Bere a oduruyɛfo bi hui sɛ wowɔ HIV akyi no, so ehu kaa wo kakra bere a ɔkae sɛ, "Ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ CD4 akontaabu?" Anaasɛ wotee saa nsɛm yi wɔ baabi na wususuw nea eyi yɛ ho? Ɛwom sɛ ebia saa nsɛmfua yi bɛyɛ te sɛ nea nyansahu mu de kakra na ɛyɛ den bere a wote de, nanso nea ɛkyerɛ no yɛ mmerɛw koraa. Biribiara nni hɔ a enti ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro. Ɛte sɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea yɛn nipadua no akwahosan te. Wɔ saa asɛm yi mu no, yɛbɛka nea CD4 yi yɛ, nea sɔhwɛ yi susuw, ne sɛnea ɛho hia ma w’akwahosan akwantu a wo ne HIV te no ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na adamfofa su so.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne CD4 yi?
Fa no sɛ yɛn nipadua te sɛ ɔman. Sɛnea ɔman biara wɔ asraafo dɔm a wɔbɔ ho ban no, saa ara na yɛn nipadua nso wɔ asraafo dɔm a wɔbɔ yɛn ho ban fi nyarewa ne mmoawa ho. Yɛfrɛ saa asraafo dɔm yi sɛ Immune System .
Enti, asraafo a wɔyɛ soronko na wɔho hia sen biara wɔ asraafo a wɔko tia nyarewa yi mu biako ne saa CD4 nkwammoaa yi . Eyinom yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa bi a ɛwɔ yɛn mogya mu ankasa. Wɔn adwuma titiriw ne sɛ wɔbɛhwehwɛ atamfo te sɛ mmoawa ne mmoawa a wɔhyɛn nipadua no mu, abɔ asraafo afoforo (nkwaboaa afoforo a ɛko tia nyarewa) amanneɛ wɔ ho, na obiara de ne ho hyɛ mu ko tia saa atamfo no. Ɛno nti na yɛsan frɛ saa CD4 nkwammoaa yi "aboafo T-nkwaboaa."
Seesei ebia woate sɛnea CD4 nkwammoaa ho hia ma yɛn nipadua no nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no ase.
Dɛn na CD4 dodow ho sɔhwɛ yɛ?
CD4 dodow yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a ɛnyɛ den koraa. Ɛkan CD4 nkwammoaa dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu kakraa bi pɛ (bɛyɛ cubic milimita biako) mu.
HIV mmoawa (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) yɛ ɔtamfo a ɔyɛ anifere paa. Saa mmoawa yi tow hyɛ CD4 nkwammoaa yi so tẽẽ, a ɛte sɛ yɛn asraafo a wɔko tia nyarewa no akannifo. HIV mmoawa no hyɛn CD4 nkwammoaa yi mu, sɛe wɔn, na ɛyɛ ne ho ɔpepepem pii. Bere kɔ so no, CD4 nkwammoaa dodow a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no fi ase so tew nkakrankakra.
Sɛ CD4 asraafo dodow so tew a, dɛn na ɛba? Yɛn nipadua no ahobammɔ yɛ mmerɛw. Afei, mmoawa nketenkete mpo a mpɛn pii no wontumi nsɛe yɛn pii no betumi asɛe nipadua no kɛse na ɛde nyarewa a emu yɛ den aba.
Enti, CD4 dodow yɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so susuw sɛnea HIV mmoawa no asɛe wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no. Ɛboa nso sɛ wubehu sɛnea nnuru a worenom no tu mpɔn.
Dɛn na nnuruyɛfo de CD4 dodow yi di dwuma ma?
Sɛ wowɔ HIV a, wo duruyɛfoɔ de saa CD4 dodoɔ yi bedi dwuma de ate nneɛma titire mmiɛnsa ase.
1. 1. Nnipa a wɔte saa.Kyerɛ HIV yareɛ no gyinabea: CD4 dodoɔ no tumi kyerɛ HIV yareɛ no gyinabea. Sɛ CD4 dodow no sua koraa a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔyare no wɔ bere a emu yɛ den mu.
