Yesusuw sɛ yentumi nsakra nneɛma a yenya fi yɛn awofo hɔ no, ɛnte saa? Ɛnyɛ aniwa kɔla, ti nhwi nwene, honam ani hwɛbea, ne tenten nko, na mmom asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ yebenya nyarewa bi mpo... Yenim sɛ eyi nyinaa fi yɛn awosu mu nkwaadɔm mu. Enti yesusuw sɛ saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi te sɛ biribi a wɔasen wɔ ɔbo mu, ɛnsakra, na yentumi nyɛ ho hwee. Nanso... sɛ wɔka kyerɛ yɛn sɛ yebetumi asesa "ɔkwan" a saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi "fa so "yɛ adwuma" denam yɛn asetra kwan, aduan a yedi, ne nneɛma a yɛyɛ so? Epigenetics ne nyansahu mu ade foforo a ɛyɛ nwonwa sen biara a ɛka eyi ho asɛm.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne Epigenetics?
Ebia eyi bɛyɛ te sɛ nyansahu mu asɛmfua kakra, nanso nokwarem no, adwene no yɛ mmerɛw koraa. Momma yɛnkyekyɛ asɛmfua `Epigenetics` no mu. `Epi` yɛ Hela kasa a ɛkyerɛ "atifi, atwa ho ahyia, abɔnten." `Awosu` yɛ nyansahu a ɛfa awosu mu nneɛma ho. Na `Epigenetics` fa tumidi a ɛwɔ hɔ "wɔ awosu mu nkwaadɔm no atifi" ho.
Susuw ho saa kwan yi so. Wo awosu mu nkwaadɔm te sɛ kanea a ɛwɔ wo fie no. Worentumi nsakra nea saa bɔlɔb ahorow no yɛ anaa baabi a ɛwɔ. Wɔyɛ biribi a wunya fi awo mu. Nanso wowɔ switch a ɛkyerɛ sɛ saa bɔlɔb no asɔ anaasɛ adum. Ebia saa bɔlɔb no wɔ dimmer switch a ɛma ɛsɔ na edum.
Saa ara nso na `Epigenetics` yɛ asɛm a ɛfa nhyehyɛe bi a ɛfa "nnuru nsakrae" a ɛhwɛ sɛ ebia awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu no yɛ adwuma (wɔasɔ/dum), anaasɛ sɛ ebia wɔn dwumadi so tew (wɔayɛ kusuu), a ɛnsakra kanea a wɔfrɛ no awosu mu nkwaadɔm no.
Nneɛma pii na ɛka nnuru a ɛsakra yi so nkɛntɛnso, a nea ɛka ho ne yɛn asetra kwan, aduan a yedi, nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia, ne adwennwen a yehyia. Ɛtɔ da bi a, saa nsakrae yi ye ma yɛn nipadua, na ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban fi nyarewa ho. Mmere foforo nso, ebetumi asɛe yɛn akwahosan.
Momma yɛnkae yɛn ho kakra wɔ nea awosu mu nkwaadɔm ne DNA yɛ ho?
Nea ɛbɛyɛ na yɛate eyi ase no, ma yenni kan nhwɛ awosu mu nkwaadɔm ne DNA mu tiawa.
Susuw wo `DNA` nnidiso nnidiso no nyinaa ho sɛ aduannoa ho nhoma kɛse bi . Akwankyerɛ a wo nipadua mu nkwammoaa biara hia na ama watumi ayɛ n’adwuma yiye no nyinaa wɔ nhoma kɛse yi mu. Nkwammoaa sua nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ne sɛnea wɔyɛ denam ``DNA`` nhoma yi a wɔbɛkenkan`` so.
Nkwammoaa ɔpepepem pii na ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Honam ani nkwammoaa, koma mu nkwammoaa, amemene mu nkwammoaa, ne nea ɛkeka ho. Saa nkwammoaa yi mu biara kura ``DNA'' aduannoa nhoma no nyinaa bi.
Nanso, ɛnyɛ nkwammoaa biara na ɛkenkan nhoma yi nyinaa. Ɛho nhia sɛ ɛyɛ saa. Fa no sɛ, honam ani nkwammoaa nhia akwankyerɛ a efi koma nkwammoaa mu wɔ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ adwuma ho. Sɛnea keeki nhia sambol ho aduannoa ho nyansahyɛ.
Genes ne ankorankoro aduannoa ho nyansahyɛ ahorow a ɛwɔ saa aduannoa ho nhoma kɛse no mu.Ma. Awosu mu abɔde te sɛ nhoma bi ti bi a ɛkyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ adwuma pɔtee bi. Enti, honam ani nkwammoaa bi kenkan akwankyerɛ (awosu mu nkwaadɔm) a ɛfa honam ani no nkutoo. Koma mu nkwammoaa kenkan akwankyerɛ a wɔde ma koma no nkutoo.
