Skip to main content

So wo ba no wɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi? Momma yensua Cohen Syndrome ho ade.

So wo ba no wɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi? Momma yensua Cohen Syndrome ho ade.

So woasusuw nea enti a ɛsono mmofra binom nneyɛe na wɔn nyin sen afoforo no ho pɛn? Ɛtɔ da bi a, nneɛma nketenkete mpo betumi anya asɛm kɛse bi wɔ akyi. Ɛnnɛ, yɛrebɛka awosu mu tebea bi a ɛka nneɛma pii wɔ mmofra mu, te sɛ wɔn honam ani hwɛbea, wɔn nyin, ne wɔn ntini ahoɔden ho asɛm. Wɔfrɛ saa tebea yi Cohen Syndrome.

Dɛn ne Cohen Syndrome?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Cohen Syndrome yɛ tebea a awosu mu nsakrae na ɛde ba. Ebetumi aka nipadua no afã horow pii, a nea ɛka ho ne anisoadehu, mmofra nyin, ntini a ɛyɛ den, ne adwene mu tumi. Ebetumi nso de nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ti ketewaa, ti nhwi a ɛyɛ den, ne ne tenten a ɛyɛ tiaa aba.

Mmofra a wɔwo wɔn a wɔwɔ saa tebea yi no nkɔso kyɛ . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia nneɛma te sɛ nea wobɛhuruhuruw, nantew, ne nkɔmmɔbɔ bɛkyɛ sen sɛnea wɔhwɛɛ kwan. Sɛ nhwɛso no, bere a ebia w’adamfo no ba no rehuruhuruw bere a wadi asram asia no, akokoaa a ɔwɔ saa tebea yi betumi agye bere tenten. Nanso, wɔ akyɛde yi nyinaa akyi no, mmofra yi taa yɛ dɛ paa, wɔn ani gye, na wɔne afoforo bɔ. Sɛ wɔserew na wɔkasa a, wɔda ɔdɔ adi kɛse.

Eyi fi awosu mu nsakrae bi, na mprempren wonnya aduru biara. Ɛwom sɛ nnipa dodow no ara a wɔwɔ Cohen Syndrome no tra ase sɛnea ɛsɛ de, nanso wobehia mmoa bi wɔ wɔn nkwa nna nyinaa mu.

Tebea yi a wɔfrɛ no Cohen Syndrome abu so dɛn?

Nokwarem no, Cohen Syndrome nyɛ tebea a ɛtaa ba. Nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi kyerɛ sɛ nnipa nnu 1,000 na wɔahu sɛ wɔwɔ saa yare no wɔ wiase nyinaa. Nanso esiane sɛ wɔtaa nhu tebea no yiye nti, ebia dodow ankasa no bɛboro saa koraa. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ wohu tebea horow yi.

Dɛn ne Cohen Syndrome ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

Nsɛnkyerɛnne ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya Cohen Syndrome. Ɛho hia sɛ yɛkae sɛ ɛnyɛ obiara na obenya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no nyinaa. Momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw a yebetumi ahu:

  • Adwene mu nkɔso ho haw: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ egye bere kakra ansa na wɔasua nneɛma na wɔate ase. Ebia wubehia mmoa foforo wɔ sukuu dwumadi mu.
  • Ntini mu mmerɛwyɛ (hypotonia): Ɛyɛ mmerɛwyɛ anaasɛ nipadua no a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Wobetumi ate eyi nka bere a wɔama akokoaa so mpo no.
  • Hypermobility: Nkwaa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw dodo. Mmofra binom betumi akotow wɔn akwaa wɔ akwan a ɛyɛ nwonwa so.
  • Myopia (nearsightedness) a ɛkɔ soro bere a obi nyin no: Sɛ wuhu nneɛma bɛn nanso wunhu nneɛma a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri pefee. Eyi kɔ soro bere a obi nyin no, enti ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu daa.
  • Retinal dystrophy anaa chorioretinitis: Aniwa no fã a ɛboa ma wohu ade no sɛe. Eyi betumi ama obi ntumi nhu ade nkakrankakra.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a nkokoaa a wɔawo wɔn foforo tumi hu

Ebia wubehu nneɛma a ɛte sɛɛ wɔ nkokoaa a wɔawo wɔn foforo mu:

  • Ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛma akokoaa no nufu: Ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛma akokoaa no nufu.
  • Su a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaa nea ano yɛ den: Akokoaa no su betumi ayɛ soronko, na ayɛ mmerɛw sen sɛnea ɔtaa yɛ no.
  • Ɔhome mu haw: Ɛyɛ den ma akokoaa no sɛ ɔbɛhome.
  • Ɛyɛ den sɛ obi mu duru bɛkɔ soro: Akokoaa no mu duru nkɔ soro sɛnea ɛsɛ.

Nea ɛho hia yiye: Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo ba no sɛ ɔbɛhome anaasɛ ɛte sɛ nea ɔreyɛ bruu a, frɛ 119 anaa wo mpɔtam hɔ nɔma a egye ntɛmpɛ ntɛm ara na fa no kɔ ayaresabea.

Nkɔso a ɛkyɛ ne nneyɛe

Ebia mmofra behia bere pii de asua ade na wɔanya nkɔso asen afoforo a wɔne wɔn bɔ tipɛn. Saa nkɔso a ɛkyɛ yi betumi afi ase ntɛm ara wɔ nkokoaabere mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia nneɛma te sɛ nea wɔbɛbɔ wɔn ho akɔneaba ne wɔn ankasa a wɔbɛtra ase no bɛkyɛ. Ebia wo ba no befi ase anantew bere a wadi mfe 2 akyi, nanso ansa na wadi mfe 5. Ebia ebegye bere kakra nso ansa na wɔafi ase abɔ nkɔmmɔ.

