwɔ yare no nso betumi akyerɛ sɛ onni yare no (`false negative`). Afei nso, biribi a wɔfrɛ no ``overdiagnosis`` betumi aba. Ɛne sɛ, ebia wobehu sɛ wowɔ kokoram bi a ɛrenyin brɛoo paa a worennya daakye, na ebia wɔbɛsa wo yare a ɛho nhia. Nanso saa nneɛma yi ntaa nsi koraa. Nnuruyɛfo susuw saa nneɛma yi nyinaa ho bere a wɔresi nhwehwɛmu a eye ma wo ho gyinae no.

Kae: Botae titiriw a ɛwɔ kokoram nhwehwɛmu mu ne sɛ wɔbɛkyere kokoram ntɛm. Eyi betumi akɔ akyiri wɔ nkwa a wobegye mu.

Kokoram mu nhwehwɛmu bɛn na wɔtaa kamfo kyerɛ?

Kokoram nhwehwɛmu atitiriw abiɛsa na wɔkamfo kyerɛ sɛ sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, wɔn a wɔwɔ asiane mu, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wonni abusua abakɔsɛm pɔtee biara:

• Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hu nufu mu kokoram
• Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hu awotwaa mu kokoram
• Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hu kokoram a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu (kokoram a ɛwɔ akyi berɛmo mu) .

Nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ mfaso a ɛwɔ kokoram ahorow yi a wɔbɛhwehwɛ mu no boro asiane a ebetumi aba no so koraa. Wogye nkwa ampa.

1. Nufu mu Kokoram Ho Nhwehwɛmu

Sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɛsɛ sɛ mmea a wɔwɔ asiane mu fi ase yɛ nufu mu kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu bere a wɔadi mfe 40. Mprempren akwankyerɛ ahorow kamfo kyerɛ sɛ mmea nyɛ nufu mu kokoram ho mfonini mfe abien biara . Mammogram yɛ X-ray a wɔde hwɛ nufu no. Ebetumi ahu akuru nketenkete anaa nsakrae afoforo wɔ nufu no mu ansa na yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ada adi. Eyi aboa ma nufu mu kokoram a wowuwu no so atew.

Sɛ wususuw sɛ asiane kɛse wom sɛ wubenya nufu mu kokoram (sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu anya bi wɔ ne mmofraase) a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu mpɛn pii anaasɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu afoforo te sɛ nufu mu MRI, de nka nufu mu nhwehwɛmu ho.

2. Awotwaa mu Kokoram Ho Nhwehwɛmu

Mpɛn pii no, ɛsɛ sɛ wofi ase hwehwɛ awotwaa mu kokoram mu bere a wɔadi mfe 21. Ɛnyɛ sɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi hu awotwaa mu kokoram ntɛm nko, na mmom wohu nkwammoaa mu nsakrae a ebetumi ama obi anya kokoram, a wɔfrɛ no awotwaa mu dysplasia . Wobetumi ahu ɔyare mmoawa a wɔfrɛ no human papillomavirus (HPV) a ɛyɛ ade titiriw a ɛde awotwaa mu kokoram ba nso.

Wɔde nhwehwɛmu ahorow abien di dwuma titiriw ma awotwaa mu kokoram:

• Pap smear: Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwehwɛ nkwammoaa bi a efi awotwaa no mu hwɛ sɛ ebia kokoram nkwammoaa anaa nkwammoaa a edi kokoram bi wɔ hɔ anaa.
• HPV nhwehwɛmu: Eyi hwɛ sɛ ebia human papillomavirus (HPV) ahorow a asiane kɛse wom a ebetumi ama obi anya awotwaa mu kokoram anaa.

Akwankyerɛ a wɔkamfo kyerɛ mprempren no ne nea edidi so yi:

• Mfe 21-29: Wɔyɛ Pap smeer biako mfe abiɛsa biara.
• Mfeɛ 30-65: Wɔne Pap smear ne HPV nhwehwɛmu bɛbom ayɛ nhwehwɛmu mfeɛ anum biara, anaasɛ Pap smear kɛkɛ mfeɛ mmiɛnsa biara, anaasɛ HPV nhwehwɛmu kɛkɛ mfeɛ anum biara.

Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo ɔkwan a eye ma wo.

3. Kokoram a Wɔde Hwɛ Awotwaa Mu

Ɛho hia sɛ sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, nnipa a wɔwɔ asiane mu no fi ase yɛ wɔn akyi berɛmo mu kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu bere a wɔadi mfe 45. Saa kokoram yi nso ne ade titiriw a ɛde owu ba. Nanso sɛ wohu ntɛm a, wobetumi asa. Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi tumi hu nneɛma nketenkete a enyin (polyps) a ebetumi abɛyɛ kokoram na wɔayi afi hɔ, na wobetumi de ayi nyin a ɛnyɛ kokoram nso afi hɔ. Ɔkwan foforo so no, nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi betumi asiw akyi berɛmo mu kokoram ano mpo!