Nea `Epigenetics` yɛ ne sɛ ɛsi aduannoa ho nyansahyɛ a ɛsɛ sɛ nkwammoaa biara kenkan ne nea ɛnsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ ho gyinae. Ɛte sɛ nea wode sticker bi ahyɛ aduannoa ho nhoma bi nkratafa bi so a ɛka sɛ "Fa eyi di dwuma mprempren" ne nkratafa afoforo a ɛka sɛ "Nhwɛ eyi mprempren."
Dɛn na enya yɛn Epigenome no so nkɛntɛnso?
`Epigenome` yɛ nhyehyɛe a yɛn awosu mu nkwaadɔm ne `nnuru nsakrae` a ɛhwɛ sɛnea saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm no yɛ adwuma so na ɛyɛ. Adeɛ a ɛho hia ne sɛ saa `epigenome` yi nnyɛ static. Ɛsakra bere kɔ so, ne nneɛma a ɛkɔ so wɔ yɛn asetra mu.
Nneɛma a ɛka nsakrae yi fi ase ansa na wɔawo yɛn mpo. Hwɛ nea wɔyɛ wɔ pon a ɛwɔ ase ha no so.
| Ade a ɛwɔ nkɛntɛnso | Nkyerɛkyerɛmu ne nhwɛso ahorow a ɛnyɛ den |
|---|---|
| Ɛna tebea bere a ɔyem | Nneɛma te sɛ ɛna no aduan, n’adwene mu yiyedi, ne adwennwen a ohyia no betumi aka akokoaa a ɔwɔ awotwaa mu no awosu mu dwumadi. |
| Mmofraberem aduan pa ne osuahu ahorow | Aduan pa, awofo dɔ, ahobammɔ, ne adesua hokwan ahorow a wonya wɔ nkokoaa ne mmofraase no ma wonya epigenetic agyiraehyɛde ahorow a ɛka abofra daakye akwahosan. |
| Adidie | Nnuan a yedi bere a yɛanyinyin, titiriw nnuan a wɔayɛ, anonne a asikre wom, ne nnuan a srade wom no nya nkɛntɛnso bɔne, bere a nnuan a ahoɔden wom te sɛ nhabannuru, nnuaba, ne atoko nya nkɛntɛnso pa. |
| Dwumadie | Sɛ obi yɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a, ebetumi ama awosu mu nkwaadɔm a ɛma akwahosan yɛ adwuma na ama awosu mu nkwaadɔm a enni apɔwmuden no ayɛ komm. |
| Awuduru ne nnuru a ɛwɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia mu | Sɛ obi de ne ho hyɛ kar mu mframa, sigaret wusiw, nnuru te sɛ (BPA) a ɛwɔ plastic, agrochemicals, ne dade a emu yɛ duru te sɛ kɔbere mu a, ebetumi de agyiraehyɛde a epira aka awosu mu nkwaadɔm ho. |
| Ɔbrɛ | Adwennwen a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ no betumi asɛe yɛn nipadua no awosu mu dwumadi na ɛde nyarewa ahorow bi aba. |
| Nsã ne nnubɔne | Nsa, tawa, ne nnubɔne afoforo a wɔnom sɛe yɛn epigenome no tẽẽ. |
Nyarewa bɛn na wobetumi de abata epigenetics ho?
Nyansahufo da so ara reyɛ eyi ho nhwehwɛmu, nanso nea wonim mprempren ne sɛ nsakrae a ɛba epigenetic mu no ne nyarewa ahorow bi wɔ abusuabɔ.
- Kokoram: Fa no sɛ, yɛwɔ awosu mu abɔde bi wɔ yɛn nipadua mu a ɛmma kokoram nkwammoaa nnyin. Nanso sɛ ‘wodum awosu mu abɔde yi’, kyerɛ sɛ, wɔma ɛyɛ komm, esiane asetra kwan bɔne nti a, dɛn na ɛba? Wɔma kokoram nkwammoaa hokwan ma enyin a wontumi nni so.
- Amemene mu nyarewa: Adanse wɔ hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nsakrae a ɛba epigenetic mu no ne nyarewa a efi mfe a obi adi te sɛ Parkinson yare ne Alzheimer yare, ne adwenemyare ne adwene mu dɛmdi bi wɔ abusuabɔ.
- Nneɛma a ɛsakra: Sɛnea yɛn awosu mu nkwaadɔm yɛ adwuma no nya tebea horow te sɛ asikreyare ne kɛseyɛ mmoroso so nkɛntɛnso. Yɛn aduan betumi asakra ɔkwan a saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm yi yɛ adwuma.
- Onyin: Saa ‘epigenetic’ agyiraehyɛde ahorow yi nso ka onyin nhyehyɛe ne nyarewa a ɛbata ho.
- Nyarewa a ɛma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa: Eyinom nso ne `autoimmune` nyarewa te sɛ ayamtu ne ntini mu yare wɔ abusuabɔ, a ɛkyerɛ nyarewa a nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no tow hyɛ n’ankasa nkwammoaa so.
Bere a nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ eyi ho kɔ so no, nyansahufo wɔ anidaso sɛ wobenya nnuru ne ayaresa foforo denam ‘epigenome’ yi a wɔde wɔn ani besi so no so.