2. Susuw sɛnea ayaresa no di yiye: Sɛ wufi ase sa HIV (yɛfrɛ eyi Antiretroviral Therapy anaa ART ) wie a, wo duruyɛfo bɛyɛ saa CD4 nhwehwɛmu yi bere ne bere mu . Sɛ aduru no reyɛ adwuma yiye a, ɛsɛ sɛ wodi mmoawa a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu no so na ɛsɛ sɛ wo CD4 nkwammoaa dodow fi ase kɔ soro bio. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ayaresa no di yiye.
3. Hwɛ asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya nyarewa afoforo (Opportunistic Infections): Sɛ wo CD4 dodow so tew sen dodow bi a, wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no yɛ mmerɛw, na ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wubenya nyarewa afoforo a emu yɛ den. Wɔfrɛ eyinom nyarewa a ɛma wonya hokwan . Sɛ nhwɛso no, nneɛma te sɛ ahurututu mu yare ne nsamanwaw. Wo duruyɛfo betumi ahwɛ wo CD4 dodow na wakyerɛw wo nnuru foforo de abɔ wo ho ban afi saa nyarewa yi ho.
Mɛyɛ dɛn asiesie me ho ama sɔhwɛ no? So ɛyɛ yaw?
Nsusuw ho mpo. CD4 nhwehwɛmu no te sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu foforo biara a anka wobɛyɛ no ara pɛ.
- Ahosiesie titiriw biara nhia: Ɛho nhia sɛ woyɛ biribiara da a edi kan no, te sɛ nea wunni anaa worennom biribiara. Wubetumi adi, anom, na woanom wo nnuru sɛnea wotaa yɛ no.
- Nea ɛba: Ɔyarehwɛfo anaa oduruyɛfo bi de syringe ketewaa bi begye mogya afi ntini bi a ɛwɔ wo nsa mu no mu. Ebia wobɛte ɛyaw bi anaa wo ho nyɛ wo dɛ bere a wɔde ade no hyɛ mu na woyi fi mu no. Nanso ɛbɛkyɛ sikɔne kakraa bi pɛ.
- So nsunsuanso bɔne bi wɔ hɔ?: Asiane kɛse biara nni eyi mu. Nanso, ɛntaa mma koraa sɛ baabi a wɔfaa mogya no betumi adan bruu kakra (akuru), aboaboa mogya kakraa bi ano (hematoma), ate nka sɛ watotɔ piti, anaasɛ wanya ɔyare mmoawa. Eyinom yɛ nsɛm a ɛntaa nsi koraa.
Afei wɔde mogya yi kɔ lab, faako a wɔde ɔkwan titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no Flow Cytometry di dwuma de kan CD4 nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no.
Dɛn na akontaabu a ɛwɔ amanneɛbɔ no mu no ka?
Sɛ wo CD4 amanneɛbɔ no ba a, wɔde nɔma bɛkyerɛw, te sɛ "mm3" anaa "mcL." Eyi ne nkwammoaa dodow a ɛwɔ cubic millimeter (bɛyɛ mogya a ɛtɔ gu fam) mu. Nnwinnade a ɛwɔ ase ha no bɛboa wo ma woate saa gyinapɛn ahorow yi ase.
| CD4 dodow a ɛwɔ hɔ | Nkwammoaa dodow (nkwaboaa/mm3) . | Kyerɛ |
|---|---|---|
| Normal/Akwahosan Level | 500 - 1,200 na ɛwɔ hɔ | Obi a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden a onni HIV no wɔ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa a ɛyɛ den. |
| Low level | Ennu 500 | Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no asɛe. Virus no resɛe CD4 nkwammoaa. |
| Ɛba fam yiye/asiane dodow | 200 anaa nea ennu saa | Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no asɛe kɛse. Wɔfrɛ saa fã yi AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) , anaasɛ HIV yare no fã 3. Saa bere yi de, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya ɔyare mmoawa a wɔde hokwan di dwuma no dɔɔso yiye. |
Nea ɛho hia: Kae sɛ gyinapɛn ahorow a ɛfata betumi ayɛ soronko kakra wɔ labs ahorow ntam, enti bere nyinaa wo ne wo duruyɛfo nsusuw gyinapɛn ahorow a ɛwɔ w’amanneɛbɔ no mu ho .