Ɛwom sɛ tebea yi betumi de nneyɛe mu nsɛnnennen bi aba de , nanso sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, mmofra dodow no ara ne afoforo bɔ kɛse na wɔn ani gye. Wɔn ani gye ho sɛ wɔne afoforo bɛbɔ fekuw na wɔadi agoru.

Nanso kae sɛ, saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mma abofra biara so wɔ ɔkwan koro so. Ebia mmofra binom rennya saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi nyinaa.

Dɛn ne nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya Cohen Syndrome?

Anim ne nipadua mu nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a wɔtaa hu wɔ mmofra a wɔwɔ Cohen Syndrome mu. Eyinom bi da adi bere a wɔawo wɔn, na afoforo nso da adi bere a wɔrenyin no.

Anim a ɛwɔ anim:

  • Microcephaly: Ti a ɛyɛ ketewaa sen sɛnea ɛte daa.
  • Nwi a ɛyɛ den, aniwa a ɛyɛ den, ne aniwa atenten.
  • Aniwa a ɛsensɛn fam (asorɔkye a ɛte sɛ nsateaa mu mpaapaemu): Aniwa no anim yɛ nea ɛte sɛ asorɔkye.
  • Hwene ano a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa.
  • Ɔkwan tiaa a ɛda hwene ne anofafa a ɛwɔ soro (philtrum) ntam.
  • Nse a ɛwɔ soro a ɛpuepue.
  • Aso akɛse.

Saa su ahorow yi bi da adi kɛse bere a abofra no nyin, mpɛn pii no bere a wadi mfe 5 akyi no.

Nipadua mu su afoforo:

Nea ɛka ho no, nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo betumi ada adi wɔ mmofraase ne akyi. Eyinom bi ne:

  • Srade a ɛnteɛ wɔ dua no fã ne akwaa a ɛyɛ teateaa: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ nipadua no mfinimfini fã (a atwa yafunu no ho ahyia) no yɛ kɛse na akwaa no yɛ teateaa.
  • Ɔyɛ tiaa.
  • Mmabunbere a ɛkyɛ.
  • Mmarimaa mu mmadwoa a ɛnsiane.
  • Akyi berɛmo no a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa (scoliosis anaa kyphosis).

Tebea afoforo bɛn na ebetumi aba wɔ Cohen Syndrome ho?

Mmofra a wɔahu sɛ wɔwɔ Cohen Syndrome no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya tebea afoforo a ɛka wɔn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no. Ɛho hia sɛ wuhu eyinom nso.

  • Neutropenia: Eyi yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa (a wɔfrɛ no neutrophils) bi a ɛso tew wɔ nipadua no mu. Saa neutrophils yi ko tia mmoawa ne nyarewa a ɛhyɛn yɛn nipadua mu. Enti sɛ eyinom sua a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ yɛbɛyare. Yebetumi anya atiridiinini, atiridiinini, ne nyarewa afoforo mpɛn pii.
  • Tebea horow a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ nipadua no ankasa nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no tow hyɛ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu so. Fa no sɛ yɛn ankasa asraafo a wɔreto ahyɛ yɛn so. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ne asikreyare , thyroid yare, ne celiac yare (protein gluten ho akisikuru).

Dɛn na ɛde Cohen Syndrome ba?

Cohen Syndrome fi nsakrae a ɛba VPS13B awosu mu abɔde (a wɔsan frɛ no COH1 awosu mu abɔde) mu . Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛyɛ sintɔ bi a ɛwɔ awosu mu abɔde bi a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu.

Fa no sɛ, wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no yɛwɔ biribi a wɔfrɛ no Golgi mfiri . Ɛte sɛ adwumayɛbea a wɔyɛ protein a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma. Sɛ wɔyɛ protein foforo a, yɛn nipadua no de nneɛma a wɔde yɛ no kɔ Golgi mfiri no mu, na ɛhɔ yɛ nsakrae bi na wɔde ka protein afoforo a ɛte saa ara ho de hyehyɛ mu. Sɛ wɔyɛ nsakrae ahorow yi wie a, Golgi mfiri no boaboa protein ahorow no ano ne wɔn akwankyerɛ na ɛde kɔ baabi a ɛfata.

VPS13B awosu mu abɔde no yɛ glycosylation , a ɛyɛ ɔkwan a asikre molecule ahorow fa so bata protein ahorow ho no pɔtee. Ɛboa nso ma wɔhyehyɛ na wɔde nsɛnkyerɛnne kɔma ntini ne srade nkwammoaa (adipocytes) .

Enti, sɛ nsakrae ba VPS13B gene no mu a, ɛte sɛ nea saa adwumayɛbea no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ entumi nyɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ papa. Ɛno na ɛde Cohen Syndrome ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ba.

So Cohen Syndrome fi awosu mu?

