So wo ba kumaa no mmɔ nsɛmfua din yiye? Momma yɛnka Articulation Disorder ho asɛm!

So wo ba kumaa no mmɔ nkyerɛwde ne nsɛmfua bi pefee bere a ɔrekasa no? Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛte nea ɔka no ase? Ɛwom sɛ nneɛma a ɛtete saa yɛ ade a ɛfata wɔ mmofraase de, nanso sɛ tebea yi kɔ so wɔ mfe pɔtee bi akyi mpo a, ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ho nhwehwɛmu bi. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka tebea a ɛte saa ho asɛm, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛbɔ nnyigyei yiye bere a yɛrekasa, anaasɛ wɔ aduruyɛ mu, (Articulation Disorder) .

Dɛn ne Articulation Disorder?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ mmofra nkumaa di mfe 4 anaa 5 a, wɔtaa sua sɛnea wɔbɔ nnyigyei nyinaa pefee. Susuw ho saa kwan yi so: wɔbɔ nsɛmfua te sɛ ‘mama’, ‘dada’, ne ‘ball’ fɛfɛɛfɛ paa. Nanso mmofra binom, ɛno akyi mpo, kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ wɔrebɛn sukuu a, ɛyɛ den ma wɔn sɛ wɔbɛbɔ nsɛmfua din pefee. Sɛ ɛba saa a, yɛfrɛ no ‘ɔkasa nnyigyei mu ɔhaw’. Saa ‘ɔkasa nnyigyei mu ɔhaw’ yi biako ne nea yɛfrɛ no ‘articulation disorder’. Eyi ne bere a ɛyɛ den ma abofra no sɛ ɔbɛma ɔkasa mu nnyigyei ahorow bi aba .

Afei, hwɛ, `(Articulation)` ne ɔkwan a yɛfa so yɛ nnyigyei, nnyigyei nkyerɛwde, ne nsɛmfua. Te sɛ kar engine no, ɛsɛ sɛ yɛn ano, tɛkrɛma, ano, yɛn sẽ, ne yɛn anom nyinaa bom yɛ adwuma na ama yɛakasa. Ebia abofra a ɔwɔ `(Articulation Disorder)` rentumi nka nnyigyei bi yiye, anaasɛ ebia wɔbɛbɔ saa nnyigyei no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so. Susuw ho hwɛ, mmofra binom ka nkyerɛwde ‘s’ te sɛ ‘th’ (‘mpaboa’ mmom sen ‘thapattu’), anaasɛ wɔka ‘ya’ mmom sen ‘ra’ (‘karek’ sen ‘kayake’). Esiane eyi nti, ebetumi ayɛ den ama afoforo sɛ wɔbɛte nea abofra no reka no ase. Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, na eyi betumi aka abofra no asetra mu abusuabɔ, adesua, ne titiriw no sukuu adwuma nso.

Ɛtɔ da bi a wɔfrɛ saa tebea yi ``Functional Speech Disorder'' anaa ``Articulation Delay.'' Ɛne sɛ, ɔhaw anaasɛ ɛkyɛ wɔ kasa dwumadi mu.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda eyi (Articulation Disorder) ne (Phonological Disorder) ntam?

Ɛwom sɛ ɛte sɛ nea `(Articulation Disorder)` ne `(Phonological Disorder)` di nsɛ yiye de, nanso saa abien yi yɛ soronko ankasa. Enti, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛma abien no afrafra. Nanso ɛho hia paa sɛ yɛte nsonsonoe a ɛda saa abien yi ntam no ase. Efisɛ, ɛsono akwan a wɔfa so sa abien no nyinaa.

Mprempren, ɔhaw a ɛwɔ mmofra a wɔwɔ Articulation Disorder ho ne nipadua no dwumadi ahorow a ɛho hia na ama wɔanya ɔkasa mu nnyigyei ahorow bi.Nea ɛyɛ den no. Ɛne sɛ, wontumi mfa wɔn anofafa, wɔn tɛkrɛma, wɔn sẽ, wɔn anom, ne mframa a efi wɔn ahurututu mu ba mpo nhyia yiye na ama nnyigyei ahorow bi aba. Ebia wɔbɛkyinkyim nnyigyei anaa wɔde nnyigyei afoforo asi nnyigyei a wontumi nka ananmu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ Borɔfo asɛmfua ‘susuw’ mu no, wontumi mma nnyigyei ‘th’ (te sɛ ‘’ wɔ Sinhala kasa mu) na wɔde ‘f’ nnyigyei di dwuma bere nyinaa (te sɛ ‘’ wɔ Sinhala kasa mu). Afei ‘susuw’ te sɛ ‘fink’.

