So wowɔ "nantwi aniwa" nsusuwii bi wɔ w'ani mu? Momma yensua saa (Bull's Eye Maculopathy) yi ho ade!

Wo ho te sɛn? Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka aniwa tebea bi a wonnim pii, nanso ɛho hia yiye ho asɛm. Ɛtɔ da bi a, yɛn ani tumi sesa ɔkwan a yɛfa so hu ade a yenhu. So woate nsusuwso bi a ɛte sɛ nea wɔde asi wɔn ani so wɔ botae kyerɛwpon so ho asɛm pɛn? Ɛno ne nea ɛkɔ so wɔ saa tebea yi a wɔfrɛ no ``Bull's Eye Maculopathy'' mu. Edin no te sɛ nea ɛyɛ nwonwa kakra, ɛnte saa? Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo, momma yɛnka ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri na yɛnka ho asɛm tiawa.

Dɛn ne ``Bull's Eye Maculopathy''? Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a...

Bull’s Eye Maculopathy yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi koraa a ɛma nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ macula, retina no fã a ɛho hia sen biara no mu yɛ mmerɛw nkakrankakra na sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɛsɛe.

Fa no sɛ, sɛ w’ani te sɛ mfoninitwa afiri a, retina no te sɛ sini anaa sensor a ɛwɔ mfoninitwa afiri no akyi no. Wɔakyere mfonini ahorow a yehu no wɔ hɔ. Wɔ retina no mfinimfini pɛɛ no, baabi ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ nanso ɛho hia yiye a ɛboa yɛn ma yehu nneɛma yiye na ɛyɛ nnam. Ɛno ne nea wɔfrɛ no macula. Saa macula yi boa yɛn ma yehu nneɛma nketenkete yiye, te sɛ bere a yɛkenkan nhoma, hwɛ obi anim, anaa bere a yɛde asaawa teateaa bi bata ho.

Enti, wɔ ``Bull's Eye Maculopathy'' mu no, sɛ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ saa ``macula'' yi mu no sɛe a, sɛ oduruyɛfo bi hwehwɛ aniwa no mu a, wohu nkaa bi a ne kɔla asesa wɔ saa ``macula'' no mu. Enya ne din efisɛ ɛte sɛ nkaa a ɛwɔ agyan a wɔde tow agyan so (nantwi aniwa nsusuwso). Saa tebea yi betumi ama obi ani abere daa.

Wobetumi anya saa yare yi fi awo mu (i.e., efi w’awofo hɔ denam awosu mu nkwaadɔm so). Ɛtɔ da bi a nnuruyɛfo frɛ saa ade a wonya fi awo mu yi ``Bull's Eye Maculopathy'' ``Benign Concentric Annular Macular Dystrophy (BCAMD)''. Ebetumi nso anya esiane aniwa mu nyarewa afoforo anaasɛ nea efi nnuru bi a wɔde di dwuma bere tenten mu ba .

Anisoadehu ho haw biara betumi ayɛ hu. Nanso wo duruyɛfo betumi aboa wo ma woahu nea ɛde ba no na wama wo ayaresa ne mmoa a wuhia na ama woatumi agyina tebea no ano.

Nkɛntɛnso bɛn na Bull’s Eye Maculopathy betumi anya wɔ aniwa so?

Nkwammoaa a ɛboa yɛn ma yehu nneɛma no sɛe na ɛde Bull’s Eye Maculopathy ba. Enti, eyi betumi aka w’anisoadehu a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no wɔ ɔkwan soronko so.

• Ebia ɛbɛyɛ den ama nnipa binom sɛ wobehu nsɛm a ɛyɛ fɛ yiye.
• Ebia worentumi nhu kɔla ahorow mu yiye, anaasɛ kɔla ahorow a wuhu no so bɛtew.
• Ebia anisoadehu so bɛtew anadwo.
• Bere a anisoadehu a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no yɛ mmerɛw , ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wobɛkenkan nhoma, aka kar, na woahu nneɛma a ɛrekɔ so tẽẽ.
• Saa yare yi betumi aka aniwa biako pɛ anaa aniwa abien no nyinaa.

Nanso mpɛn pii no, nnipa a wɔwɔ Bull’s Eye Maculopathy no nni ɔhaw kɛse biara wɔ wɔn anisoadehu a ɛwɔ akyi no ho - kyerɛ sɛ, nea wotumi hu fi wɔn aniwa ntwea so. Nanso esiane sɛ eyi taa yɛ tebea a ɛkɔ so nya nkɔso nti, bere kɔ so no, anisoadehu betumi asɛe kɛse .

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ obenya ``Bull's Eye Maculopathy''?

``Asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ`` yɛ biribi a ɛma hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya yare no yɛ kɛse. Asiane ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a ɛde ``Bull's Eye Maculopathy`` ba:

• Sɛ obi wɔ abusua no mu wɔ ``Bull's Eye Maculopathy'' (abakɔsɛm a wonya fi awo mu).
• Aniwa mu nyarewa afoforo te sɛ macular degeneration a obi wɔ .
• Awosu mu tebea horow bi , sɛ nhwɛso no, Batten yare anaa Stargardt yare.
• Nnuru bi a wode bedi dwuma bere tenten, titiriw nea wɔde sa nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa (nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa, wɔ nsɛm tiawa mu no, yɛ tebea horow a wo nipadua no ankasa nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no tow hyɛ w’ankasa nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden so).

Saa tebea yi abu so dɛn?

Bull’s Eye Maculopathy yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi koraa ankasa. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ United States mpo no, nnipa kakraa bi pɛ na wɔwɔ saa yare yi. Enti, sɛ wuhu nsakrae bi wɔ w’anisoadehu mu a, mma wo ho nnpopo.

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛde ``Bull's Eye Maculopathy'' ba?

Nneɛma pii nti na eyi betumi asi:

1. Awosu mu nneɛma:

Bull’s Eye Maculopathy a wɔsan frɛ no BCAMD no yɛ tebea a ɛma obi tumi yɛ ne ho. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, sɛ ɔwofo no mu biara wɔ awosu mu nkwaadɔm a wɔayɛ no foforo a ɛde yare no ba a, hokwan 50% wɔ hɔ sɛ wɔn ba no benya yare no afi awo mu. Saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi yɛ yɛn DNA no afã horow a ɛkora nsɛm so wɔ yɛn nipadua mu.

2. Nyarewa afoforo:

Aniwa mu nyarewa afoforo te sɛ cone-rod dystrophy anaa retinitis pigmentosa nso betumi ama Bull’s Eye Maculopathy aba. Afei nso, sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, nnipa a wɔwɔ awosu mu nyarewa te sɛ Batten yare anaa Stargardt yare nso wɔ asiane mu sɛ wobenya saa tebea yi.

3. Awudisɛm a ɛwɔ mu:

Nneɛma bi, titiriw nnuru bi, betumi asɛe nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ w’aniwa mfinimfini (macula). Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnuru te sɛ chloroquine anaa hydroxychloroquine a wɔde sa tebea horow te sɛ ntini mu yare anaa lupus a wɔde di dwuma bere tenten no betumi ama Bull’s Eye Maculopathy aba.

Afei nso, nnipa a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔtaa de mogya ma wɔn no betumi anya tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no hemochromatosis (iron overload). Eyi nso betumi asɛe wo macula.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na aduru `(Hydroxychloroquine)` de `(Bull's Eye Maculopathy)` ba?

Abenfo da so ara nnim sɛnea eyi ba ankasa. Nanso nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ ebia aduru no bɛkyekyere nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ w’aniwa no mu no na aka sɛnea saa nkwammoaa no yɛ adwuma no. Eyi taa ba bere a wonom aduru no dodow a ɛdɔɔso bere tenten no. Ɛno nti na nnuruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔnom nnuru yi nyɛ wɔn aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu daa no.

Dɛn ne ``Bull's Eye Maculopathy'' ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Saa tebea yi ka anisoadehu titiriw. Ebia sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no bi ne:

• Anisoadehu a ɛyɛ kusuu anaasɛ sum kabii.
• Sɛ wuhu nsensanee tuntum anaa sunsuma tuntum wɔ w’anisoadehu mu.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wubehu kɔla ahorow anaasɛ kɔla anifurae koraa.
• Nneɛma te sɛ nhama a ɛsensɛn aniwa anim (aniwa a ɛsensɛn nsu mu) a wubehu anaasɛ hann a ɛhyerɛn a wubehu.
• Anisoadehu a ɛba fam koraa .

Kae sɛ, nsusuw sɛ wowɔ Bull’s Eye Maculopathy esiane sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mu biako anaa abien nti. Eyinom nso betumi ayɛ aniwa mu tebea afoforo ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ wohwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu.

``Bull's Eye Maculopathy'' hwɛ aniwa no mu dɛn?

Eyi nyɛ biribi a wubetumi ahu denam ahwehwɛ mu a wobɛhwɛ so. Aniwa ho oduruyɛfo bi de adwinnade titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no aniwa a wɔde hwɛ aniwa so bɛhwɛ wo macula ne w’aniwa no mu de ahu sɛ wowɔ bi anaasɛ wunni bi.

Mpɛn pii no, saa "nantwi aniwa" nsusuwso yi da adi sɛ mfinimfini kurukuruwa a ɛyɛ tumm a nkaa pii a ɛyɛ hann atwa ho ahyia. Mfinimfini a ɛyɛ sum no gyina hɔ ma retina a ɛteɛ no. Nkaa a atwa ho ahyia no yɛ nea ɛnteɛ. Saa nkaa yi betumi ayɛ borɔdɔma a ɛyɛ hare, pink, anaa kɔkɔɔ. Saa kɔla ahorow yi fi aniwa no mfinimfini (macula) a asɛe anaasɛ asɛe.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu Bull’s Eye Maculopathy?

Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛyɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu pii de ahu sɛ wowɔ Bull’s Eye Maculopathy anaa. Ebi ne:

• Visual acuity test: Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔde hu sɛnea wubetumi ahu ade yiye. Wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ kenkan nkyerɛwde nhyehyɛe a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ (``Snellen nhyehyɛe'') anaasɛ monitor a nkyerɛwde akɛse gu ahorow. Wɔde w’ani abien no nyinaa ne w’ani biako a wɔatoto mu wɔ ɔkwan soronko so asɔ w’ani ahwɛ.
• Sɔhwɛ a wɔde aniwa hu:Eyi bɛhwɛ w’anisoadehu a ɛwɔ mfinimfini ne w’aniwa a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri no mu. Ebetumi nso akyerɛ wo sɛ wowɔ anifurae bi a. Ebia wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ hwɛ nhama a wɔayɛ no grid, anaasɛ wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ sɔ akanea anaasɛ fa wo nsa kɔ baabi a wubetumi ahu w’anim ne nkyɛnkyɛn.
• Kɔla anisoadehu sɔhwɛ: Wɔkyerɛ wo mfonini a wɔde nsensanee a ɛwɔ kɔla ayɛ a nɔma wɔ mfinimfini (kɔla mprɛte sɔhwɛ). Sɛ wuntumi nhu nɔma no a, ebia woanya kɔla anifurae. Wubetumi nso de afiri bi a wɔfrɛ no anomaloscope adi dwuma de ahu sɛnea wuhu hann ne kɔla ahorow a ɛhyerɛn.
• Ophthalmoscopy: Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde aniwa mu nsu trɛw aniwa no mu. Afei, wɔde afiri a wɔde hwɛ aniwa mu hwɛ w’aniwa, w’aniwa, w’aniwa, w’aniwa, w’aniwa, w’aniwa ntini, ne mogya ntini a atwa wo ho ahyia no mu. Wɔsan frɛ saa sɔhwɛ yi fundoscopy.
• Optical coherence tomography (OCT) sɔhwɛ: Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛnyɛ yaw. Ɛde hann asorɔkye di dwuma de twa wo retina no ntoatoaso, titiriw macula, a ɛwɔ w’aniwa no mfinimfini no ho mfonini a ɛkɔ akyiri yiye, a ɛwɔ afã abiɛsa (3D). Saa sɔhwɛ yi betumi ahu sɛnea macula no asɛe na asɛe no ntɛm na ɛda adi pefee sen nhwehwɛmu afoforo.
• Fundus autofluorescence imaging (FAF) sɔhwɛ: Eyi yɛ mfoninitwa kwan foforo. Ɛde kanea bruu bi hwehwɛ nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ kɔla a ɛwɔ wo retina mu no mu. Nkwammoaa bi twetwe hann yi anaasɛ ɛdannan no wɔ ɔkwan soronko so sen afoforo. Eyi boa oduruyɛfo no ma ohu sɛ ebia biribi asɛe anaasɛ asɛe retina no anaa.

So wobetumi asa Bull’s Eye Maculopathy no koraa?

Awerɛhosɛm ne sɛ, wonnyaa aduru a edi mũ biara mmaa ``Bull's Eye Maculopathy''.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa Bull’s Eye Maculopathy?

Mprempren ayaresa biara nni hɔ a ebetumi asan de aniwa a ayera esiane ``Bull's Eye Maculopathy.`` Nanso, sɛ tebea no fi aduru bi anaasɛ dade a ɛboro so wɔ nipadua no mu (awuduru) a, aduru no a wobegyae anaasɛ dade dodow a wɔbɛhyɛ so no betumi asiw yare no ano anaasɛ wobedi so.

Mpɛn pii no, ayaresa botae titiriw ne sɛ ɛbɛboa ayarefo ma wɔatra ase wɔ tebea horow te sɛ aniwa a ɛyera ne kɔla a ɛyɛ anifurae mu. Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo nea edidi so yi akyerɛ wo:

• Mfiridwuma a ɛboa: Sɛ nhwɛso no, video a ɛma nneɛma yɛ kɛse, mfiri a wɔde kyerɛ ade, anaa mfiri a ɛkenkan screen.
• Ahwehwɛ anaa ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade.
• Anisoadehu a ɛba fam a wobɛsan asiesie anaa adwuma mu ayaresa: Eyinom kyerɛkyerɛ wo akwan ne akwan horow a wobɛfa so ayɛ da biara da nnwuma a wobɛtew w’ani so.
• Nneɛma a ɛboa ma wohu ade: Nneɛma te sɛ nsa a wɔde ma nneɛma kɛse, afiri a wɔde hwɛ akyirikyiri, anaa ahwehwɛ a wɔde yi hann mu.

Dɛn ne obi a ɔwɔ ``Bull's Eye Maculopathy'' no anidaso?

Aniwa a ɛyera a Bull’s Eye Maculopathy de ba no taa yɛ nea ɛtra hɔ daa na bere kɔ so no ebetumi akɔ so . Nanso, sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, sɛ awuduru bi na ɛde aniwa a asɛe no ba a, awuduru a wɔkwati no betumi aboa ma tebea no anyɛ kɛse.

So ɔkwan bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfa so siw ``Bull's Eye Maculopathy'' ano?

Nokwarem no, ɔkwan pɔtee biara nni hɔ a wɔbɛfa so asiw ``Bull's Eye Maculopathy'' a ɛbɛba no ano.

Nanso esiane sɛ nnuru bi (sɛ nhwɛso no, hydroxychloroquine) de asiane ba sɛ ɛde tebea yi bɛba nti, sɛ wɔnom nnuru a ɛtete saa bere tenten a, aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no daa sɛnea oduruyɛfo tu fo no betumi aboa ma wɔahu nneɛma a asɛe biara ntɛm na wɔasiw yare no ano.

Nsɛmmisa bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo fa ``Bull's Eye Maculopathy'' ho?

Sɛ wowɔ ``Bull's Eye Maculopathy'' a, ebia wobɛpɛ sɛ wobisa wo duruyɛfo nsɛm bi te sɛ:

• "Oduruyɛfo, so nnuru bi wɔ hɔ a menom mprempren a ebetumi ama tebea yi asɛe kɛse?"
• "So aduannuru bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi aboa ma m'ani atumi ahu ade yiye?"
• "Mɛyɛ dɛn ayɛ adwuma wɔ me da biara da asetra mu wɔ saa anisoadehu a ɛyera yi ho? Akwan bɛn na metumi afa so anya mmoa wɔ saa asɛm no ho?"
• "Mɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ ɛda so ara yɛ ahobammɔ ma me sɛ mɛka kar?"
• "So m'ani a ɛyera yi yɛ nea ɛtra hɔ daa?"
• "Ɛbɛyɛ dɛn na m'anisoadehu no asɛe kɛse?"

Bull’s Eye Maculopathy yɛ tebea a ɛntaa nsi. Sɛ wuhu nsakrae bi wɔ w’ani so a, ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi sɛ tebea yi na ɛde ba. Nanso, mmu w’ani ngu anisoadehu ho haw biara so. Ɛwom sɛ w’ani a wobɛhwere no betumi ayɛ hu ne adwennwen de, nanso akwan bi wɔ hɔ a wobɛfa so agyina ano. Wo duruyɛfo betumi de wo akɔ nnuru a ɛboa ma wohu ade, mmoa a wɔde ma, ne ayaresa a wuhia no nkyɛn.

Sɛ wuhu nsakrae bi wɔ w’ani so, w’ani a ɛyɛ kusuu, anaa sɛnkyerɛnne foforo bi a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Ɛmfa ho nea ɛde w’aniwa a ɛyera no, ayaresa a wodi ntɛm no betumi ama aniwa mu haw ahorow no ayɛ brɛoo, agyae, na ebia mpo asan.

Nneɛma a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, enti momma yɛnbɔ nneɛma a yɛkaa ho asɛm nnɛ a ebia wubehu sɛ ɛho hia no bi mua:

• Bull's Eye Maculopathy yɛ aniwa yare a ɛntaa nsi koraa a ɛma aniwa no mu aniwa no mfinimfini (macula) sɛe, na ɛde "nantwi aniwa" te sɛ nsusuwii ba.
• Eyi betumi ama anisoadehu a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no ayɛ mmerɛw. Eyi betumi aka nneɛma te sɛ nhoma akenkan ne anim a wohu.
• Eyi betumi afi awosu mu nneɛma, nyarewa afoforo, ne nnuru bi a wɔde di dwuma bere tenten mu aba .
• Wɔnnyaa saa tebea yi ano aduru pɔtee biara. Nanso, akwan bi wɔ hɔ a wobɛfa so aboa ma wɔadi yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ho dwuma na ama asetra ayɛ mmerɛw.
• Sɛ wuhu nsakrae bi wɔ w’ani so a, ɛho hia sɛ wokɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Sɛ wohu yare no ntɛm na wɔsa no a, ebetumi aboa ma tebea no anyɛ kɛse.

Ɛyɛ w’asɛyɛde sɛ wobɛhwɛ w’ani so. Aniwa a ɛte apɔw yɛ hann kɛse wɔ asetra mu.

` Bull's Eye Maculopathy, aniwa yare, aniwa mfinimfini, macula, aniwa a ɛyera, aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu, hydroxychloroquine