Sɛ me CD4 dodow sua a, dɛn na mɛyɛ?
Nea edi kan koraa no, mma wo ho nnpopo . CD4 dodow a ɛba fam no nyɛ wiase awiei. Ɛkyerɛ kɛkɛ sɛ wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no hia mmoa. Wo duruyɛfo no wɔ ha sɛ ɔrebɛboa wo.
Sɛ wo CD4 dodow sua a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛyɛ nneɛma te sɛ:
- ART a Wobɛhyɛ aseɛ anaa wobɛsesa: Sɛ wo nnya mfii ART ase a, wɔbɛkyerɛw wo ama wo sɛ firi aseɛ. Sɛ worenom nnuru dedaw a, ebia wɔbɛkyerɛw wo nnuru foforo a wɔaka abom a ɛfata wo kɛse.
- Nnuru a wɔde siw nyarewa ano: Sɛ wo CD4 dodow nnu 200 a, wobetumi akyerɛw wo nnuru foforo te sɛ nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa de abɔ wo ho ban afi ɔyare mmoawa a wonya hokwan ho.
- Mpɛn pii a wobɛhwɛ so: Wubetumi ahwɛ wo tebea no denam wo CD4 dodow a wobɛkan abɛn bere a wotaa de di dwuma no kakra so.
Mɛyɛ dɛn ama me CD4 dodow akɔ soro?
Nyansahu kwan a eye sen biara na ɛyɛ biako pɛ a wɔfa so yɛ eyi neART (Antiretroviral Therapy) ayaresa a wodi so denneennen.
ART nnuru yɛ adwuma denam HIV mmoawa no a esiw ano sɛ ɛnnɔɔso (yɛ ne mfonini) wɔ nipadua no mu no so. Sɛ wɔhyɛ mmoawa no so a, egyae sɛe CD4 nkwammoaa no. Afei nipadua no tumi yɛ CD4 nkwammoaa foforo na ɛsan kyekye ne nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no.
Enti, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛnom wo nnuru sɛnea wo duruyɛfo akyerɛ wo no pɛpɛɛpɛ, wɔ bere ano, na worempa da koro mpo . Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛnom w’aduru no anaasɛ wo werɛ afi sɛ wobɛnom a, mma wofɛre na wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa ho asɛm.
Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?
- Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa bi fa nea efii wo CD4 amanneɛbɔ no mu bae ho, anaasɛ biribi wɔ hɔ a emu nna hɔ a, hwɛ hu sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa.
- Sɛ wowɔ ɔyare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ atiridiinini, nipadua mu yaw, wo ho wosow, anaa kuru a ɛretu a, hwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara. Sɛ emu yɛ den a, kɔ Emergency Department (ETU) a ɛwɔ ayaresabea a ɛbɛn wo no.
CD4 dodow nyɛ biribi a ɛbɛma woabɔ hu. Ɛte sɛ mita bi a ɛwɔ kar bi dashboard so. Ɛma wo ne wo duruyɛfo nya baabi a w’akwahosan akwantu no rekɔ no ho adwene pa. Sɛ wode di dwuma a, wubetumi asi ayaresa a eye sen biara ama wo ho gyinae, na woanya asetra a ahoɔden wom, akyɛ, na anigye wom.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- CD4 nkwammoaa ne asraafo a wɔho hia sen biara wɔ wo nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no mu.
- HIV mmoawa no tow hyɛ saa CD4 nkwammoaa yi so tẽẽ. CD4 dodow no kyerɛ sɛnea saa asraafo yi dodow te.
- CD4 dodow a ɛba fam kyerɛ sɛ nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no ayɛ mmerɛw. CD4 dodow a ennu 200 no, wɔfrɛ no AIDS.
- Ɔkwan pa a wobɛfa so ama wo CD4 dodow akɔ soro ne sɛ wobɛnom ART aduru a wo duruyɛfo akyerɛw ama wo no bere ano, a worenhwere da koro mpo.
- Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa pefee wɔ nsɛmmisa anaa dadwen biara a wowɔ wɔ wo CD4 aba ho. Wɔwɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛboa wo.
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