Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu ne dadwen nka bere a wo duruyɛfo ka kyerɛ wo sɛ w’asaabo ntumi nyɛ adwuma yiye no. Ebia wɔaka akyerɛ wo sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ wo dialysis. Sɛ nnipa pii te saa nsɛm yi a, ɛhaw wɔn, na wontumi nsusuw nea ɛbɛba ho. Nanso sɛ yɛte saa ayaresa kwan yi ase yiye a, wobɛte ase sɛ eyi yɛ ɔkwan a ɛho hia yiye a ebetumi agye wo nkwa. Enti, ɛnnɛ yɛbɛka hemodialysis ho asɛm wɔ nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den mu.
Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne hemodialysis?
Fa w’asaabo ho sɛ super filters abien wɔ yɛn nipadua mu. Wɔyi nwura, awuduru, ne nsu a ɛboro so a yɛmpɛ fi yɛn mogya mu na woyi fi mu sɛ nsu. Nanso sɛ asaabo mu yare mma wontumi nyɛ adwuma yi yiye a, saa awuduru no fi ase boaboa ano wɔ nipadua no mu.
Hemodialysis yɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so tew mogya no ho denam afiri bi a wɔde yi nitrogenous wastes (urea), nneɛma fĩ a efi ntini mu (creatinine), ne acid fi mogya no mu, na ɛsan de mogya a wɔahohoro no kɔ nipadua no mu.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na saa afiri yi tew mogya ho?
Saa afiri a wɔde yi mogya mu yi wɔ afiri titiriw bi a wɔde yi mogya mu. Wɔfrɛ no ‘dialyzer’. Nnipa binom nso frɛ no ‘asaabo a wɔde nsa ayɛ’. Mogya a woyi fi wo nipadua mu no kɔ saa ‘dialyzer’ yi mu. Bere a mogya no sen fa nsukorade a ɛte sɛ ahama a ɛyɛ fɛ yiye a ɛwɔ mu no mu no, nneɛma fĩ ne nsu a ɛboro so a ɛwɔ mogya no mu nkutoo na woyi fi mu.
Wɔboaboa saa nwura yi ano wɔ nsuo soronko bi a wɔfrɛ no ‘dialysate’ mu. Nsu, nkyene, ne anyinam ahoɔden a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden na ɛyɛ eyi. Afei mogya a ɛho tew a wɔayi nwura nyinaa afi hɔ no fa afiri no so san kɔ wo nipadua mu. Woyi ‘dialysate’ nsu a ɛwɔ nneɛma a wɔde gu mu no fi afiri no mu. Fa no sɛ tii a wɔde yiyi tii nhaban na tii no nkutoo na ɛtɔ kuruwa no mu.
Akwan atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ a wɔfa so yɛ hemodialysis:
Wubetumi ne wo duruyɛfo akasa na woasi ɔkwan a eye ma wo ho gyinae.
| Ɔkwan a wɔfa so sa yare | Nkyerɛmu |
|---|---|
| Hemodialysis a wɔyɛ wɔ ayaresabea anaa beae bi (In-center hemodialysis) . | Eyi ne ɔkwan a wɔtaa fa so. Ɛho behia sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea titiriw anaa beae a wɔyɛ dialysis ma eyi. Ɛhɔ no, ɔyarehwɛfo anaa mfiridwuma ho nimdefo a wɔatete no bɛma wo saa ayaresa yi. Mpɛn pii no, ebehia sɛ wokɔ bɛyɛ nnansa dapɛn biara. Nhyiam biara begye bɛyɛ nnɔnhwerew 3-4. |
| Ofie mogya mu nhwehwɛmu | Sɛ ɛba saa a, wubetumi ayɛ saa ayaresa yi wɔ fie. Nanso adapɛn anaa asram kakraa bi ansa na ɛno adu no, ayaresabea no bɛkyerɛ wo sɛnea wobɛyɛ no yiye ne nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ sɛ wohyia ɔhaw bi a. Ɛno akyi no, w’ankasa wubetumi ayɛ no sɛnea ɛfata wo. |
Ofie mogya mu nhwehwɛmu ahorow nso wɔ hɔ.
