So wo ba kumaa no wɔ hormone ho haw bi? Momma yɛnka mmofra ntini mu yare ho oduruyɛfo bi ho asɛm!

Ɛtɔ da bi a, sɛ yedwen nyarewa a yɛn mma nkumaa nya ho, titiriw bere a ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra a, yɛte adesoa kɛse nka wɔ yɛn koma so, ɛnte saa? Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa hormone ho no yɛ ade koro. Nanso ɛho nhia sɛ wohaw wo ho. Efisɛ nnuruyɛfo atitiriw bi wɔ hɔ a wobetumi aboa wo ne wo ba wɔ mmere te sɛ eyinom mu. Ɛno ne onipa a ɔyɛ mmofra endocrinologist , anaasɛ sɛnea yɛka wɔ Borɔfo kasa mu no, ``Pediatric Endocrinologist''. Enti ɛnnɛ, momma yɛnka oduruyɛfo titiriw yi ho asɛm kakra.

Hena ne Mmofra Nkwammoaa mu Ɔbenfo?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, mmofra hormone ho ɔbenfo yɛ oduruyɛfo a ohu nyarewa a ɛfa hormone ho wɔ mmofra ne mmabun mu na ɔsa , kyerɛ sɛ, ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ endocrine nhyehyɛe mu. Sɛ wo ba no rehyia ɔhaw ahorow wɔ mmerantebere ne mmabaabere mu , onyin ho haw, tebea horow te sɛ asikreyare , anaa tebea foforo biara a ɛfa hormone ne ntini a ɛma ɛyɛ no ho a, oduruyɛfo titiriw yi betumi aboa.

Enti dɛn ne endocrinology yi?

Endocrinology yɛ nnuruyɛ baa dwumadibea a ɛsua endocrine nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no ho ade. Saa nhyehyɛe yi yɛ endocrine glands, endocrine akwaa, ne hormone ahorow. Fa no sɛ ɛyɛ ɔkwan titiriw a yɛn nipadua fa so de nkrasɛm di nkitaho.

Nkwammoaa a Ɛma Nkwammoaa Mu

Eyinom yɛ yɛn nipadua mu ntini soronko a ɛma nkwaadɔm a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma na ɛma ɛkɔ mogya no mu. Ntini ahorow atitiriw pii wɔ hɔ:

• Adrenal glands: Eyinom yɛ ntini nketewa abien a ɛwɔ yɛn asaabo atifi. Wɔyɛ hormone ahorow a ɛyɛ wɔn ade wɔ adwennwen ho, ne hormone ahorow a ɛhwɛ nkyene dodow so.
• Pituitary gland : Saa ntini ketewaa a ɛte sɛ nnompe a ɛwɔ amemene no ase pɛɛ yi na ɛhwɛ ntini afoforo pii so, enti ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔfrɛ no "master gland."
• Thyroid : Saa ntini a ɛte sɛ ntontom a ɛwɔ kɔn no anim yi ma nkwaadɔm a ɛhwɛ sɛnea nipadua no de ahoɔden di dwuma no so.
• Parathyroid ntini: Saa ntini nketewa anan a ɛwɔ thyroid ntini no akyi yi na ɛhwɛ calcium dodow a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no so.

Akwaa a Ɛma Nkwammoaa Mu

Saa akwaa ahorow yi nso yɛ hormone ahorow na ɛyɛ nnwuma titiriw afoforo.

• Pancreas : Saa akwaa a ɛwɔ yafunu no atifi yi ne asikreyare wɔ abusuabɔ.Ɛma insulin a wɔfrɛ no hormone no ba .
• Hypothalamus: Amemene no fã yi na ɛhwɛ pituitary gland no so.
• Ovaries : Ɔbea awo nhyehyɛe no fã bi a ɛma ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu nkwaadɔm.
• Testes : Ɔbarima awo nhyehyɛe no fã bi a ɛma ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu nkwaadɔm.