Yiw, Cohen Syndrome yɛ tebea a wonya fi awo mu. Wɔde tebea no kɔ nipadua no mu wɔ autosomal recessive nhyehyɛe mu.. Sɛ ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra sɛ wobɛte eyi ase a, susuw ho saa kwan yi so: Abofra nya tebea no bere a onya awosu mu nkwaadɔm a asɛe a ɛde ba no mfonini abien (baako fi wɔn maame hɔ na biako fi wɔn papa hɔ). Awofo a wɔwoo wɔn no betumi ayɛ awosu mu abɔde no kurafo. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ wonni tebea no efisɛ wɔwɔ awosu mu abɔde no mfonini biako pɛ a asɛe. Mfonini foforo no yɛ nea ahoɔden wom. Nanso, sɛ nnipa baanu a wɔsoa nneɛma bom a, hokwan wɔ hɔ sɛ wɔn ba no benya tebea no.

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse ma eyi?

Cohen Syndrome betumi aka obiara. Nanso, tebea no abu so kɛse wɔ nnipa akuw bi mu. Nhwɛsoɔ:

  • Amishfo nkurɔfo
  • Finlandfo a wɔyɛ nnipa
  • Nnipa a wofi Helafo (Mediterranea) abusua mu
  • Nnipa a wofi Ireland

Ɛwom sɛ eyi nyɛ ade titiriw saa mma yɛn wɔ Sri Lanka de, nanso eye sɛ yebehu.

Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen a ebetumi afi Cohen Syndrome mu aba?

Cohen Syndrome betumi de nsɛnnennen a edidi so yi aba:

  • Nyarewa a ɛtaa ba, te sɛ aso mfinimfini yare (otitis media) (esiane sɛ nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa a ɛba fam esiane neutropenia nti) .
  • Nsõ ne anom akwahosan ho haw ahorow te sɛ gingivitis ne canker akuru .
  • Aniwa ho haw a ɛrenya nkɔanim .
  • Adwene mu dɛmdi wɔ gyinabea ahorow.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ ɔwɔ Cohen Syndrome?

Oduruyɛfo betumi ahu Cohen Syndrome bere a wɔayɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu ne nhwehwɛmu afoforo akyi. Sɛ́ ɔwofo no, sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ba no ntumi nkɔ nkɔso mu nsɛntitiriw a ɛfata ne mfe (e.g., ɔnserew, ɔnyɛ nnyigyei ho biribi, ɔrenhuruhuruw, ɔnkasa te sɛ mmofra afoforo) a, kɔ wo ba no duruyɛfo nkyɛn. Eyi betumi ayɛ tebea no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wobehu Cohen Syndrome efisɛ ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow betumi ayɛ te sɛ tebea afoforo pii. Nhwehwɛmu betumi aboa wo duruyɛfo ma wabu saa tebea horow yi. Awosu mu mogya mu nhwehwɛmu betumi ahu awosu mu nsakrae a ɛde saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ba.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa Cohen Syndrome?

Mprempren wonni aduru biara a wɔde sa Cohen Syndrome. Ayaresa no atirimpɔw titiriw ne sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so na wɔaboa abofra no ma watra ase yiye sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye biara. Ebia eyi bi ne:

  • Nkyerɛkyerɛ nhyehyɛe a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu ntɛm: Nhyehyɛe titiriw a ɛboa abofra ma onyin na osua ade.
  • Adwuma mu ayaresa: Ayaresa a ɛboa wo ma woyɛ da biara da nnwuma (te sɛ adidi, ntadehyɛ, ne agodie) a wode wo ho.
  • Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ: Ayaresa a ɛboa ma nipadua no kankan ne ntini ahoɔden tu mpɔn. Eyi ho hia yiye ma hypotonia.
  • Ɔkasa mu ayaresa: Ayaresa a ɛboa ma obi tumi kasa na ɔne afoforo di nkitaho.
  • Ahwehwɛ a wɔhyɛ anaasɛ ntetee a wɔde ma a wontumi nhu ade yiye.

Wɔtaa de aduru bi a wɔfrɛ no Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) a wɔde gu nipadua no honam ani yare ntini mu yare a ɛbata Cohen Syndrome ho . Eyi kanyan nnompe mu ntini no ma ɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa pii, na ɛtew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya ɔyare mmoawa no so.

Sɛ wo ba no taa nya ɔyare mmoawa a, oduruyɛfo no bɛkyerɛw nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ama no de asa no sɛnea ɛho hia.

Dɛn ne obi a ɔwɔ Cohen Syndrome nkwa nna?

Esiane sɛ Cohen Syndrome nyɛ tebea a ɛtaa ba nti, adanse a ɛdɔɔso nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea ɛka obi nkwa nna pɛpɛɛpɛ. Bere a nnipa pii a wɔwɔ yare no tra nkwa nna a ɛfata mu no, ɛnyɛ obiara na ɛte saa. Eyi betumi aka nkwa nna, titiriw sɛ wo ba no wɔ tebea afoforo a ɛka nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa (te sɛ ɔyare mmoawa a wɔtaa nya, a emu yɛ den) a.

Dɛn ne Cohen Syndrome ho nkɔmhyɛ?

Cohen Syndrome betumi aka wo ba no asetra mu nneɛma pii. Nanso, sɛ wɔsa wɔn yare yiye na wofi ɔdɔ mu hwɛ wɔn a, ɛda adi sɛ wobenya nkɔmhyɛ pa.

Oduruyɛfo no bɛkamfo ayaresa ahorow a wɔayɛ ama wɔn yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne akyerɛ. Eyinom betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ onipa biara ho. Mpɛn pii no, nea ɛka ayaresa ho ne ayaresa ne nkyerɛkyerɛ nhyehyɛe ahorow. Eyinom boa abofra no ma odu nkɔso mu nneɛma atitiriw a ɛfata ne mfe ho.

