So woasusuw sɛnea yɛn nipadua sesa nkrasɛm nketenkete de ko tia nyarewa na ɛboa yɛn ho yɛn ho no ho pɛn? Yɛn nipadua no afã horow bi wɔ hɔ a ɛyɛ adwuma te sɛ sum ase abɔfo nketewa.
Cytokines yɛ nnuru kuw bi a ɛyɛ adwuma titiriw a ɛte saa. Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka abɔfoɔ nketewa nanso wɔn ho hia paa yi ho asɛm.
Dɛn ankasa ne cytokines?
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, cytokines yɛ protein bi. Wɔte sɛ nnuru abɔfo a wɔde nsɛm a ɛwɔ yɛn
nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa mu no di nkitaho . Susuw yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ho sɛ asraafo dɔm a wɔbɔ ɔman bi ho ban. Saa asraafo dɔm yi wɔ
nkorabata ahorow , asraafo. Afei hena na ɔde nkrasɛm te sɛ, "Ɔtamfo no ni!" "Kɔ ha na kɔko!" "Bɔ wo ho ban saa!"? Ɛno ne nea saa
cytokines yi yɛ. Sɛ
ɔyare mmoawa te sɛ mmoawa, mmoawa, mmoawa, anaa nneɛma a ɛma yɛn ho yɛ hyew hyɛn yɛn nipadua mu a, saa cytokines yi ka kyerɛ yɛn nipadua mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no sɛ "wɔnkɔyɛ adwuma, wɔnko tia saa ntuafo yi." Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom saa cytokines yi boa ma yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ adwuma yiye na ɛne yɛn ho yɛn ho yɛ biako, bere mpo a asiane biara nni yɛn nipadua so no. Sɛnea wɔsesa nkrasɛm na ama yɛn adwumayɛbea no akɔ so ayɛ adwuma yiye no.
Cytokines ahorow bɛn na ɛwɔ hɔ?
Abɔfo abusua yi mufo ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ wɔn cytokines. Wɔn nyinaa kyerɛ nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no baabi a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkɔ ne nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ. Nanso ahorow pii wɔ hɔ, a egyina wɔn dwumadi pɔtee so. Momma yɛnhwɛ ahorow atitiriw no mu kakraa bi.
- Chemokines: Eyinom ne "akwankyerɛfo." Wɔte sɛ GPS. Wɔn na wɔkyerɛ nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa kwan kɔ baabi a ɔyare no bi wɔ, na wɔka kyerɛ wɔn sɛ, "Mommra saa kwan yi so."
- Interferons: Eyinom din ankasa kyerɛ "sɛ wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu." Dɛn na ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi de ne ho bɛhyɛ mu? Wɔyɛ adwuma denam mmoawa a wosiw ano sɛ wɔbɛkɔ yɛn nkwammoaa mu na wɔayɛ mmoawa pii (‘replicating’) so. Ɛte sɛ nea wode sɛnkyerɛnne bi a ɛkyerɛ mmoawa a ɛka sɛ, "No more going here!"
- Interleukins: Wonyaa din no fii nsɛmfua "inter" (ntam) ne "leukocyte" (mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa) mu. Kan no na wosusuw sɛ saa nnuru yi di nkitaho wɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa ntam nkutoo. Nanso, seesei wɔahu sɛ nkwammoaa afoforo nso na ɛyɛ wɔn na wɔn nso di nkitaho wɔ mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛnyɛ fitaa ntam.
- Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF): Eyi te sɛ edin a ɛyɛ katee kakra, ɛnte saa? N’adwuma titiriw ne sɛƐhyɛ ɔfe , a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛho ahonhon na ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ no so. Ɛsan nso ma nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no sɛe akisikuru nkwammoaa .
