EBUS (Endobronchial Ultrasound) sɔhwɛ: Sɛnea wɔde mfoninitwa afiri hwɛ ahurututu no mu!

Ebia oduruyɛfo bi aka wo nso ahurututu mu nhwehwɛmu ho asɛm. Ebia wohuu biribi ketewaa bi wɔ wo ``(X-ray)`` anaa ``(CT scan)`` so na wɔkae sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwehwɛ mu kɔ akyiri. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no EBUS a wɔyɛ de hu nea ɛrekɔ so wɔ ahurututu no mu pɛpɛɛpɛ. So yɛbɛka eyi ho asɛm pii?

Dɛn ne EBUS (endobronchial ultrasound)?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, EBUS (Endobronchial Ultrasound) yɛ adeyɛ a wɔde afiri ketewaa bi a ɛte sɛ mfoninitwa afiri hyɛ w’ahurututu mu na ama woahu nea ɛwɔ mu pefee. Eyi te sɛ ahurututu mu nhwehwɛmu. Nanso, wɔ eyi mu no, wɔde afiri a wɔde yɛ ultrasound nso bata ahurututu no awiei. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ oduruyɛfo no betumi ahu nea ɛwɔ w’ahurututu mu sɛ ultrasound mfonini. Fa no sɛ ultrasound scan a wɔde hwɛ akokoaa a ɔwɔ awotwaa mu, a ɛhwehwɛ akisikuru ne ntini a ɛwɔ ahurututu mu.

Saa kwan yi na wɔde hu nyarewa ahorow a ɛwɔ ahurututu mu, titiriw de hwehwɛ sɛ kokoram (`(Kokoram)`) wɔ hɔ ne baabi a atrɛw akodu (`(Staging)`). Adepa foforo ne sɛ, wɔ saa EBUS sɔhwɛ yi mu no, sɛ ɛho hia a, wobetumi afa ntini bi na wɔde akɔma wɔn akɔyɛ `(Biopsy)` nhwehwɛmu. Afei wubetumi ayɛ nneɛma abien prɛko pɛ.

Enti nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda `(Bronchoscopy)` ne EBUS ntam?

Asɛmmisa pa! `(Bronchoscopy)` ne din a wɔde frɛ adwinnade no (`(Bronchoscope)`) ne ɔkwan a wɔtaa fa so hwɛ ahurututu no mu. Eyi ma nnuruyɛfo tumi de mfoninitwa afiri hu nea ɛwɔ ahurututu no mu, anaasɛ wɔfa ntini nhwɛsode (`(Biopsy sample)`) anaa nsu nhwɛsode.

EBUS nso yɛ `(Bronchoscopy)`. Nanso ade titiriw ne sɛ wɔ saa `(Bronchoscope)` yi mu no, wɔde `(Ultrasound)` tumi aka ho . Enti, nneɛma te sɛ lymph nodes a ɛboro ahurututu afasu akyi na wontumi mfa `(Bronchoscope)` a ɛfata nhu mpo no, wobetumi de EBUS yi ahu pefee. Afei nso, ɛyɛ mmoa kɛse sɛ wobɛfa `(Biopsy)` denam saa `(Ultrasound)` mfonini ahorow no a wobɛhwɛ na wode ade akɔ beae pɔtee no so.

So EBUS sɔhwɛ ahorow bi wɔ hɔ?

Yiw, EBUS sɔhwɛ ahorow atitiriw pii wɔ hɔ. Oduruyɛfo gyina nea ehia saa bere no so paw ɔkwan a ɔbɛfa so ayɛ no.

Radial Nhwehwɛmu EBUS `(Radial Nhwehwɛmu EBUS - RP-EBUS)`

Saa `(RP-EBUS)` yi betumi ama woahu wo mframa kwan no mu pefee yiye, digrii 360 . Ebetumi akɔ ahurututu no mu kɔ akyiri na ama wɔahu nneɛma a ɛkɔ akyiri yiye sen ahorow afoforo. Nanso, sɛ ɛhia sɛ wofa `(Biopsy)` a, ɛsɛ sɛ wode nnwinnadeɛ soronko di dwuma ma ɛno.

Convex Probe EBUS `(Nhwehwɛmu a ɛyɛ kɔntɔnkrɔn EBUS - CP-EBUS)`

Saa `(CP-EBUS)` yi betumi adi dwuma wɔ wo mframa kwan titiriw (kyerɛ sɛ, ahurututu ne ahurututu mu) nkutoo so. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ entumi nkɔ ahurututu no mu tɔnn. Nanso eyi deɛ, wanyaMfaso kɛse a ɛwɔ so ne sɛ wobetumi ayɛ `(Biopsy)` bere a wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no sɛ ɛho hia a. Nanso, adwene a wonya firi yei mu no sua kakra na enni mu pii sene `(RP-EBUS)`.