Nnuru a ɛma nipadua no nya ahoɔden

Hormone ahorow te sɛ nnuru abɔfo wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Wɔnam mogya no mu fi ntini biako mu kɔ foforo mu na ɛka akwaa anaa ntini foforo a wɔde wɔn ani asi so. Hormone ahorow ka nneɛma a ɛho hia pii wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Nhwɛso kakraa bi ni:

• Metabolism : Adeyɛ a nipadua no fa so dan aduan ma ɛyɛ ahoɔden na ɛde saa ahoɔden no di dwuma.
• Onyin: Ɔkwan a yɛfa so nyin tenten na yɛn nipadua nyin.
• Ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu awo : Nneɛma te sɛ mmerantebere ne mmabaabere ne tumi a obi tumi wo.
• Dae: Yɛn nna ne yɛn nyane kyinhyia a yedi so.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ mmofra hormone ho ɔbenfo ne hormone ho ɔbenfo a ɔhwɛ nipadua mu nyinaa ntam?

Eyi yɛ asɛm a ɛho hia paa. Mmofra nyɛ nnipa nkumaa. Ɔkwan a wɔn nipadua nyin ne sɛnea wɔn hormone ahorow no yɛ adwuma no yɛ soronko koraa wɔ mpanyimfo ho. Hormone ho haw a mmofra hyia no nso betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ nea mpanyimfo hyia no ho. Mmofra hormone ho animdefo yɛ nnuruyɛfo a wɔanya ntetee titiriw wɔ sɛnea hormone haw ahorow yi fa mmofra nyin ne wɔn nkɔso ho. Enti, wobetumi de ayaresa pɔtee bi ama mmofra.

Dɛn na mmofra hormone ho ɔbenfo yɛ? Tebea bɛn na wɔsa?

Mmofra nipadua mu ntini ho ɔbenfo hwehwɛ tebea horow a ɛka abofra ntini mu ntini nhyehyɛe no, sa, na ɔhwɛ so. Ma yɛnhwɛ tebea horow yi bi.

Adrenal gland mu ɔhaw ahorow

Yɛn adrenal glands no yɛ hormone ahorow pii a ɛho hia. Ɔhaw ahorow a ebetumi aba wɔ saa ntini ahorow yi ho no bi ne:

• Addison yare: Eyi ba bere a abofra no nipadua ntumi nnya nkwaadɔm abien a ɛdɔɔso, cortisol (hormone a ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ adwennwen ho) ne aldosterone (hormone a ɛhwɛ nkyene dodow so).
• Awosu mu adrenal hyperplasia: Eyi yɛ awosu mu tebea a ɛka sɛnea abofra no yɛ nkwaadɔm a wɔfrɛ no cortisol, aldosterone, ne androgen (ɔbarima hormone bi).
• Cushing yare no:Wɔsan frɛ eyi `(Hypercortisolism)`. Nea ɛkɔ so wɔ ha ne sɛ abofra no nipadua no yɛ hormone `(Cortisol)` no pii dodo.

Nnompe ne calcium tebea horow

Nnompe pii di dwuma ma yɛn nnompe mu yɛ den na ɛma calcium dodow a ɛfata kɔ so tra hɔ.

• Hypercalcemia: Tebea a ɛma calcium dodow a ɛwɔ abofra mogya mu no dɔɔso sen sɛnea ɛte daa.
• Hypocalcemia: Tebea a ɛma calcium dodow a ɛwɔ abofra mogya mu no sua sen sɛnea ɛte daa.
• Rickets: Eyi yɛ yare a efi Vitamin D a enni nipadua mu na ɛde ba.Eyi betumi ama mmofra nnompe ayɛ mmerɛw na ayɛ kotow.

Asikreyare ne nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra

Mmofra hormone ho abenfo nso sa ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra ho, a ɛno ne ɔkwan a nipadua no fa so nya ahoɔden no. Asikreyare yɛ tebea a abu so yiye.