Mpɛn pii no eyi ntiWɔhyɛ nyansa sɛ wɔnyɛ ``Colonoscopy'' mfeɛ 10 biara. ``Colonoscopy'' yɛ dwensɔtwaa kɛse no mu nhwehwɛmu a edi mũ a wɔde afiri a wɔde mfoninitwa afiri abata ho di dwuma.

Akwan foforo nso wɔ hɔ:

• Fecal occult blood tests (e.g. FIT, gFOBT anaa stool DNA test) - Wɔtaa yɛ eyinom mfe biako kosi abiɛsa biara, egyina nhwehwɛmu ko a wɔyɛ so.
• Virtual colonoscopy - mfeɛ anum biara.
• Flexible sigmoidoscopy - mfeɛ anum biara.
• Flexible sigmoidoscopy mfeɛ 10 biara ne afe afe FIT sɔhwɛ.

Kokoram mu nhwehwɛmu afoforo bɛn na wɔreka ho asɛm?

Kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu afoforo pii wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ne wo duruyɛfo akasa afa ho. Ebia sɔhwɛ ahorow bi bɛboa nnipa binom, nanso ebia ɛnyɛ nea ɛfata mma obiara. Anaasɛ, ebia adanse a ɛdɔɔso nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mfaso a ɛwɔ saa sɔhwɛ ahorow no so no dɔɔso sen asiane ahorow no.

• Ahurututu mu kokoram mu nhwehwɛmu: Eyi yɛ mfoninitwa kwan, te sɛ scan. Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo eyi akyerɛ sɛ woadi fi mfe 50 kosi 80 na woanom sigaret (mprempren wonom sigaret anaasɛ woagyae nnansa yi ara) a.
• Anom kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu: Nsõ ho oduruyɛfo bɛhwɛ w’ano sɛ ebia kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi wɔ hɔ anaa. Ɛwom sɛ akwankyerɛ pɔtee biara nni hɔ a ɛfa eyi ho de, nanso ebia wo sẽ ho oduruyɛfo bɛyɛ eyi bere a worekɔhwɛ wo sẽ no.
• Prostate cancer nhwehwɛmu: Wɔma mmarima mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔfrɛ no PSA mogya mu nhwehwɛmu de hwehwɛ prostate kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Wo duruyɛfo ne wo bɛkasa afa eyi ho sɛ woadi fi mfe 55 kosi 69 a.
• Wo honam ani kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu: Honam ani yare ho ɔyaresafo hwehwɛ wo honam ani hwɛbea hwehwɛ kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow. Ɛwom sɛ adanse a emu yɛ den biara nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi brɛ honam ani kokoram a wowuwu no ase de, nanso afe biara nnipa pii yɛ wɔn nipadua nyinaa mu nhwehwɛmu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi?

Ansa na wobɛkɔ akɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu no, wo duruyɛfoɔ anaa akwahosan ho ɔyaresafoɔ bɛkyerɛ wo deɛ ɛbɛsi wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu, sɛdeɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wosiesie wo ho, ne deɛ nhwehwɛmu no mu aba bɛtumi aka akyerɛ wo wɔ w’akwahosan ho.

Kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow:

• Nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu: Oduruyɛfo bɛhwɛ wo nipadua mu sɛ ebia nsakrae biara bi te sɛ akuru a ɛyɛ soronko. Wobebisa nsɛm afa w’akwahosan ho su ne abusua akwahosan ho abakɔsɛm ho.
• Mfonini a wɔde sɔ hwɛ: Eyinom twa nipadua no mu mfonini. Mammogram ne colonoscopy yɛ mfoninitwa nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hwehwɛ kokoram mu.
• Lab nhwehwɛmu: Ebia eyinom bi ne mogya mu nhwehwɛmu ne ntini mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hu kokoram. Pap smear yɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ aduruyɛdan mu a wɔfa ntini bi na wɔhwehwɛ kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow.
• Awosu mu nhwehwɛmu: Saa nhwehwɛmu yi hwehwɛ wo DNA mu hwɛ sɛ wowɔ awosu mu nsakrae bi a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya kokoram no yɛ kɛse anaa. Wɔyɛ eyinom wɔ nsɛm titiriw bi mu nkutoo.

Momma yensua sɔhwɛ foforo nso ho ade: Multiple Cancer Detection (MCD) nhwehwɛmu

Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu foforo bi a wɔfrɛ no Galleri nhwehwɛmu reba. Wɔkyerɛ sɛ etumi hu kokoram ahorow bɛboro 50 prɛko pɛ. Nanso, wonnya npenee so sɛ nnwumakuw te sɛ U.S. Aduan ne Nnuru Dwumadibea (FDA) de bedi dwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛkɔ akyiri so. Sɛ w’ani gye sɔhwɛ a ɛte sɛɛ ho a, wubetumi ne oduruyɛfo akasa na woasua pii.

Dɛn na kokoram nhwehwɛmu a wonyae no kyerɛ?