Enti so yebetumi asesa yɛn epigenome no ma ayɛ papa?
Yiw, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ebetumi aba!Ɛno ne asɛmpa no. Bere a yentumi nsakra awosu mu nkwaadɔm a yenya fi awo mu no, yebetumi anya ɔkwan a saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm no fa so yɛ adwuma no so nkɛntɛnso pa. Bere a ɔkwan biako biara nni hɔ a yebetumi afa so ayɛ eyi no, nyansahufo gye di sɛ yebetumi ayɛ nsakrae pa wɔ ‘epigenetic’ mu denam nea edidi so yi a yɛbɛyɛ so:
Nneɛma a wubetumi ayɛ ama wo ho
- Di nnuan a ahoɔden wom: Fa nnuan a wɔanoa wɔ fie pii te sɛ nhabannuru, nnuaba, nhaban momono, aburow a wɔayam, ne mpataa ka ho. Tew nnuan a wɔakyekyere, nea wɔayɛ ho adwuma, na asikre pii wom, a srade wom so.
- Fa apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ka wo da biara da dwumadi ho: Yɛ biribi te sɛ nantew, mmirikatu, anaa sakre so anyɛ yiye koraa no simma 30 da biara. Nanso, sɛ woyɛ foforo wɔ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ mu a, ɛho hia sɛ wudi kan ne wo duruyɛfo kasa na ama woahu apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ ko a ɛfata wo.
- To nsa ano hye na kwati sigaretnom koraa: Eyinom yɛ nneɛma a ɛsɛe yɛn `DNA` ne `epigenome` tẽẽ.
- Di adwennwen ho dwuma: Wubetumi atew adwennwen so denam nneɛma te sɛ adwennwen, yoga, nnwom pa a wubetie, anigyede bi a w’ani gye ho a wode wo ho bɛhyɛ mu, ne w’adamfo bi a wowɔ ne mu ahotoso a wobɛka ho asɛm no so.
Sɛ woyɛ ɔwofo a, nneɛma bi a wubetumi ayɛ ama wo ba ni:
Yɛn `epigenome` no nya nsakrae kɛse wɔ nkwa mfe a edi kan no mu, enti ɛho hia sɛ awofo hu eyi.
- Ma wo ba no aduan pa: Kɔ wo mmofra oduruyɛfo nkyɛn wɔ eyi ho.
- Ma wo ba no hokwan ma onsua ade na onni agoru: Wo ne wo ba nkasa, kenkan nhoma, kyerɛkyerɛ nsɛmfua foforo, na fa agode a ɛma n’amemene nyin ma no.
- Yɛ tebea a ɔdɔ wom na ahobammɔ wom: Yɛ tebea bi wɔ fie a abofra no bɛte nka sɛ ɔwɔ ahobammɔ, wɔdɔ no, na wɔhwɛ no.
- Sɛ worehyia nsɛnnennen te sɛ aduan a wonnya nni, adan ho nsɛm, anaa ofie basabasayɛ a, yɛsrɛ wo hwehwɛ mmoa fi oduruyɛfo anaa ɔpanyin a ɔfata hɔ . Wɔbɛkyerɛ wo kwan ma woanya mmoa a wo ne wo mma hia.
Sɛ yɛte adwene a ɛne `Epigenetics` a, yebetumi ate ahodwiriw, anidaso, ne ehu kakra nka wɔ ɔfã biako. Sɛ yɛdwene nea ɛkɔ so wɔ yɛn nipadua mu ho a, mmere bi wɔ hɔ a yɛte nka sɛ saa nneɛma no boro yɛn so. Nanso `Epigenetics` kyerɛkyerɛ yɛn sɛ ɛwom sɛ nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a yentumi nyɛ ho hwee de, nanso yɛwɔ tumi bi a yɛde besi yɛn akwahosan ho gyinae na yɛayɛ nsakrae pa.
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Ɛwom sɛ wuntumi nsakra awosu mu nkwaadɔm a wunya fi w’awofo hɔ de, nanso wubetumi asesa sɛnea wɔdan/dum saa awosu mu nkwaadɔm no.
- Nneɛma te sɛ w’aduan, w’apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, adwennwen, ne tebea a wote mu no nya ɔkwan a w’awosu mu nkwaadɔm yɛ adwuma no so nkɛntɛnso tẽẽ. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ epigenetics.
- Nsakrae yi bi betumi aboa w’akwahosan, na ebi nso betumi ama woanya nyarewa te sɛ kokoram ne asikreyare.
- Aduan a ahoɔden wom a wubedi, apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ, sigaretnom ne nsa a wobɛkwati, ne adwennwen a wubedi ho dwuma no betumi anya w’awosu so nkɛntɛnso pa.
- Aduandi ne ɔhwɛ a mmofra nya, titiriw wɔ wɔn asetra mfiase no nya wɔn daakye akwahosan so nkɛntɛnso bere tenten.
- Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa foforo bi fa eyi ho a, wo ne w’abusua oduruyɛfo nkasa.
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