Nanso, wɔ `(Phonological Disorder)` mu no, biribi foforo si. Ɛha yi, ebia abofra no betumi ayɛ ankorankoro nnyigyei ahorow yiye. Ɛne sɛ, sɛ woka kyerɛ no sɛ ɔnka nkyerɛwde ‘the’ no nkutoo a, ɔbɛka no yiye. Nanso, wɔ `(Phonological Disorder)` mu no, ontumi mfa saa nnyigyei no nkabom yiye na ɔka no wɔ nsɛmfua mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ɛwom sɛ wo ba no nkutoo betumi aka nnyigyei ‘the’ de, nanso sɛ ɔbɔ mmɔden sɛ ɔbɛka asɛmfua ‘ɔpon’ a, obetumi aka no te sɛ ‘gora’. Anaasɛ, ebia ɔrenka krataa bi wɔ asɛmfua bi awiei.

Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ wo ba no betumi anya saa ɔhaw abien yi nyinaa bere koro mu. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ wɔma oduruyɛfo titiriw bi hu tebea no pɔtee no.

Hena na ɛda adi sɛ obenya eyi (Articulation Disorder)?

Saa tebea yi a wɔfrɛ no ``Articulation Disorder,'' no, wɔtaa hu wɔ mmofraase . Sɛ wɔansa no yiye a, ebetumi atra hɔ akosi mpanyin afe so. Nanso, sɛ ɔpanyin bi nya kasa mu nnyigyei mu haw foforo a, ɛsɛ sɛ nea ɛde ba no yɛ biribi foforo (sɛ nhwɛso no, amemene mu opira a ɛyɛ hu anaa akisikuru).

Ɛwom sɛ wonnim nea ɛde ba ankasa de, nanso saa `(Articulation Disorder)` yi abu so wɔ mmarimaa mu sen mmeawa. Afei nso, sɛ ɛna no nyaa ɔhaw bi wɔ nyinsɛn anaa awo mu a, ɛda adi sɛ abofra no benya kasa mu nnyigyei mu haw. Sɛ obi a ɔwɔ abusua no mu anya saa tebea yi pɛn, kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ abusua abakɔsɛm bi wɔ hɔ a, ɛda adi sɛ abofra no nso benya saa tebea yi.

Ɔkasa mu Nnyigyei mu Nsɛnnennen abu so dɛn?

Ɔkasa mu nnyigyei mu haw ahorow abu so koraa ankasa . Akontaabu kyerɛ sɛ saa tebea yi ka mmofra 8% kosi 9% . Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ mmofra 100 biara mu 8 anaa 9 betumi anya saa ɔhaw yi.

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛde Articulation Disorder ba?

Nokwarem no, wonnya nhuu nea ɛde `(Articulation Disorder)` ba ankasa . Eyi ne asɛmmisa a awofo pii wɔ. "Adɛn nti na eyi too yɛn ba no nkutoo?" wɔn ho dwiriw wɔn. Nanso eyi nkyerɛ sɛ biribi asɛe wɔ wo ba no amemene, ne ntini, n’ano, ne tɛkrɛma, ne sẽ, ne hwene, n’ahurututu, anaa n’aso (aso tumi) ho. Ɛne sɛ, ebia abofra no wɔ apɔwmuden wɔ nneɛma afoforo nyinaa mu .

Nanso, kasa mu ɔhaw ahorow afoforo wɔ hɔ. Wobetumi anya nneɛma a ɛde ba. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ abɔde mu, nkɔso, anaa nea wonya. Tebea afoforo na ɛde eyinom ba. Susuw n’anom nhyehyɛe a ɛnteɛ (te sɛ anom a apaapae) anaasɛ aso a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ho hwɛ. Nanso, biribiara nni hɔ a ɛda adi pefee sɛ ɛde Articulation Disorder ba.