Kokoram nhwehwɛmu hwehwɛ nsakrae a ɛba wo nipadua mu a ebetumi ayɛ kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Nhwehwɛmu no mu aba no nyɛ `diagnosis` a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ kokoram, na saa ara nso na ɛnyɛ awerɛhyem sɛ wunni kokoram. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, kokoram mu nhwehwɛmu betumi ama nea efi mu ba a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so. Sɛ ɛba saa a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu pii. Te sɛ sɔhwɛ a edi kan no, sɛ woyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo a, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ kokoram.

Bere bɛn na mehu sɔhwɛ no mu aba?

Sɔhwɛ ahorow bi betumi agye nna kakraa bi ansa na wɔanya nea efi mu ba. Afoforo nso betumi agye dapɛn biako ansa na oduruyɛfo no anya nea efi mu ba no na waka akyerɛ wo. Wubetumi abisa beae a woyɛɛ nhwehwɛmu no anaa wo duruyɛfo no bere a egye na woanya nea efii mu bae no ho asɛm.

Sɛ me nhwehwɛmu no da kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne adi a, dɛn na ɛba?

Ade a edi kan a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae ne sɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hwehwɛ nipadua mu no nyɛ nea wɔde hu yare no. Sɛ nea efi mu ba no da kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne adi a, wo duruyɛfo no bɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu pii de ahu nea ɛrekɔ so ankasa no ho nsɛm pii. Afei nso, esiane sɛ nhwehwɛmu bi nkyerɛ kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne nti, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wowɔ apɔwmuden koraa. Kokoram fi ase ketewaa bi, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a etumi nyin brɛoo paa. Enti, bisa wo duruyɛfo bere a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ wo nhwehwɛmu a edi hɔ no.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

Sɛ wunnim nhwehwɛmu a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa. Eyi te saa titiriw sɛ wowɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wubenya kokoram anaasɛ woadi kan ayɛ oprehyɛn (te sɛ hysterectomy) a ebetumi aka wo nhyehyɛe a wode besiw kokoram ano no a.

Nsɛmmisa bi a wubetumi abisa:

• "Kokoram nhwehwɛmu bɛn na oduruyɛfo no kamfo kyerɛ me?"
• "Dɛn nti na oduruyɛfo no kamfo saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow no kyerɛ?"
• "So ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ saa sɔhwɛ ahorow yi ntɛm?"
• "So oduruyɛfo no ankasa betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi, anaasɛ ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo titiriw nkyɛn?"
• "So sɔhwɛ ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a wobetumi ayɛ wɔ fie?"
• "Mpɛn ahe na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ saa sɔhwɛ ahorow yi?"

Kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu betumi ahu kokoram ho kɔkɔbɔ ho sɛnkyerɛnne ntɛm. Ɛwom sɛ kokoram a wohu ntɛm na wɔsa no ma hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛsa no yɛ kɛse de, nanso adeyɛ no nyinaa betumi ayɛ hu kakra na ɛde dadwen aba. Enti, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu a ebia ɛbɛboa wo no ho asɛm. Wɔn ani begye sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ nea sɔhwɛ biara hwehwɛ, sɛnea wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow no, ne sɛnea wɔbɛka nea ebefi mu aba no ho asɛm akyerɛ wo.

Sɛ wudi kan hu nea wobɛhwɛ kwan a, ebetumi de asomdwoe pii aba w’adwene mu bere a wuhyia wo kokoram nhwehwɛmu a edi kan no.

Awiei koraa no, nkrasɛm a wɔde kɔ fie

Okay, enti nsɛm a wɔaboaboa ano a ɛbɛboa wo ma woakae nsɛntitiriw bi a ɛho hia sen biara wɔ nea yɛaka ho asɛm no mu ni:

• Kokoram mu nhwehwɛmu yɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔde hu kokoram ansa na ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ada adi. Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi betumi aboa ma wɔakyere kokoram ntɛm.
• Sɛ wohu ntɛm a, ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔbɛsa no yiye, na ebetumi mpo asiw kokoram no ano.
• Mfe a woadi ne asiane ahorow na ɛkyerɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne bere a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ.
• Wɔtaa kamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nufu, awotwaa mu kokoram, ne akyi berɛmo mu kokoram ho nhwehwɛmu.
• Nea efi sɔhwɛ mu ba no nyɛ nea etwa to a wɔde hu yare no. Sɛ wohu sɛ nea efi mu ba a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo.
• Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa pefee mfa nhwehwɛmu ahorow a ɛfata wo ne ɔkwan a ɛsɛ sɛ wofa so yɛ no ho. Mma nsuro anaa n’ani nnwu.

Mewɔ anidaso sɛ saa nsɛm yi ho bɛba wo mfaso. Nhumu a ɛte saa ho hia yiye ma asetra a ahoɔden wom!

` Kokoram nhwehwɛmu, kokoram nhwehwɛmu, ntɛm a wohu, apɔwmuden asetra, nufu mu kokoram, awotwaa mu kokoram, akyi berɛmo mu kokoram, siw ano