- Colony-Stimulating Factors (CSF): Eyinom te sɛ "nkwaboaa adwumayɛbea no so ahwɛfo" wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Efisɛ, nkwammoaa soronko bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no mogya ntini mu nkwammoaa (HSC) . Saa nkwammoaa yi tumi yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa ahorow nyinaa te sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, ne mogya mu nkwammoaa. Saa "adeyɛ nhyehyɛe" ( Hematopoiesis ) yi, saa "CSF" yi boa, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛka kyerɛ ntini mu nkwammoaa no sɛ "wɔnyɛ nkwammoaa a ɛte sɛɛ". Sɛ nhwɛso no, " G-CSF " boa ma wɔyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa bi a wɔfrɛ no "Neutrophil" . Saa neutrophils yi ho hia yiye wɔ ɔyare mmoawa a wɔko tia mu.
Wɔde nkwammoaa ko a ɛyɛ no din ato cytokines afoforo bi so.
- Lymphokines: Efisɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa bi a wɔfrɛ no lymphocytes na ɛyɛ.
- Monokines: Efisɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa bi a wɔfrɛ no monocytes na ɛyɛ.
Mmoa bɛn na cytokines de ma yɛn nipadua?
Sɛ yɛka cytokines ho asɛm a, nnipa dodow no ara dwen
ɔfe ho . Sɛ yesusuw ɔfe ho a, yesusuw ɔfe ne kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ yaw a ɛba bere a yɛyare anaasɛ obi ho yɛ no hyew no ho. Nanso ɔfe yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ankasa sɛ yɛn nipadua mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no reko atia ntua anaasɛ ɛresa ntini a apira.
Fa no sɛ sɛ wotwa wo nsateaa a, baabi a ɛho ahonhon na ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, ɛnte saa? Ɛno ne ɔfe. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ wɔde cytokines kɔ hɔ, na wɔka sɛ, "Ɔhaw bi wɔ ha, bra bɛhwɛ, na sa kuru no yare," na wɔde nkwammoaa a ɛfa ho no ba na wofi ase yɛ adwuma.
Enti, cytokines te sɛ nnuru abɔfo a wɔka kyerɛ nkwammoaa “sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ wɔn ade.” Wɔkyerɛ nneɛma te sɛ:
- Nkwammoaa a wɔma ɛyɛ adwuma: Ɛkyerɛ nkwammoaa no baabi a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkɔ ne nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ɛkyerɛ nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no kwan kɔ baabi a ɔyare mmoawa bi wɔ no ma wɔko tia mmoawa a wɔwɔ hɔ no. Ɛsan nso kyerɛ sɛ nneɛma a ɛfa ɔfe ho no kɔ soro anaasɛ ɛso tew.
- Nkwammoaa mu nsonsonoe:Eyi te sɛ ntetee sukuu. Wɔfa nkwammoaa a ennyinii na wɔtete wɔn ma wɔyɛ "eyi ne nkwammoaa a wopɛ sɛ woyɛ bere a woanyin no." Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔfa nkwammoaa ketewaa bi na wɔdan no mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa a ebetumi ako atia ɔyare mmoawa.
- Nkwammoaa a ɛdɔɔso: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ "ma nnipa pii ani nnye wo." Ɛte sɛ nea woreyɛ mfonini bi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wuhia mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa pii na wode ako atia ɔyare mmoawa bi a, wokyerɛ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no sɛ “wɔmma nnipa pii ani nnye wo.”
Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na mmom ɛtɔ mmere bi a cytokines nso kyerɛ yɛn nipadua mu nkwammoaa sɛ "wɔnyɛ cytokines pii." Afei ɔhyew ho mmuae no kɔ soro kɛse mpo.
Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ cytokines a ɛboa ɔyare mmoawa ne nea ɛko tia ɔyare mmoawa ntam?
Sɛ yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no reyɛ adwuma yiye a, cytokines kanyan ɔfe bere a ɛho hia na ama yɛako atia ntuafo na asa ntini ahorow yare no. Afei, wɔka sɛ, "Okay, ɛno ara dɔɔso, ɛno ara ne no," na wɔtew ɔfe no so na wogyae. Ɛte sɛ
accelerator (gas pedal) ne breki a ɛwɔ kar so.