Dɛn ne Articulation Disorder ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow? Woyɛ dɛn hu no?

Abofra a ɔwɔ `(Articulation Disorder)` betumi ayɛ den kakra sɛ ɔbɛte nea wɔreka no ase. Wɔda mfomso ahorow anan no mu biako anaa nea ɛboro saa adi titiriw. Ma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ:

• Addition: Adding sounds or syllables that do not belong to words. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔbɔ Borɔfo asɛmfua ‘play’ te sɛ ‘puh-lay’. Wɔ Sinhala kasa mu no, wɔbɔ ‘bole’ te sɛ ‘bo-hole’ a nnyigyei foforo ka ho.
• Distortion: Ɔkwan a wɔfa so ka nnyigyei bi a wɔsakra. Ɛtɔ da bi a eyi betumi ayɛ te sɛ ‘lisp’ (e.g. ‘sa’ nnyigyei te sɛ ‘tha’, ‘sini’ nnyigyei te sɛ ‘theeni’).
• Wɔayi afi mu: Nnyigyei ahorow bi fi kasa mu koraa. S nhw so no, s woreka 'school' a, woyi 'sc' nnyigyei no na wɔbɔ no te s 'ool'. Wɔ Sinhala kasa mu no, wɔbɔ ‘sukuu’ te sɛ ‘kole’.
• Nnyigyei a wɔde si ananmu: Bere nyinaa wode nnyigyei biako si foforo ananmu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wɔde nnyigyei 's' di dwuma sen nnyigyei 'th', anaasɛ wɔde nnyigyei 'wa' di dwuma sen 'ra' ('rata' te sɛ 'vata').

Sɛ wo ba no rehyia nkate mu ahokyere esiane ``Articulation Disorder'' yi nti a, obetumi nso ada suban ahorow bi adi. Susuw eyinom ho hwɛ:

• Wɔmpɛ sɛ wɔbɛkenkan nhoma denden anaa wɔbɛkasa akyerɛ afoforo.
• Komm a wobɛtra, anaasɛ wobɛyɛ w’ade a ɔfɛre ade dodo .
• Sɛ worekasa a, w’abam bu , ebia wo bo fuw mpo.
• Wɔagyae nsɛmfua bi koraa .
• Ɔhaw ahorow sɔre wɔ ahotoso a obi wɔ wɔ ne ho ne obu a ɔwɔ ma ne ho mu .

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu no yiye sɛ wowɔ Articulation Disorder? (Nyare a Wɔahu) .

Sɛ wususuw sɛ wo ba no wɔ kasa mu haw a, w’abusua oduruyɛfo anaa mmofra oduruyɛfo bedi kan ayɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu . Wɔbɛyɛ aso ho sɔhwɛ nso . Wɔde sɔhwɛ ahorow yi di dwuma de yi tebea afoforo fi hɔ, titiriw aso a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Efisɛ sɛ wuntumi nte asɛm yiye a, wuntumi nka nsɛm yiye.

Sɛ wohu sɛ kasa mu haw no mfi aduruyɛ mu a, wo duruyɛfo de wo bɛkɔ Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) nkyɛn.SLP yɛ obi a ne ho akokwaw wɔ kasa, kasa, ne nkitahodi mu haw ahorow mu. Sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, wɔte sɛ oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ kasa mu.

Sɛ wo ne SLP bi hyia a, wɔbɛsɔ wo ba no ahwɛ wɔ akwan ahodoɔ so:

• Wɔka kyerɛ abofra no sɛ ɔnka nnyigyei bi ne nsɛmfua pɔtee bi.
• Bere a ɔne abofra no redi agoru, ɔne no rekasa, na ɔresusuw ne kasa ho bere a wɔrebɔ nkɔmmɔ sɛnea ɛsɛ no.
• Wɔyɛ Standardized Diagnostic Testing a wɔyɛ no. Eyinom yɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔayɛ no titiriw.
• Wosusuw abofra no aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm te sɛ awo a ɛba ntɛm ne aso mu yare a wadi kan anya no ho.
• Ɔka ho asɛm sɛ ebia abusua no mu obiara anya kasa mu haw anaa.
• Wɔhwɛ sɛnea ano no yɛ te sɛ sẽ ne anom no mu hwɛ sɛ ebia ɔhaw biara a ebetumi aka tebea yi wɔ hɔ anaa.
• Wosusuw abofra no kasa ne ne kasa ho.
• Hwɛ sɛnea abofra no ano, ne tɛkrɛma, ne n’ano keka bere a ɔrekasa no.