• Asikreyare a ɛto so 1: Eyi ne bere a abofra no ankasa nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa (autoimmune attack) sɛe nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ dwensɔtwaa mu a ɛyɛ insulin no. Ne saa nti, dwensɔtwaa no ntumi nyɛ insulin.
• Asikreyare a ɛto so abien: Wɔ tebea yi mu no, dwensɔtwaa no yɛ insulin, nanso nipadua no ntumi mfa nni dwuma yiye. Mpɛn pii no, eyi ne kɛseyɛ mmoroso wɔ abusuabɔ.
• Kɛse mmoroso: Tebea a emu yɛ den a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ a nipadua mu srade a ɛboro so boaboa ano na ɛsɛe akwahosan. Eyi nso betumi abata hormone ahorow a ɛnkari pɛ ho.

Ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna mu nkɔso mu ɔhaw ahorow

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, mmofra betumi ahu nneɛma a ɛnteɛ wɔ wɔn nna mu nkɔso mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no atypical genitalia . Eyi yɛ awosu mu tebea a ɛntaa nsi. Wɔ eyi mu no, ebia abofra no akyi awotwaa no nni ɔbarima anaa ɔbea hwɛbea a ɛtaa ba no, nanso ebetumi apue wɔ ntam baabi. Mmofra hormone ho ɔbenfo betumi ahu tebea horow a ɛtete saa na ɔde afotu ne ayaresa a ɛho hia ama.

Awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu nyarewa

Hormone ho haw ahorow bi betumi afi awosu mu nneɛma bi mu aba.

• Turner syndrome: Mmabaa nkutoo na saa tebea yi ka. Wɔn X chromosomes no biako anaa ne nyinaa nni hɔ. Eyi ka nneɛma te sɛ onyin ne awotwaa no dwumadi.
• Prader-Willi syndrome: Eyi nso yɛ awosu mu tebea. Ɛka abofra no nipadua mu nneɛma a ɛsakra, na ɛde nipadua ne suban mu nsakrae ba (e.g., ɔkɔm a ɛboro so, onyin ho haw).

Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa onyin ne mmerantebere ne mmabaabere ho

Hormone ahorow ho hia yiye ma abofra nyin ne ne nyin na ama watumi adu ne mpanyin afe so wɔ bere a ɛfata mu. Ɔhaw ahorow a ebetumi asɔre wɔ eyi mu no bi ne:

• Ne tenten tiaa: .Abofra no yɛ tiaa sen mmofra afoforo a wɔn mfe ne wɔn bɔbeasu yɛ pɛ no mu 95%. Nneɛma pii betumi ama eyi aba, na emu biako ne hormone a enni nipadua mu.
• Mmabun a ɛba ntɛm : Sɛ abeawa bi da ne mmabunbere ho sɛnkyerɛnne adi (sɛ nhwɛso no, mmeawa nufu nyin, mmarimaa mmadwoa a ɛtrɛw) ansa na wadi mfe 8, anaasɛ abarimaa bi ansa na wadi mfe 9 a, wobu no sɛ ɛyɛ mmerantebere ne mmabaabere a ɛba ntɛm.
• Mmabunbere a ɛkyɛ : Sɛ mmabunbere mfi ase nkɔ akyiri koraa sen sɛnea ɛte daa, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ abeawa bi nnya nkyerɛɛ mmerantebere ne mmabaabere mu sɛnkyerɛnne biara ansa na wadi mfe 13 anaasɛ abarimaa bi adi mfe 14 a, ebetumi ayɛ mmerantebere ne mmabaabere a ɛkyɛ.

Pituitary gland mu ɔhaw ahorow

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no, pituitary gland no ma nkwaadɔm a ɛho hia pii ba. Sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ saa ntini yi dwumadi mu a, sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow betumi asɔre.