- Cytokines a ɛboa ɔyare mmoawa: Eyinom ne "gas pedals." Eyinom ne mmarima a wɔkyerɛ sɛ inflammation fi ase na ɛkɔ soro. Sɛ ɔtamfo bi hyɛn yɛn nipadua mu a, wɔka sɛ, "Obiara, siesie wo ho mma ɔko!"
- Cytokines a ɛko tia ɔyare mmoawa: Eyinom ne "breki". Eyinom ne nea ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wogyae ɔfe na ɛtew so . Efisɛ, sɛ ɔfe kɔ soro dodo a, ebetumi asɛe ntini pa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no nso. Eyinom na esiw saa kwan.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɔfe a wobegyae no ho hia te sɛ nea wofi ase no ara pɛ. Ɔfe pii betumi ama wanya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛnyɛ dɛ, nyarewa a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ wɔansa a, ebetumi de ne nkwa ato asiane mu.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na saa cytokines yi yɛ adwuma?
Eyi si wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw koraa so. Susuw cytokine ho sɛ
safe , na
`receptor` bi wɔ nkwammoaa no so a ɛne saa safoa no hyia. Sɛ cytokine (safoa) no kɔ na ɛhyɛ saa `receptor` a ɛwɔ saa nkwammoaa no so no mu a, saa nkwammoaa no nsa ka nkrasɛm "Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ?". Afei saa nkwammoaa no yɛ adwuma sɛnea saa nkrasɛm no kyerɛ. Ma yɛnhwɛ nhwɛso bi. Sɛ yɛn nipadua mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu biako hu biribi a epira te sɛ mmoawa bi wɔ nipadua no mu a, saa nkwammoaa no ma cytokine bi fi hɔ. Saa cytokine yi fa mogya mu anaa ntini mu na ɛhwehwɛ nkwammoaa bi a ɛwɔ `receptor` a ɛne no hyia. Sɛ cytokine no kyekyere saa `receptor` no a, nkwammoaa a ɛgye saa nkra no nya akwankyerɛ no. Ebia saa nkwammoaa no bɛkɔ baabi a mmoawa no wɔ na afi ase atow ahyɛ no so. Anaasɛ, ɛbɛhyɛ ne banbɔ mu den na amma mmoawa no ankɔ mu. Cytokines tumi de nkra kɔma nkwammoaa a eyii no, nkwammoaa a ɛbɛn hɔ, anaa nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri mpo.
- Nkrasɛm a wɔde kɔma n’ankasa nkwammoaa (`Autocrine signaling`):Cytokine no kyekyere aduru bi a ɛwɔ nkwammoaa a eyii no adi no so.
- Paracrine signaling: ɛkyekyere receptors a ɛwɔ nkwammoaa a ɛbɛn hɔ no so.
- Endocrine signaling: Cytokines kyekyere receptors a ɛwɔ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri fi nkwammoaa a ɛmaa wogyaee no ho.
Nkwammoaa bi wɔ yɛn nipadua nyinaa mu a ɛwɔ cytokine `receptors. Nokwarem no, nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu akwaa pii wɔ saa `nneɛma a ɛgye nneɛma' yi. Eyi nti na ɔfe betumi aba baabiara no.
Ɛhe na cytokines fi? Hena na ɔyɛ wɔn?
Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa , a ɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa (leukocytes) na ɛyɛ cytokines a abu so sen biara wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Eyinom bi ne:
- Macrophages a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
- Dendritic nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
- Nkwammoaa a ɛma mogya tu (T ne B lymphocytes) .
- Monocytes a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu
- Nnuru a wɔfrɛ no neurophils
- Basophils a wɔfrɛ no basophils
- Eosinophils a wɔde yɛ nnuru
- Nkwammoaa a wɔfrɛ no mast cells
Nanso ɛnyɛ nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa nko, na mmom nkwammoaa ahorow afoforo pii a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu betumi ayɛ cytokines. Nhwɛso kakraa bi ni:
- Endothelial cells: Nkwammoaa a ɛhyehyɛ yɛn mogya ntini mu.