Sɛ wɔde saa nneɛma a wɔahu ne sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔde hu yare yi di dwuma a, SLP betumi ahu sɛ ebia obi wɔ Articulation Disorder, Phonological Disorder, anaa kasa mu haw foforo.

Wobetumi nso akyekyɛ sɛnea saa `(Articulation Disorder)` yi mu yɛ den no mu , afi ``mmerɛw`` kosi ``a emu yɛ den``. Akwan pii wɔ hɔ a wɔfa so susuw sɛnea emu yɛ den yi:

• Abofra no kasa dodow ahe na SLP no betumi ate ase?
• Nnɔmba nsenia, sɛ nhwɛso no, efi 1 kosi 10.
• Nnyigyei a wɔbɔ no yiye ɔha biara mu nkyem 100.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wosa Articulation Disorder?

Sɛ wobɛsa Articulation Disorder a, ebia wo ba no SLP bɛkamfo kasa mu ayaresa akyerɛ . Eyi ne ayaresa a abu so na etu mpɔn sen biara. Wo ba no ne SLP bɛyɛ adwuma wɔ wɔn kasa ho wɔ nhyiam a wɔyɛ no daa (pɛnkoro anaa mprenu dapɛn biara). Wɔbɛma wɔn apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ne dwumadi ahorow nso a wɔbɛyɛ wɔ fie. Wo mmoa sɛ ɔwofo no ho hia yiye wɔ ha.

Wɔ Ɔkasa Ayaresa mu no, abofra no SLP boa abofra no denam dwumadi ahorow ne apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ahorow a ɔde di dwuma so. Wɔyɛ eyinom wɔ agoru kwan so, wɔ ɔkwan a abofra no ani gye ho so:

• Kyerɛ nnyigyei ahorow a ontumi nka.
• Teɛ ɔkwan a wofa so yɛ saa nnyigyei no (ɔkwan a wode w’ano, wo tɛkrɛma, ne w’anofafa si hɔ).
• San sua akwan a wɔfa so di ɔkasa no afã horow a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma no so (sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛnea wobɛkanyan tɛkrɛma no yiye, sɛnea wɔde anofafa no di dwuma yiye).
• Hyɛ ntini a ɛka ho wɔ kasa mu no den.
• Sua nnyigyei a wobɛbɔ ne nsɛmfua a wobɛka wɔ fie.

So wobetumi asiw Articulation Disorder ano?

Nokwarem no, akwan pɔtee biara nni hɔ a wɔbɛfa so asiw Articulation Disorder ano. Efisɛ sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, wonhuu nea ɛde eyi ba pɔtee biara. Mmom,Ayaresa a wɔde ma ntɛm no betumi asiw kasa mu haw bi ano na ansɛe anaasɛ ɛbɛka adesua ne fekubɔ. Enti, sɛ wuhu nsakrae anaa kasafĩ bi wɔ wo ba kasa mu a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛma wɔahwɛ mu.

Dɛn na daakye bɛyɛ ama abofra a ɔwɔ Articulation Disorder?

Eyi yɛ suro kɛse a awofo pii wɔ no mu biako. Wosusuw nneɛma te sɛ, "So yɛn ba no rentumi nkasa yiye da?" "So wobegyaw wɔn wɔ sukuu mu?"

Nanso nokwasɛm ne sɛ, sɛ wohu yare no ntɛm na wofi ase sa yare no yiye (Speech Therapy) a, wobetumi asiw kasa mu haw ahorow ano na ansɛe na nkɛntɛnso a ɛwɔ adesua ne asetra mu abusuabɔ so no so atew.