Ebia wo ba no benya aniwa mu haw ne ne sẽ mu nsɛnnennen. Eyinom taa fi ase bere a wodu sukuu mfe mu no. Enti, kɔ soaniwa ho ɔbenfo , nsensan ho oduruyɛfo, ne akwahosan ho adwumayɛfo afoforo a wɔkamfo kyerɛ nkyɛn kɔhwɛ wɔn yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne bere a wɔrenyin no.

So wobetumi asiw Cohen Syndrome ano?

Esiane sɛ Cohen Syndrome yɛ awosu mu yare nti, ɔkwan biara nni hɔ a wɔbɛfa so asiw ano . Sɛ woreyɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wobɛhyɛ abusua ase, na obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu wɔ saa awosu mu tebea yi, anaasɛ wopɛ sɛ wuhu asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobɛwo abofra a ɔwɔ awosu mu tebea te sɛ Cohen Syndrome a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wo ne wo nyinsɛn hwɛfo anaa akwahosan ho ɔyaresafo kasa fa awosu mu nhwehwɛmu/afotu ho

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ́ obi a ɔhwɛ wo ba no, wunim no yiye. Sɛ wuhu biribi a ɛyɛ soronko anaa ɛyɛ soronko wɔ ne nyin anaa ne nkɔso mu a, kɔ ne duruyɛfo nkyɛn. Nsuro sɛ wobɛka ho asɛm, sɛ ɛyɛ ade ketewaa bi mpo a.

Hwɛ wo ba no nkɔso mu nsɛntitiriw yiye . Ɛtaa ba sɛ mmofra a wɔahu sɛ wɔwɔ Cohen Syndrome no gye bere tenten ansa na wɔadu nsɛntitiriw te sɛ nea wɔdannan wɔn ho na wɔka wɔn nsɛm a edi kan no ho. Wo duruyɛfo betumi akyerɛ wo kwan wɔ sɛnea wobɛboa wo ba no wɔ saa bere yi mu.

Putupuru! Sɛ wo ba no rehom haw, anaasɛ ne honam ani yɛ bruu anaa bruu ne ne nnadewa a, frɛ adwumayɛfo a wɔhwɛ ntɛmpɛ so ntɛm ara.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

Sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo no rekasa afa wo ba no ho a, ebetumi aboa sɛ wubebisa nsɛm te sɛ eyinom:

  • Sɛ me ba no nni nkɔso mu nneɛma atitiriw bi a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ?
  • Nsɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ yiye?
  • Ayaresa ahorow bɛn na wokamfo kyerɛ?
  • So ayaresa no mu nsunsuanso bɔne bi wɔ hɔ?
  • Mɛyɛ dɛn aboa me ba ma wadi yiye wɔ sukuu mu?
  • So awofo akuw anaa ahyehyɛde afoforo wɔ hɔ a yebetumi akɔ wɔn nkyɛn akɔhwehwɛ mmoa?

So Cohen Syndrome no yɛ Autism?

Dabi, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)yare a ɛma ntini mu ntini nyin . Cohen Syndrome yɛ awosu mu yare. Abien no nyɛ ade koro. Nanso, mmofra pii a wɔahu sɛ wɔwɔ Cohen Syndrome no betumi anya sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛte sɛ autism (ASD) (e.g., asetra mu nsɛnnennen, nneyɛe a wɔtaa yɛ), anaasɛ wobetumi anya ASD a ɛka Cohen Syndrome ho. Oduruyɛfo betumi akyerɛkyerɛ eyi mu pefee.

Awiei koraa no, nea ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte adwennwen ne awerɛhow nka bere a wo ba no ntumi nkɔ nneɛma atitiriw bi mu wɔ ne mfe ho no. Ebetumi ayɛ adwennwen kɛse mpo bere a nnuruyɛfo yɛ nhwehwɛmu de hu nea ɛrekɔ so no. Nanso, ɛwom sɛ Cohen Syndrome yɛ yare a ɛntaa nsi de, nanso nnuruyɛfo resua tebea no ne sɛnea wobedi ho dwuma da biara da ho ade pii.

Nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu ntɛm betumi aboa wo ba no ma wadu ne nkɔso botae ahorow ho, sɛ egye bere kakra sen afoforo a wɔn mfe akɔ anim mpo a. Esiane sɛ Cohen Syndrome nso betumi aka abofra adwene mu tumi nti, wobehia wo dɔ, mmoa, ne mmoa wɔ wɔn nkwa nna nyinaa mu.

Mma nte nka da sɛ wo nkutoo na wowɔ.Nnuruyɛfo, ayaresa ho animdefo, ne akuw afoforo a wɔboa wo wɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛboa wo ne wo ba no. Bisa wo nsɛm, ka wo nkate. Yɛpɛ sɛ wunya ahoɔden de ma wo ba nea eye sen biara!


` Cohen Syndrome, Awosu mu Nyarewa, Nkɔso a Ɛkyɛ, Mmofra Akwahosan, Neutropenia, Microcephaly, Hypotonia

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Wɔnnya nyɛɛ nsɛm biara. Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho wɔ ha nea edi kan.

Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho

Yɛsrɛ wo bu akontaa: 8 + 6 =
So wo ba no wɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi? Momma yensua Cohen Syndrome ho ade.

So wo ba no wɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi? Momma yensua Cohen Syndrome ho ade.

So woasusuw nea enti a ɛsono mmofra binom nneyɛe na wɔn nyin sen afoforo no ho pɛn? Ɛtɔ da bi a, nneɛma nketenkete mpo betumi anya asɛm kɛse bi wɔ akyi. Ɛnnɛ, yɛrebɛka awosu mu tebea bi a ɛka nneɛma pii wɔ mmofra mu, te sɛ wɔn honam ani hwɛbea, wɔn nyin, ne wɔn ntini ahoɔden ho asɛm. Wɔfrɛ saa tebea yi Cohen Syndrome.

Dɛn ne Cohen Syndrome?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, Cohen Syndrome yɛ tebea a awosu mu nsakrae na ɛde ba. Ebetumi aka nipadua no afã horow pii, a nea ɛka ho ne anisoadehu, mmofra nyin, ntini a ɛyɛ den, ne adwene mu tumi. Ebetumi nso de nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ ti ketewaa, ti nhwi a ɛyɛ den, ne ne tenten a ɛyɛ tiaa aba.

Mmofra a wɔwo wɔn a wɔwɔ saa tebea yi no nkɔso kyɛ . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia nneɛma te sɛ nea wobɛhuruhuruw, nantew, ne nkɔmmɔbɔ bɛkyɛ sen sɛnea wɔhwɛɛ kwan. Sɛ nhwɛso no, bere a ebia w’adamfo no ba no rehuruhuruw bere a wadi asram asia no, akokoaa a ɔwɔ saa tebea yi betumi agye bere tenten. Nanso, wɔ akyɛde yi nyinaa akyi no, mmofra yi taa yɛ dɛ paa, wɔn ani gye, na wɔne afoforo bɔ. Sɛ wɔserew na wɔkasa a, wɔda ɔdɔ adi kɛse.

Eyi fi awosu mu nsakrae bi, na mprempren wonnya aduru biara. Ɛwom sɛ nnipa dodow no ara a wɔwɔ Cohen Syndrome no tra ase sɛnea ɛsɛ de, nanso wobehia mmoa bi wɔ wɔn nkwa nna nyinaa mu.

Tebea yi a wɔfrɛ no Cohen Syndrome abu so dɛn?

Nokwarem no, Cohen Syndrome nyɛ tebea a ɛtaa ba. Nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi kyerɛ sɛ nnipa nnu 1,000 na wɔahu sɛ wɔwɔ saa yare no wɔ wiase nyinaa. Nanso esiane sɛ wɔtaa nhu tebea no yiye nti, ebia dodow ankasa no bɛboro saa koraa. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ wohu tebea horow yi.

Dɛn ne Cohen Syndrome ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

Nsɛnkyerɛnne ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya Cohen Syndrome. Ɛho hia sɛ yɛkae sɛ ɛnyɛ obiara na obenya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no nyinaa. Momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw a yebetumi ahu:

  • Adwene mu nkɔso ho haw: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ egye bere kakra ansa na wɔasua nneɛma na wɔate ase. Ebia wubehia mmoa foforo wɔ sukuu dwumadi mu.
  • Ntini mu mmerɛwyɛ (hypotonia): Ɛyɛ mmerɛwyɛ anaasɛ nipadua no a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Wobetumi ate eyi nka bere a wɔama akokoaa so mpo no.
  • Hypermobility: Nkwaa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw dodo. Mmofra binom betumi akotow wɔn akwaa wɔ akwan a ɛyɛ nwonwa so.
  • Myopia (nearsightedness) a ɛkɔ soro bere a obi nyin no: Sɛ wuhu nneɛma bɛn nanso wunhu nneɛma a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri pefee. Eyi kɔ soro bere a obi nyin no, enti ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ aniwa mu nhwehwɛmu daa.
  • Retinal dystrophy anaa chorioretinitis: Aniwa no fã a ɛboa ma wohu ade no sɛe. Eyi betumi ama obi ntumi nhu ade nkakrankakra.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a nkokoaa a wɔawo wɔn foforo tumi hu

Ebia wubehu nneɛma a ɛte sɛɛ wɔ nkokoaa a wɔawo wɔn foforo mu:

  • Ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛma akokoaa no nufu: Ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛma akokoaa no nufu.
  • Su a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaa nea ano yɛ den: Akokoaa no su betumi ayɛ soronko, na ayɛ mmerɛw sen sɛnea ɔtaa yɛ no.
  • Ɔhome mu haw: Ɛyɛ den ma akokoaa no sɛ ɔbɛhome.
  • Ɛyɛ den sɛ obi mu duru bɛkɔ soro: Akokoaa no mu duru nkɔ soro sɛnea ɛsɛ.

Nea ɛho hia yiye: Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo ba no sɛ ɔbɛhome anaasɛ ɛte sɛ nea ɔreyɛ bruu a, frɛ 119 anaa wo mpɔtam hɔ nɔma a egye ntɛmpɛ ntɛm ara na fa no kɔ ayaresabea.

Nkɔso a ɛkyɛ ne nneyɛe

Ebia mmofra behia bere pii de asua ade na wɔanya nkɔso asen afoforo a wɔne wɔn bɔ tipɛn. Saa nkɔso a ɛkyɛ yi betumi afi ase ntɛm ara wɔ nkokoaabere mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia nneɛma te sɛ nea wɔbɛbɔ wɔn ho akɔneaba ne wɔn ankasa a wɔbɛtra ase no bɛkyɛ. Ebia wo ba no befi ase anantew bere a wadi mfe 2 akyi, nanso ansa na wadi mfe 5. Ebia ebegye bere kakra nso ansa na wɔafi ase abɔ nkɔmmɔ.

Ɛwom sɛ tebea yi betumi de nneyɛe mu nsɛnnennen bi aba de , nanso sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, mmofra dodow no ara ne afoforo bɔ kɛse na wɔn ani gye. Wɔn ani gye ho sɛ wɔne afoforo bɛbɔ fekuw na wɔadi agoru.

Nanso kae sɛ, saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi mma abofra biara so wɔ ɔkwan koro so. Ebia mmofra binom rennya saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi nyinaa.

Dɛn ne nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya Cohen Syndrome?

Anim ne nipadua mu nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a wɔtaa hu wɔ mmofra a wɔwɔ Cohen Syndrome mu. Eyinom bi da adi bere a wɔawo wɔn, na afoforo nso da adi bere a wɔrenyin no.

Anim a ɛwɔ anim:

  • Microcephaly: Ti a ɛyɛ ketewaa sen sɛnea ɛte daa.
  • Nwi a ɛyɛ den, aniwa a ɛyɛ den, ne aniwa atenten.
  • Aniwa a ɛsensɛn fam (asorɔkye a ɛte sɛ nsateaa mu mpaapaemu): Aniwa no anim yɛ nea ɛte sɛ asorɔkye.
  • Hwene ano a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa.
  • Ɔkwan tiaa a ɛda hwene ne anofafa a ɛwɔ soro (philtrum) ntam.
  • Nse a ɛwɔ soro a ɛpuepue.
  • Aso akɛse.

Saa su ahorow yi bi da adi kɛse bere a abofra no nyin, mpɛn pii no bere a wadi mfe 5 akyi no.

Nipadua mu su afoforo:

Nea ɛka ho no, nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo betumi ada adi wɔ mmofraase ne akyi. Eyinom bi ne:

  • Srade a ɛnteɛ wɔ dua no fã ne akwaa a ɛyɛ teateaa: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ nipadua no mfinimfini fã (a atwa yafunu no ho ahyia) no yɛ kɛse na akwaa no yɛ teateaa.
  • Ɔyɛ tiaa.
  • Mmabunbere a ɛkyɛ.
  • Mmarimaa mu mmadwoa a ɛnsiane.
  • Akyi berɛmo no a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa (scoliosis anaa kyphosis).

Tebea afoforo bɛn na ebetumi aba wɔ Cohen Syndrome ho?

Mmofra a wɔahu sɛ wɔwɔ Cohen Syndrome no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ wobenya tebea afoforo a ɛka wɔn nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no. Ɛho hia sɛ wuhu eyinom nso.

  • Neutropenia: Eyi yɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa (a wɔfrɛ no neutrophils) bi a ɛso tew wɔ nipadua no mu. Saa neutrophils yi ko tia mmoawa ne nyarewa a ɛhyɛn yɛn nipadua mu. Enti sɛ eyinom sua a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ yɛbɛyare. Yebetumi anya atiridiinini, atiridiinini, ne nyarewa afoforo mpɛn pii.
  • Tebea horow a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ nipadua no ankasa nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no tow hyɛ nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ apɔwmuden a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu so. Fa no sɛ yɛn ankasa asraafo a wɔreto ahyɛ yɛn so. Nhwɛso ahorow bi ne asikreyare , thyroid yare, ne celiac yare (protein gluten ho akisikuru).

Dɛn na ɛde Cohen Syndrome ba?

Cohen Syndrome fi nsakrae a ɛba VPS13B awosu mu abɔde (a wɔsan frɛ no COH1 awosu mu abɔde) mu . Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛyɛ sintɔ bi a ɛwɔ awosu mu abɔde bi a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu.

Fa no sɛ, wɔ yɛn nipadua mu no yɛwɔ biribi a wɔfrɛ no Golgi mfiri . Ɛte sɛ adwumayɛbea a wɔyɛ protein a wɔde kyekyere nneɛma. Sɛ wɔyɛ protein foforo a, yɛn nipadua no de nneɛma a wɔde yɛ no kɔ Golgi mfiri no mu, na ɛhɔ yɛ nsakrae bi na wɔde ka protein afoforo a ɛte saa ara ho de hyehyɛ mu. Sɛ wɔyɛ nsakrae ahorow yi wie a, Golgi mfiri no boaboa protein ahorow no ano ne wɔn akwankyerɛ na ɛde kɔ baabi a ɛfata.

VPS13B awosu mu abɔde no yɛ glycosylation , a ɛyɛ ɔkwan a asikre molecule ahorow fa so bata protein ahorow ho no pɔtee. Ɛboa nso ma wɔhyehyɛ na wɔde nsɛnkyerɛnne kɔma ntini ne srade nkwammoaa (adipocytes) .

Enti, sɛ nsakrae ba VPS13B gene no mu a, ɛte sɛ nea saa adwumayɛbea no ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ entumi nyɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ papa. Ɛno na ɛde Cohen Syndrome ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ba.

So Cohen Syndrome fi awosu mu?