EBUS-Transbronchial Ntini a Wɔde Hwe (EBUS-TBNA) .

Eyi nyɛ ɔkwan a ɛda nsow. Sɛ wɔreyɛ `(CP-EBUS)` sɔhwɛ a, wɔfrɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so fa ntini (`(Ntini)`) anaa nsuo (`(Nsuo)`) nhwɛsoɔ ma `(Biopsy`)` `(EBUS-TBNA)`. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, wɔde ade ketewaa bi (`(Needle)`) fa mframa kwan no fasu mu , de `(Ultrasound)` di dwuma, na wɔfa nhwɛsode bi fi beae a wɔpɛ.

Bere bɛn na wubehia EBUS sɔhwɛ?

Mpɛn pii no, oduruyɛfo bi bɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ EBUS nhwehwɛmu sɛ wohu biribi a ɛyɛ soronko wɔ wo moma so X-ray anaa CT scan so de hwehwɛ mu kɔ akyiri a. Sɛ nhwɛso no, CT scan betumi ahu akuru ketewaa bi wɔ w’ahurututu mu, anaasɛ ntini a ɛho ahonhon. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, EBUS sɔhwɛ betumi aboa ma wɔahu nea ɛyɛ ankasa.

Wɔde EBUS sɔhwɛ no di dwuma de hu tebea horow te sɛ:

• Ahurututu mu yare ne akisikuru
• Ahurututu mu kokoram anaa kokoram a ɛwɔ ahurututu no ntam (mediastinum) .
• Ahurututu mu tebea horow a ɛyɛ hyew te sɛ sarcoidosis ne silicosis
• Mframa kwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (mframa kwan a ɛyɛ teateaa) .
• Nkuru nketenkete a ɛwɔ ahurututu mu (Pulmonary nodules) .

Bio nso, wɔde EBUS sɔhwɛ no nso di dwuma de kyerɛ kokoram tebea horow bi fã (`Cancer staging`), kyerɛ sɛ, baabi a kokoram no atrɛw akodu.

Ɔkwan bɛn so ankasa na EBUS sɔhwɛ no yɛ adwuma?

Oduruyɛfo bi a ne ho akokwaw wɔ ahurututu mu nyarewa ho (`(Pulmonologist)`) na ɔyɛ saa EBUS sɔhwɛ yi. Ɔde afiri a ɛyɛ tratraa a kanea wom (`(Bronchoscope)`) fa wo mframa kwan (`(Airways)`) mu, fa wo hwene anaa w’ano. Wɔde `(Ultrasound)` afiri a wɔde abata saa `(Bronchoscope)` yi ano na ɛyɛ adwuma no.

Fa no sɛ, saa `(Ultrasound)` yi de nnyigyei asorɔkye di dwuma de mfonini a emu da hɔ a ɛkyerɛ nea ɛwɔ w'ahurututu mu kɔma monitor. Oduruyɛfo no betumi ahwɛ saa mfonini ahorow no, de `(Bronchoscope)` no akyerɛ baabi a ɔpɛ sɛ ɔhwɛ no pɛpɛɛpɛ, na wahwehwɛ saa beae no mu kɔ akyiri kɛse. Ɛyɛ adwuma te sɛ `(Sonar)` nhyehyɛe bi de hwehwɛ nneɛma wɔ po ase.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ misiesie me ho ma EBUS sɔhwɛ?

Wo duruyɛfoɔ anaa ayaresabea adwumayɛfoɔ bɛma wo akwankyerɛ wɔ sɛdeɛ wobɛsiesie wo ho ama wo EBUS nhwehwɛmu no. Sɛ biribi wɔ akwankyerɛ no mu a emu nna hɔ a, hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛsan abisa bio. Mpɛn pii no, ebehia sɛ woyɛ nea edidi so yi:

• Ebia wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ mogya mu adwuma bi ansa na wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu no.
• Wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ nnnidi anaa nnom biribiara nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi ansa na wɔayɛ sɔhwɛ (`(Mmuadadi)`) . Mpɛn pii no, ɛsɛ sɛ wudi mmuada bɛyɛ nnɔnhwerew 6 kosi 8.
• Ebia wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ gyae nnuru bi (te sɛ nea ɛma mogya tu) nom nna kakraa bi ansa na wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu no. Ɛsɛ sɛ woka nnuru a worenom nyinaa nso kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo , a nnuru biara a wode ka ho a worenom ka ho.
• Hwehwɛ obi a ɔbɛka wo akɔ fie wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi. Wɔbɛma wo aduru a ɛma wo ho dwo wo, enti worentumi nka kar wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi. Ɛho hia sɛ obi ka wo ho.