Abofra a ɔwɔ Articulation Disorder betumi asua sɛnea ɔne afoforo bedi nkitaho pefee . Mmofra pii fi ase kasa yiye koraa wɔ ayaresa mu. Nanso, wɔ nsɛm a emu yɛ den kɛse mu no, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔde kasa mu ayaresa a ɛkyɛ. Egye bere kakra, nanso ɛyɛ adwuma.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wowɔ wo ba no kasa anaa nkitahodi ho nimdeɛ ho dadwen bi a , mfa nsie wo ho. Wo ne w’abusua oduruyɛfo anaa mmofra oduruyɛfo nkasa. Hwɛ yiye titiriw sɛ wo ba no yɛ nea edidi so yi mu biara a:

• Sɛ worekyerɛ suban mu haw biara a ɛfa ɔkasa ho (e.g., wosuro sɛ wobɛkasa, wo ne afoforo nkasa).
• Mfe 4 anaa 5 akyi mpo no, wɔmmɔ nnyigyei bi yiye, na nsɛmfua nso mu nna hɔ.
• Sɛ wugyae nnyigyei anaa nsɛmfua bi a na woka no yiye ka a .

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛyɛ den ma abofra a ɔwɔ Articulation Disorder sɛ ɔbɛma ɔkasa mu nnyigyei ahorow bi aba. Sɛ wo ba adi mfe 4 anaa 5 na ɔda so ara ntumi mmɔ nnyigyei ahorow bi yiye, anaasɛ wo anaa afoforo rehyia ɔhaw wɔ nea ɔreka no ase a, hwɛ hu sɛ wo ne wo mmofra oduruyɛfo anaa abusua oduruyɛfo bɛkasa. Wobetumi ahu sɛ ebia aduruyɛ mu haw bi wɔ hɔ anaasɛ ɛho hia sɛ wɔde wɔn kɔ ɔkasa ne kasa ho ɔyaresafo (SLP) nkyɛn kɔyɛ kasa ho ayaresa.

Nneɛma a ɛho hia paa a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae fi saa asɛm yi mu (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, enti nneɛma atitiriw a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae fi nea yɛaka ho asɛm no mu bi ni:

• Articulation Disorder yɛ tebea a mmofra nkumaa ntumi mmɔ ɔkasa mu nnyigyei ahorow bi din yiye. Ɛnyɛ yare, na mmom ɛyɛ biribi a wobetumi de ntetee ne ayaresa asiesie .
• Sɛ wo ba no da so ara nkasa pefee bere a wadi mfe 4-5 a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu . Dodow a wohu yare no ntɛm no, dodow no ara na ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔbɛsa no yiye.
• Articulation Disorder ne Phonological Disorder yɛ nneɛma abien a ɛsono emu biara. Enti dɛn ankasa ne ɔhaw no?Ɛho hia sɛ Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) hwehwɛ wo yare no.
• Sɛ wofi ayaresa ase ntɛm, i.e., kasa mu ayaresa a, ebetumi akɔ akyiri wɔ boa a wobɛboa wo ba no ma wasua sɛnea ɔbɛkasa pefee no mu. Ebetumi nso atew nkɛntɛnso a enya wɔ wɔn sukuu dwumadi, wɔne nnamfo a wodi agoru, ne wɔn ho mu ahotoso so.
• Ɛwom sɛ wonhuu nea ɛde tebea yi ba ankasa de, nanso ayaresa ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a etu mpɔn yiye . Enti mma ɛnhaw wo. Wobetumi aboa wo ba.

Nea ɛho hia paa ne sɛ ɛnyɛ wo nko ara. Nnuruyɛfo ne kasa ne kasa mu nyarewa ho animdefo (SLP) wɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛboa wo ne wo ba no. Enti wo ne wɔn nka nsɛmmisa, ehu, anaa nneɛma a ɛhaw wo biara ho asɛm. Wo ba no serew fɛfɛ ne ne kasa a emu da hɔ ho hia yɛn saa ara!

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` Ɔkasa mu haw, Articulation Disorder, Mmofra Kasa, Nsɛm a Wɔbɔ, Ɔkasa mu Ayaresa, SLP, Mmofra Akwahosan