• Asikreyare a ɛnyɛ dɛ: Eyi ne asikreyare nyɛ ade koro. Nea ɛkɔ so wɔ ha ne sɛ nipadua no hwere nsu pii na entumi nkora nsu so yiye. Sukɔm a ɛtra so nso yɛ eyi ho sɛnkyerɛnne.
• Hypopituitarism: Sɛ pituitary gland no ntumi nyɛ hormone biako anaa nea ɛboro saa yiye a, ebetumi aka onyin, thyroid dwumadi, adrenal dwumadi, mmabunbere, ne sukɔm a wɔde siw ano.

Thyroid tebea horow

Ɔhaw ahorow sɔre sɛ ebia hormone dodow a thyroid ntini no yɛ no sua anaasɛ ɛdɔɔso.

• Goiter: Ntini a ɛma mogya tu a ayɛ kɛse. Eyi betumi aba ɛmfa ho sɛ ebia hormone dodow no yɛ nea ɛfata, ɛba fam, anaasɛ ɛkɔ soro.
• Hypothyroidism: Thyroid gland no ntumi yi thyroid hormone a ɛdɔɔso nkɔ mogya no mu. Eyi betumi ama nipadua no ayɛ brɛoo, ama ne mu duru ayɛ kɛse, na ama akisikuru.
• Hyperthyroidism: Tebea a ɛma thyroid ntini no yɛ thyroid hormone pii dodo na ɛma ɛkɔ mogya no mu. Eyi betumi ama obi koma abɔ ntɛmntɛm, ne mu duru so atew, na ne ho fifiri akɔ soro.

Sɛ wokɔ mmofra hormone ho ɔbenfo nkyɛn nea edi kan a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ kwan?

Sɛ wo ne wo ba no hyia mmofra hormone ho ɔbenfo nea edi kan a, oduruyɛfo no bebisa wo pii afa wo ba no yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, abusua ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm, ne nnuru a wo ba nom mprempren ho . Ɔbɛyɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu nso . Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wobetumi akamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu na wɔnyɛ scan. Mma ɛnhaw wo, wɔyɛ eyi nyinaa sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubenya wo ba no tebea ho adwene pa.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wobɛka biribiara a wunim akyerɛ oduruyɛfo no , ɛmfa ho sɛnea ɛyɛ ketewaa no. Ɛbɛboa wɔn ma wɔahu yare no pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn abɛyɛ mmofra hormone ho ɔbenfo?

Eye nso sɛ wubehu eyi. Mmofra endocrinologist yɛ obi a odi kan wie general medical degree (mfe 4-5) na afei onya ntetee titiriw wɔ mmofra ayaresa mu (bɛyɛ mfe 3). Ɛno akyi no, ɛsɛ sɛ wonya mfe 3 foforo ntetee titiriw (fellowship) wɔ mmofra endocrinology mu, kyerɛ sɛ, mmofra hormone nyarewa. Ɛsɛ sɛ saa ntetee yi nso yɛ nea aduruyɛ ho adesua bagua a wogye tom (te sɛ Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education - ACGME) pene so. Nea ɛka ho no, adansedi a efi ahyehyɛde ahorow a wogye tom te sɛ Amerika Mmofra Ayaresa Bagua (ABP) hɔ nso si wɔn nimdeɛ so dua. Ɛyɛ ntetee a ɛware yi nti na wonya adwuma a ɛyɛ den yi ho nimdeɛ a emu dɔ.

Nanso wɔ yɛn man yi mu, kyerɛ sɛ, wɔ Sri Lanka no, ɔkwan a wobɛfa so abɛyɛ Consultant Pediatric Endocrinologist no yɛ soronko kakra. Wɔnam PGIM (Post Graduate Institute of Medicine) a ɛne Colombo Sukuupɔn wɔ abusuabɔ so na ɛyɛ.