Dɛn na ɛba bere a wɔreyɛ EBUS sɔhwɛ no? So mɛte ɛyaw nka?

Ansa na wɔbɛyɛ sɔhwɛ no, wɔbɛma woada mpa anaa pon so. Enneɛ:

Ansa na wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no

• Sɛ ɛho hia a, ayarehwɛfo no bɛboa wo ma woagyina hɔ.
• Wɔde afiri ketewa bi (`(Intravenous - IV)`) hyɛ ntini bi mu wɔ wo basa mu na wɔde nkyene aduru ma. Saa `(IV)` yi ne baabi a ɔyarehwɛfoɔ a ɔyɛ aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ anaa ɔduruyɛfoɔ a ɔde aduru a ɛma obi dwensɔ bɛma wo nnuru a ɛhia. Saa aduru yi remma wote nka sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo dɛ anaa ɛyaw biara kosi sɛ sɔhwɛ no bɛba awiei. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔbɛma wo nnuru a ɛma obi dwo a ɛkɔ fam (`(Aduru a ɛma obi dwo a ɛkɔ fam)`), anaasɛ aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no nyinaa (`(Aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no nyinaa)`) . Wo duruyɛfo no bedi kan aka eyi ho asɛm akyerɛ wo.
• Wɔde aduru a wɔde petepete w’ano (anaa wo hwene) ne wo menewam a ɛma wo ho yɛ wo yaw. Eyi bɛma beae no ayɛ mmerɛw, enti worente nka sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo dɛ bere a wɔde ahurututu mu nhwehwɛmu no ahyɛ mu no.

Bere a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no

Bere a wama wo werɛ afi na wo menewa ayɛ mmerɛw akyi no, ahurututu ho oduruyɛfo no:

• Oduruyɛfo no de afiri a wɔde hwɛ ahurututu mu bɛhyɛ wo hwene anaa w’ano.
• Ɛde no fa mframa kwan no so na ɛkyerɛ no kwan kɔ baabi a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ no.
• Sɛ ɛho hia a, wɔbɛfa biopsy nhwɛsode biako anaa nea ɛboro saa.
• Afei wɔde nkakrankakra yi ahurututu mu nhwehwɛmu no fi hɔ.

Worente ɛyaw biara nka bere a wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no efisɛ wɔbɛma wo nnuru a wɔde kum nipadua no. Nanso, ebia wo menewa mu yɛ wo yaw, wobɛfefe, anaasɛ wo ho ayɛ wo yaw bɛyɛ da koro wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi. Sɛ ɛnte saa a, sɛ wote ɛyaw a emu yɛ den a, ɛsɛ sɛ woka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara.

Bere tenten ahe na EBUS sɔhwɛ no gye?

Mpɛn pii no, EBUS sɔhwɛ gye simma 30 kosi 90 (bɛyɛ dɔnhwerew biako ne fã) . Nanso, saa bere yi betumi ayɛ soronko a egyina wo tebea so. Enti bisa wo duruyɛfo bere tenten a ebegye. Sɛ wowie sɔhwɛ no a, ɛho bɛda so ara hia sɛ wotra ayaresabea hɔ bɛyɛ dɔnhwerew biako anaa abien ansa na woatumi akɔ fie.

Dɛn na wubetumi ahwɛ kwan wɔ EBUS sɔhwɛ akyi?

Mpɛn pii no wubetumi akɔ fie wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi. Aduruyɛ adwumayɛfo no bɛhwɛ wo kosi sɛ wobɛda koraa, wobɛhome yiye, na woatumi amene. Wɔbɛsan nso akyerɛ wo bere a wubenya wo nhwehwɛmu no aba ne bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wosan kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn bio.

Nea edidi so yi betumi asi bɛyɛ da koro wɔ sɔhwɛ no akyi:

• Menewa a ɛyɛ yaw
• Ɛnne a ɛyɛ dede
• Ɔfe a ɛyɛ ɔfe

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛfefe mogya kakra , na ebefi hɔ wɔ nnɔnhwerew anaa nna kakraa bi mu. Nanso, sɛ ennyae nna kakraa bi akyi, anaasɛ mogya pii wɔ mu a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wobɔ wo duruyɛfo amanneɛ .