Yiw, Cohen Syndrome yɛ tebea a wonya fi awo mu. Wɔde tebea no kɔ nipadua no mu wɔ autosomal recessive nhyehyɛe mu.. Sɛ ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ den kakra sɛ wobɛte eyi ase a, susuw ho saa kwan yi so: Abofra nya tebea no bere a onya awosu mu nkwaadɔm a asɛe a ɛde ba no mfonini abien (baako fi wɔn maame hɔ na biako fi wɔn papa hɔ). Awofo a wɔwoo wɔn no betumi ayɛ awosu mu abɔde no kurafo. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ wonni tebea no efisɛ wɔwɔ awosu mu abɔde no mfonini biako pɛ a asɛe. Mfonini foforo no yɛ nea ahoɔden wom. Nanso, sɛ nnipa baanu a wɔsoa nneɛma bom a, hokwan wɔ hɔ sɛ wɔn ba no benya tebea no.

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse ma eyi?

Cohen Syndrome betumi aka obiara. Nanso, tebea no abu so kɛse wɔ nnipa akuw bi mu. Nhwɛsoɔ:

  • Amishfo nkurɔfo
  • Finlandfo a wɔyɛ nnipa
  • Nnipa a wofi Helafo (Mediterranea) abusua mu
  • Nnipa a wofi Ireland

Ɛwom sɛ eyi nyɛ ade titiriw saa mma yɛn wɔ Sri Lanka de, nanso eye sɛ yebehu.

Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen a ebetumi afi Cohen Syndrome mu aba?

Cohen Syndrome betumi de nsɛnnennen a edidi so yi aba:

  • Nyarewa a ɛtaa ba, te sɛ aso mfinimfini yare (otitis media) (esiane sɛ nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa a ɛba fam esiane neutropenia nti) .
  • Nsõ ne anom akwahosan ho haw ahorow te sɛ gingivitis ne canker akuru .
  • Aniwa ho haw a ɛrenya nkɔanim .
  • Adwene mu dɛmdi wɔ gyinabea ahorow.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ ɔwɔ Cohen Syndrome?

Oduruyɛfo betumi ahu Cohen Syndrome bere a wɔayɛ nipadua mu nhwehwɛmu ne nhwehwɛmu afoforo akyi. Sɛ́ ɔwofo no, sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ba no ntumi nkɔ nkɔso mu nsɛntitiriw a ɛfata ne mfe (e.g., ɔnserew, ɔnyɛ nnyigyei ho biribi, ɔrenhuruhuruw, ɔnkasa te sɛ mmofra afoforo) a, kɔ wo ba no duruyɛfo nkyɛn. Eyi betumi ayɛ tebea no ho sɛnkyerɛnne a edi kan.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wobehu Cohen Syndrome efisɛ ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow betumi ayɛ te sɛ tebea afoforo pii. Nhwehwɛmu betumi aboa wo duruyɛfo ma wabu saa tebea horow yi. Awosu mu mogya mu nhwehwɛmu betumi ahu awosu mu nsakrae a ɛde saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ba.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa Cohen Syndrome?

Mprempren wonni aduru biara a wɔde sa Cohen Syndrome. Ayaresa no atirimpɔw titiriw ne sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so na wɔaboa abofra no ma watra ase yiye sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ yiye biara. Ebia eyi bi ne:

  • Nkyerɛkyerɛ nhyehyɛe a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu ntɛm: Nhyehyɛe titiriw a ɛboa abofra ma onyin na osua ade.
  • Adwuma mu ayaresa: Ayaresa a ɛboa wo ma woyɛ da biara da nnwuma (te sɛ adidi, ntadehyɛ, ne agodie) a wode wo ho.
  • Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ: Ayaresa a ɛboa ma nipadua no kankan ne ntini ahoɔden tu mpɔn. Eyi ho hia yiye ma hypotonia.
  • Ɔkasa mu ayaresa: Ayaresa a ɛboa ma obi tumi kasa na ɔne afoforo di nkitaho.
  • Ahwehwɛ a wɔhyɛ anaasɛ ntetee a wɔde ma a wontumi nhu ade yiye.

Wɔtaa de aduru bi a wɔfrɛ no Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) a wɔde gu nipadua no honam ani yare ntini mu yare a ɛbata Cohen Syndrome ho . Eyi kanyan nnompe mu ntini no ma ɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa pii, na ɛtew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya ɔyare mmoawa no so.

Sɛ wo ba no taa nya ɔyare mmoawa a, oduruyɛfo no bɛkyerɛw nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa ama no de asa no sɛnea ɛho hia.

Dɛn ne obi a ɔwɔ Cohen Syndrome nkwa nna?

Esiane sɛ Cohen Syndrome nyɛ tebea a ɛtaa ba nti, adanse a ɛdɔɔso nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea ɛka obi nkwa nna pɛpɛɛpɛ. Bere a nnipa pii a wɔwɔ yare no tra nkwa nna a ɛfata mu no, ɛnyɛ obiara na ɛte saa. Eyi betumi aka nkwa nna, titiriw sɛ wo ba no wɔ tebea afoforo a ɛka nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa (te sɛ ɔyare mmoawa a wɔtaa nya, a emu yɛ den) a.

Dɛn ne Cohen Syndrome ho nkɔmhyɛ?

Cohen Syndrome betumi aka wo ba no asetra mu nneɛma pii. Nanso, sɛ wɔsa wɔn yare yiye na wofi ɔdɔ mu hwɛ wɔn a, ɛda adi sɛ wobenya nkɔmhyɛ pa.

Oduruyɛfo no bɛkamfo ayaresa ahorow a wɔayɛ ama wɔn yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne akyerɛ. Eyinom betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ onipa biara ho. Mpɛn pii no, nea ɛka ayaresa ho ne ayaresa ne nkyerɛkyerɛ nhyehyɛe ahorow. Eyinom boa abofra no ma odu nkɔso mu nneɛma atitiriw a ɛfata ne mfe ho.

Ebia wo ba no benya aniwa mu haw ne ne sẽ mu nsɛnnennen. Eyinom taa fi ase bere a wodu sukuu mfe mu no. Enti, kɔ soaniwa ho ɔbenfo , nsensan ho oduruyɛfo, ne akwahosan ho adwumayɛfo afoforo a wɔkamfo kyerɛ nkyɛn kɔhwɛ wɔn yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne bere a wɔrenyin no.

So wobetumi asiw Cohen Syndrome ano?

Esiane sɛ Cohen Syndrome yɛ awosu mu yare nti, ɔkwan biara nni hɔ a wɔbɛfa so asiw ano . Sɛ woreyɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wobɛhyɛ abusua ase, na obi a ɔwɔ w’abusua mu wɔ saa awosu mu tebea yi, anaasɛ wopɛ sɛ wuhu asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobɛwo abofra a ɔwɔ awosu mu tebea te sɛ Cohen Syndrome a, ɛho hia yiye sɛ wo ne wo nyinsɛn hwɛfo anaa akwahosan ho ɔyaresafo kasa fa awosu mu nhwehwɛmu/afotu ho

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ́ obi a ɔhwɛ wo ba no, wunim no yiye. Sɛ wuhu biribi a ɛyɛ soronko anaa ɛyɛ soronko wɔ ne nyin anaa ne nkɔso mu a, kɔ ne duruyɛfo nkyɛn. Nsuro sɛ wobɛka ho asɛm, sɛ ɛyɛ ade ketewaa bi mpo a.

Hwɛ wo ba no nkɔso mu nsɛntitiriw yiye . Ɛtaa ba sɛ mmofra a wɔahu sɛ wɔwɔ Cohen Syndrome no gye bere tenten ansa na wɔadu nsɛntitiriw te sɛ nea wɔdannan wɔn ho na wɔka wɔn nsɛm a edi kan no ho. Wo duruyɛfo betumi akyerɛ wo kwan wɔ sɛnea wobɛboa wo ba no wɔ saa bere yi mu.

Putupuru! Sɛ wo ba no rehom haw, anaasɛ ne honam ani yɛ bruu anaa bruu ne ne nnadewa a, frɛ adwumayɛfo a wɔhwɛ ntɛmpɛ so ntɛm ara.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

Sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo no rekasa afa wo ba no ho a, ebetumi aboa sɛ wubebisa nsɛm te sɛ eyinom:

  • Sɛ me ba no nni nkɔso mu nneɛma atitiriw bi a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ?
  • Nsɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ yiye?
  • Ayaresa ahorow bɛn na wokamfo kyerɛ?
  • So ayaresa no mu nsunsuanso bɔne bi wɔ hɔ?
  • Mɛyɛ dɛn aboa me ba ma wadi yiye wɔ sukuu mu?
  • So awofo akuw anaa ahyehyɛde afoforo wɔ hɔ a yebetumi akɔ wɔn nkyɛn akɔhwehwɛ mmoa?

So Cohen Syndrome no yɛ Autism?

Dabi, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)yare a ɛma ntini mu ntini nyin . Cohen Syndrome yɛ awosu mu yare. Abien no nyɛ ade koro. Nanso, mmofra pii a wɔahu sɛ wɔwɔ Cohen Syndrome no betumi anya sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛte sɛ autism (ASD) (e.g., asetra mu nsɛnnennen, nneyɛe a wɔtaa yɛ), anaasɛ wobetumi anya ASD a ɛka Cohen Syndrome ho. Oduruyɛfo betumi akyerɛkyerɛ eyi mu pefee.

Awiei koraa no, nea ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte adwennwen ne awerɛhow nka bere a wo ba no ntumi nkɔ nneɛma atitiriw bi mu wɔ ne mfe ho no. Ebetumi ayɛ adwennwen kɛse mpo bere a nnuruyɛfo yɛ nhwehwɛmu de hu nea ɛrekɔ so no. Nanso, ɛwom sɛ Cohen Syndrome yɛ yare a ɛntaa nsi de, nanso nnuruyɛfo resua tebea no ne sɛnea wobedi ho dwuma da biara da ho ade pii.

Nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu ntɛm betumi aboa wo ba no ma wadu ne nkɔso botae ahorow ho, sɛ egye bere kakra sen afoforo a wɔn mfe akɔ anim mpo a. Esiane sɛ Cohen Syndrome nso betumi aka abofra adwene mu tumi nti, wobehia wo dɔ, mmoa, ne mmoa wɔ wɔn nkwa nna nyinaa mu.

Mma nte nka da sɛ wo nkutoo na wowɔ.Nnuruyɛfo, ayaresa ho animdefo, ne akuw afoforo a wɔboa wo wɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛboa wo ne wo ba no. Bisa wo nsɛm, ka wo nkate. Yɛpɛ sɛ wunya ahoɔden de ma wo ba nea eye sen biara!


` Cohen Syndrome, Awosu mu Nyarewa, Nkɔso a Ɛkyɛ, Mmofra Akwahosan, Neutropenia, Microcephaly, Hypotonia

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

💬 Comments (0)

Wɔnnya nyɛɛ nsɛm biara. Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho wɔ ha nea edi kan.

Fa wo nsɛm no ka ho

Yɛsrɛ wo bu akontaa: 8 + 6 =