Wɔ Sri Lanka no, akwantu yi kɔ so nnidiso nnidiso yi:

1. Basic Qualifications (MBBS & Internship): Nea edi kan no, ɛsɛ sɛ wunya MBBS abodin krataa fi aduruyɛ sukuu mu, wie adwumayɛ ho ntetee a ɛyɛ ahyɛde no, na wokyerɛw wo din wɔ SLMC.

2. Entrance Exam (Selection Exam): Afei ɛsɛ sɛ wotwa "MD (Paediatrics) Selection Exam" a PGIM yɛ no mu. Eyi yɛ akansi sɔhwɛ.

3. General Paediatrics Training - Registrar: Sɛ wo twa sɔhwɛ no mu wie a, wobɛnya bɛyɛ mfeɛ 3 nteteeɛ (Registrar period). Wɔ eyi mu no, wubesua mmofra ayaresa a wɔde di dwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛkɔ akyiri so ho ade kɛse.

4. MD Nhwehwɛmu: Wɔ mfeɛ 3 yi awieeɛ no, "MD (Paediatrics) Exam" wɔ hɔ. Eyi a wobɛtwam no ne ahwehwɛde titiriw a ɛbɛma woabɛyɛ "oduruyɛfo titiriw".

5. Sub-specialty Selection: Sɛ obi twa MD no akyi a, ɛsɛ sɛ osi ɔkwan a ɔbɛfa so no ho gyinae. Ɛhɔ no, ɛsɛ sɛ obi paw sub-specialty a wɔfrɛ no "Paediatric Endocrinology" (mmofra hormone). (Eyi yɛ nea egyina Merit ne adwuma a ɛda hɔ so).

6. Post-MD Training - Senior Registrar: Ɛha na ntetee titiriw a ɛfa hormone ho fi ase. Eyi taa gye bɛyɛ mfe 2-3.

   • Mpɔtam Hɔ Ntetee:Ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ adwuma bɛyɛ afe biako wɔ mmofra hormone dwumadibea wɔ ayaresabea kɛse bi a ɛwɔ Sri Lanka.

   • Amannɔne Ntetee: Ɛsɛ sɛ wunya ntetee afe biako anaa abien wɔ amannɔne (mpɛn pii no wɔ UK anaa Australia) wɔ beae a wogye tom.

7. Board Certification: Sɛ wɔwie yeinom nyinaa a, PGIM bɛma wo adansedie sɛ "Board Certified Consultant Pediatric Endocrinologist".

Enti, te sɛ adeyɛ a ɛkɔ akyiri a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no, wɔ Sri Lanka nso, eyi yɛ akwantu a ɛhwehwɛ ahofama kɛse ma mfe 6-7 foforo wɔ MBBS akyi.

Enti, dɛn ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi nea yɛaka ho asɛm no mu? (Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie)

• Sɛ wususuw sɛ wo ba no wɔ ɔhaw bi a ɛfa hormone, onyin, mmabunbere, anaa asikreyare ho a, di kan kɔ w’abusua oduruyɛfo anaa mmofra oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.
• Sɛ wosusuw sɛ ɛho hia a, wɔde wo bɛkɔ mmofra ntini ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.
• Saa animdefo yi yɛ nnuruyɛfo a wɔwɔ nimdeɛ ne ntetee titiriw wɔ hormone haw ahorow a ɛwɔ mmofra mu ho. Wobetumi ahu abofra tebea no pɛpɛɛpɛ na wɔde ayaresa ne nhyehyɛe a eye sen biara a wɔde bedi dwuma ama.
• Kae sɛ ɛsono mmofra hormone ho haw ahorow wɔ mpanyimfo de ho, enti ɛho hia sɛ wohwehwɛ animdefo mmoa.

Enti, sɛ wo ba no wɔ saa tebea horow yi bi a, mma wo ho nnpopo, na hwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu a ɛfata. Biribiara ano aduru wɔ hɔ! Hormone, Mmofra, Onyin, Mmabunbere, Asikreyare, Endocrine System, Mmofra Hormone Ho Ɔbenfo