So asiane bi wɔ EBUS sɔhwɛ no mu?

EBUS yɛ adeyɛ a asiane nnim koraa , nanso ɛntaa mma koraa, nsɛnnennen bi betumi aba. Eyinom bi ne:

• Mogya a ɛretu (`(Mogya a ɛretu)`) .
• Nyarewa (`(Ɔyare mmoawa)`) .
• Ahurututu a abubu (anaasɛ Pneumothorax) - Eyi ne bere a mframa a efi ahurututu mu tumi tu kɔ koko no mu.
• Ɔhome mu adwenemhaw - Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɔhome mu haw, te sɛ nea ontumi nyi mframa bɔne mfi nipadua no mu yiye.

Mfaso bɛn na ɛwɔ EBUS sɔhwɛ no so?

Sɛ wɔde EBUS toto akwan afoforo a wɔfa so twa mfonini ne akwan a wɔfa so yi nipadua mu nkwaadɔm ho a, ɛwɔ mfaso pii.

• Oduruyɛfo no betumi de ``Bronchoscope'' no adi dwuma na wakyerɛ ``Ultrasound'' no kwan akɔ beae pɔtee a ɛho hia na ama wanya mfonini ahorow a ɔpɛ no pefee.
• Wobetumi ayɛ biopsy a wɔbɛtwe ne mfoninitwa nyinaa wɔ sɔhwɛ koro mu. Ɛho nhia sɛ wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ abien a ɛsono emu biara. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wobetumi ahu kokoram na wɔahu ne gyinabea bere koro no ara mu.
• Eyi yɛ ayaresa a wɔde ma wɔ ayaresabea . Wei kyerɛ sɛ wɔremfa wo nkɔto ayaresabea na wobɛtumi akɔ fie da no ara.
• Eyi yɛ adeyɛ a ɛnyɛ den pii . Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ enni asiane ahorow a ɛte sɛ oprehyɛn a wɔbue ano no. Enti wubetumi ho atɔ wo ntɛm.

Dɛn ne nea efi EBUS sɔhwɛ no mu ba? Dɛn na wɔkyerɛ?

Sɛ wo EBUS nhwehwɛmu no hwehwɛ sɛ wobɛfa ntini bi anaa nsu bi a, wo duruyɛfo de bɛkɔ lab akɔhwɛ sɛ ɔyare mmoawa, kokoram, anaa tebea afoforo bi wɔ hɔ anaa, a egyina wo tebea so. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ nea ebefi mu aba no mu akyerɛ wo na wakyerɛ wo nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ akyi. Ebia ebehia sɛ wotwɛn nna kakraa bi ansa na nea efi mu ba no asan aba.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi anaa nneɛma bɔne bi a wonhwɛ kwan a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa . Ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara sɛ wowɔ ɔyare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi a. Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtete saa no bi ne:

• Atiridiinini (`(Atiridiinini)`) .
• Koko mu yaw (`(Koma mu yaw)`) .
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛmene
• Mogya a wɔfefe bere nyinaa
• Sɛ obi ntumi ntow/ntow - Ɛwom sɛ eyi ne EBUS nni abusuabɔ tẽẽ de, nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi asi wɔ aduru a wɔde kum nipadua no akyi, enti sɛ ɛba a, ɛho hia sɛ wɔka ho asɛm.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae

EBUS (Endobronchial Ultrasound) yɛ ayaresa a ɛnyɛ den pii, a wɔde kɔ ayaresabea a ebetumi ama wɔahu nsakrae a ɛba ahurututu no mu pefee na ɛkɔ akyiri. Ebetumi nso agye ntini ne nsu nhwɛsode, na asiane kakraa bi na ɛwom sen akwan afoforo.

Kae sɛ, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wubebisa wo duruyɛfo no nsɛm biara a wowɔ wɔ sɛnea wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu no, nea nnuruyɛfo no rehwehwɛ, ne bere a wobenya nea ebefi mu aba no ho. Sɛ wudi kan hu nea wobɛhwɛ kwan a, ɛbɛboa ma wo dadwen so atew. Kɔ so nya apɔwmuden!

` EBUS, Endobronchial Ultrasound, Ahurututu mu nhwehwɛmu, Ahurututu mu nhwehwɛmu, Ultrasound, Biopsy, Ahurututu mu kokoram, Ɔhome mu nyarewa