- Epithelial cells: Nkwammoaa a ɛhyehyɛ yɛn akwaa ahorow.
- Fibroblasts: Nkwammoaa a wohu wɔ ntini a ɛka bom mu.
- Stromal cells: Nkwammoaa foforo a wohu wɔ ntini a ɛka bom mu.
- Schwann nkwammoaa: Nkwammoaa a atwa ntini mu nkwammoaa (neurons) ho ahyia.
Nkwammoaa ahorow betumi ayɛ cytokine koro no ara.
Nyarewa bɛn na wobetumi de abata cytokines ho?
Cytokines ho hia ma yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa, na wɔde abata nyarewa pii a yebetumi anya ho. Mpɛn pii no, cytokines boa ma yɛmfa nyarewa nnya yɛn ho. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no tumi yɛ cytokines pii dodo. Eyi betumi ayɛ ɔyare mmoawa bi ho mmuaema anaasɛ ayaresa bi te sɛ
nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no fã . Wɔfrɛ eyi
cytokine release syndrome (CRS) anaa
cytokine ahum . Eyi betumi de sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛka yɛn nipadua nhyehyɛe pii aba. Sɛ wɔansa saa tebea yi a, ebetumi de ne nkwa ato asiane mu. Sɛ cytokines dɔɔso dodo a, ɔhyew no yɛ kɛse. Saa ɔfe a ɛboro so yi betumi asɛe ntini ahorow, na ɛde nyarewa te sɛ:
- Nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa: Eyi ne bere a yɛn ankasa nipadua mu nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no di mfomso tow hyɛ yɛn ankasa nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden so no.
- Nkwammoaa mu nyarewa:Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra ho, ɔkwan a yɛn nipadua fa so dan aduan ma ɛbɛyɛ ahoɔden na eyi nwura fi hɔ.
- Kokoram
- Sepsis: Eyi ne bere a nipadua no ɔhyew ho mmuae no mu yɛ den araa ma mogya a ɛkɔ akwaa atitiriw mu no so tew. Sepsis yɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ a ebetumi akum obi.
Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo. Sɛ wo nipadua mu cytokine dodow akɔ soro na wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ adwuma boro so a, wo duruyɛfo betumi akyerɛw wo ayaresa ahorow a ɛbɛma saa ɔfe no so atew.
Dɛn ne cytokine panel?
Nnuruyɛfo betumi ahu sɛ wo nipadua no reyɛ cytokines pii dodo anaasɛ kakraa bi dodo. Wɔde biribi a wɔfrɛ no
cytokine panel na ɛyɛ eyi . Eyi yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den. Wɔfa wo mogya mu na wɔhwɛ cytokines dodow a ɛne ɔfe wɔ abusuabɔ. Sɛ cytokine dodow no dɔɔso a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔfe no kɔ soro. Afei, wobetumi afi nnuru a ɛho hia no ase.
Nneɛma a ɛho hia paa a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi saa asɛm yi mu ne
Enti, ebia afei woate sɛnea cytokines ho hia ma nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛyɛ papa no ase. Te sɛ biribiara no,
sɛnea wɔyɛ ade wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so no yɛ ade titiriw.
Sɛ cytokine sɛnkyerɛnnede no yɛ nea ɛfata na ɛwɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so a, ebetumi abɔ yɛn ho ban afi ɔyare mmoawa ho. Nanso, sɛ cytokine dodow kɔ soro dodo a, sɛ wɔansa a, ɔfe a ɛboro so a efi mu ba no betumi apira.
Enti, ɛho hia paa sɛ yɛma yɛn ani da hɔ wɔ saa nkitahodi nwonwaso a ɛkɔ so wɔ yɛn nipadua mu yi ho. Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa anaa adwenem naayɛ bi wɔ eyi ho a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase da sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo bɛkasa.
💬 Comments (0)
Wɔnnya nyɛɛ nsɛm biara. Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho wɔ ha nea edi kan.
Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho