Dot ketewaa a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu, macula: Eyi ne nea ɛma w’ani da hɔ!

So woasusuw sɛnea yebetumi akenkan nkyerɛwde nketewa a ɛwɔ nhoma bi mu mpo pefee, anaasɛ yebehu obi anim wɔ akyirikyiri no ho pɛn? Eyi nyinaa yɛ nea beae ketewaa bi a ɛho hia wɔ yɛn aniwa mu no boa. Wɔfrɛ saa beae no "macula." Ɛnnɛ yɛreka saa macula yi ho asɛm, a ɛyɛ adwuma te sɛ w’anisoadehu no mu ɔbran kɛse no.

Enti, dɛn ankasa ne macula no?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, macula yɛ beae ketewaa bi a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa wɔ retina no mfinimfini wɔ w’ani akyi. Retina yɛ ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛkyere hann a ɛkɔ yɛn aniwa mu. Ɛte sɛ sini anaa sensor a ɛwɔ mfoninitwa afiri mu no. Enti macula yɛ retina no nyinaa fã a wɔayɛ no titiriw na ama yɛanya anisoadehu a ɛyɛ nnam, emu da hɔ, na ɛkɔ akyiri sen biara.

Edin foforo a wɔde frɛ eyi ne macula lutea. Saa beae ketewaa yi na ɛhwɛ nea wuhu bere a wohwɛ w’anim tẽẽ, w’anisoadehu a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no so . Enti sɛ macula no sɛe kakra mpo a, ebetumi anya w’ani so nkɛntɛnso kɛse. Ɛno nti na ɛho hia sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara sɛ wuhu nsakrae biara a ɛba mpofirim wɔ w’ani anaa w’ani so a.

Dwuma bɛn na macula di? Dɛn nti na ɛho hia saa?

Fa no sɛ worehwɛ nhwiren fɛfɛ bi. Wubetumi ahu nhwiren no ho nsɛm te sɛ ne kɔla, ne nhaban nsɛso, ne ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛwɔ so no pefee. Macula no yɛ adwumaden de kyerɛ wo saa nsɛm no nyinaa.

Nea yehu sɛ ɛrekɔ so ara ne sɛ:

1. Nea edi kan no, hann hyɛn aniwa no mu, fa aniwa no mu, na ɛbɔ retina a ɛwɔ akyi no.

2. Nkwammoaa titiriw a ɛte hann nka wɔ retina no mu a wɔfrɛ no photoreceptors , dan hann ahoɔden yi ma ɛbɛyɛ anyinam ahoɔden sɛnkyerɛnne.

3. Afei anyinam ahoɔden sɛnkyerɛnne yi fa aniwa ntini no mu kɔ amemene no mu.

4. Awiei koraa no, amemene no hwehwɛ saa sɛnkyerɛnne yi mu de yɛ mfonini a yehu no.

Wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu no, macula no ne nea ɛkyere nea worehwɛ no tẽẽ no ho nsɛm a eye sen biara. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ:

• Kenkan nkrataa a ɛwɔ nhoma anaa atesɛm krataa mu no.
• Hu obi anim
• Sɛ́ wobɛyɛ adwuma a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, te sɛ ade a wɔde nhama bɛhyɛ mu.
• Hu na kyerɛ nsonsonoe a ɛda kɔla ahorow mu pɛpɛɛpɛ

Sɛ macula no sɛe a, w’ani no bɛda so ara ayɛ adwuma, na ama hann akɔ mu Nanso wubehu mfonini bi a ɛyɛ kusuu, ɛkɔ akyiri, na ɛnyɛ nea wɔde wɔn adwene si so. Ɛte sɛ mfonini a wɔde mfoninitwa afiri atwa a ɛnyɛ nea wɔde wɔn adwene si so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na macula no hyehyɛ?

Macula yɛ retina no fã bi. Ɛyɛ beae ketewaa bi a ɛte sɛ kurukuruwa, na ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ. Mpɛn pii no, obi macula trɛw yɛ milimita 5 pɛ. Ɛno nnu sɛntimita fã. Nanso nea ɛyɛ no yɛ nwonwa, ɛnte saa?

Te sɛ retina no, macula no yɛ nkwammoaa a ɛma hann no. Nkwammoaa yi ahorow abien na ɛwɔ hɔ:

• Poma: Eyinom boa ma wotumi hu ade tuntum ne fitaa na wohu ade wɔ sum mu.
• Cones: Eyinom ne nea ɛboa ma yehu kɔla ne yɛn awiabere a yehu daa no.

Nea ɛho hia sen biara no, cone nkwammoaa pii wɔ macula no mu, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔahyɛ no ma denneennen. Ɛno nti na yɛfa so nya anisoadehu a emu da hɔ yiye, ɛkɔ akyiri, na ɛyɛ kɔla ahorow no.

Nyarewa ne tebea horow bɛn na ebetumi aka macula no?

Biribiara a ɛsɛe aniwa no betumi aka macula no. Nanso tebea horow pii wɔ hɔ a ɛde n’ani si macula no so pɔtee. Momma yɛnhwɛ eyinom wɔ pon abien so.

Nea ɛka ho no, nyarewa bi a ɛka retina no nyinaa nso betumi asɛe macula no.

Dɛn ne ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ macula ho no ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi wɔ w’ani so a, yɛsrɛ sɛ mmu w’ani ngu so. Hwɛ oduruyɛfo ntɛm ara sɛnea wubetumi.

• Anisoadehu a wontumi nhu: Nkate a ɛte sɛ nea worehwɛ sum mu .
• Diplopia: Ade biako a wubehu sɛ ɛyɛ abien.
• Ɛyaw foforo a ɛba aniwa mu a ɛnbrɛ ase wɔ nna kakraa bi akyi mpo.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhwɛ hann (photophobia): Te nka sɛ hann a ɛfata mpo yɛ katee dodo wɔ aniwa so.
• Te a wobɛte nka sɛ w’anisoadehu reyɛ mmerɛw nkakrankakra anaasɛ mpofirim ara.
• Ntrɛwmu a ɛyɛ tẽẽ, ɔpon ne mfɛnsere mu nnua, ne nneɛma afoforo te sɛ nea wɔatrɛw na ayɛ nsensanee.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobɛma macula no anya apɔwmuden?

Yɛn ani yɛ ade a ɛsom bo paa. Enti, ɛyɛ yɛn asɛyɛde sɛ yɛbɛhwɛ aniwa no nyinaa yiye, a macula no ka ho.

Hwɛ oduruyɛfo.

Sɛ wuhu nsakrae ketewaa bi mpo wɔ w’ani so a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo. Sɛ wohyɛ ahwehwɛ anaa ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ w’ani a, ma wɔnhwɛ w’ani daa na ma wɔnyɛ nsakrae wɔ nnuru a wɔakyerɛw ama wo no mu sɛnea ɛho hia. Bere a wo duruyɛfo reyɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu no, ɔde adwinnade titiriw bi (ophthalmoscope) bedi dwuma de ahwɛ wo retina ne wo macula mu yiye.

Bɔ w’ani ho ban.

Hyɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛfata bere a woredi agumadi, woreyɛ adwuma te sɛ dade a wotwitwa, anaa wode nnuru reyɛ adwuma no. Afei nso, hyɛ ahwehwɛ pa a ɛbɔ w’ani ho ban fi ultraviolet (UV) mframa ho bere a wowɔ owia mu no.

Susuw akwahosan nyinaa ho hwɛ

W’akwahosan nyinaa ka w’ani. Tebea horow te sɛ asikreyare ne mogya mmoroso betumi asɛe w’ani. Enti di aduan a ɛkari pɛ, teɛteɛ w’apɔw mu, na di w’ayaresa tebea afoforo ho dwuma yiye.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Eyi yɛ biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛma ɛtra yɛn adwenem.

Tebea horow a egye ntɛmpɛ:

• Sɛ w’ani hwere mpofirim a
• Sɛ wunya ɛyaw a wuntumi nnyina ano wɔ w’ani so a
• Sɛ w’aniso yɛ tuntum mpofirim, te sɛ nea ntama bi atɔ w’ani anim a

Wɔ tebea a ɛte saa mu no, kɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo no mu ntɛm ara wɔ Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) , efisɛ tebea horow bi betumi ama obi ani abere daa sɛ wɔanhwɛ no ntɛm a.

Macula yɛ aniwa no fã ketewaa bi, nanso seesei wote sɛnea ɛho hia sɛ wuhu wiase no yiye no ase. Yɛde di dwuma bere biara. Enti momma yɛnhwɛ yɛn ani so yiye. Momma yɛnhwɛ wɔn mu daa. Sɛ wuhu nsakrae ketewaa bi mpo a, momma yɛnhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu afotu.