- Ofie hemodialysis a wɔtaa yɛ: Wɔ saa kwan yi so no, wɔyɛ ayaresa no nnansa dapɛn biara, nnɔnhwerew 3-4 bere koro mu.
- Da biara da homedialysis tiawa: Wobetumi de mfiridwuma foforo ayɛ eyi. Wɔyɛ eyi bɛyɛ nnafua 5-7 dapɛn biara, nanso egye bere tiaa bi pɛ, bɛyɛ nnɔnhwerew abien wɔ bere koro mu.
- Nocturnal home hemodialysis: Wɔyɛ eyi anadwo bere a woada no. Afiri no yɛ adwuma nnɔnhwerew 6-8 bere koro mu, bɛyɛ nnafua 4-6 dapɛn biara. Eyi ma wotumi tew mogya no ho bere tenten, enti eyi nneɛma fĩ fi hɔ yiye sen akwan foforo.
Hena na ohia saa ayaresa yi ankasa?
Sɛ wowɔ asaabo mu yare a emu yɛ den, a wɔfrɛ no End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) , a, ebehia sɛ wɔyɛ wo mogya mu nhwehwɛmu. Afei nso, wɔ obi a ɔretwɛn sɛ wɔde asaabo foforo bɛma no fam no, saa ayaresa yi ho hia na ama watumi atra ase akosi sɛ wɔde asaabo bɛma no.
Ɛho hia sɛ yɛte eyi ase: Hemodialysis nyɛ asaabo mu yare ano aduru. Ɛboa w’asaabo ara kwa ma ɛyɛ adwuma a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ, na ɛboa wo ma wotra ase kyɛ.
Sɛ wɔpow ayaresa a, dɛn na ɛba?
Eyi yɛ asɛmti a ɛyɛ nkate kakra, nanso ɛsɛ sɛ yɛka ho asɛm. Sɛ obi si gyinae sɛ ɔremfi hemodialysis ase, anaasɛ wofi ase na afei ogyae a, awuduru fi ase boaboa ano wɔ mogya no mu. Yɛfrɛ saa tebea yi `(uremia)`. Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, tebea yi di awu. Sɛ woannya ayaresa a, wubetumi atra ase nna anaa adapɛn kakraa bi pɛ.
Eyi yɛ obi ankasa gyinaesi koraa. Nanso, ansa na wubesi gyinae a ɛte saa no, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo ne w’abusua kasa fa nneɛma a ɛhaw wo, wo suro, ne wo nkate ho.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ misiesie me ho ansa na wɔayɛ me aduru?
Ansa na wobefi ase ayɛ hemodialysis, adapɛn kakraa bi anaa ɔsram biako ansa na wɔayɛ no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ahosiesie ketewaa bi. Ɛne sɛ, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ‘akwan’ bi sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobeyi mogya afi nipadua no mu na wɔasan akɔ nipadua no mu bere a wɔreyɛ ayaresa no. Eyi hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ oprehyɛn ketewaa bi.
Akwan titiriw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ a wobɛfa so ayɛ eyi:
- AV fistula (Arteriovenous fistula - AV fistula): Wɔ eyi mu no, oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn de ntini bi ne ntini bi a ɛwɔ wo basa mu bom.
- Arteriovenous graft (AV graft): Sɛ ntini ne ntini a ɛwɔ wo nsa mu no nware sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛka abom a, oduruyɛfo a ɔyɛ oprehyɛn de afiri ketewaa bi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (graft) di dwuma de ka abien no bom.
Saa akwan abien yi nyinaa ma mogya ntini a ɛyɛ den a ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔde nnade bɛhyɛ mu bere a wɔreyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu no. Eyi nso boa ma mogya no kɔ ntɛmntɛm.
Sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wofi ase yɛ hemodialysis mpofirim a, wo duruyɛfo betumi de afiri a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wɔfrɛ no catheter ahyɛ ntini kɛse bi a ɛwɔ wo kɔn, wo moma so, anaa wo nan mu mu bere tiaa bi.
Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wohwɛ wo kwan a wobɛfa so akɔ hɔ no so!
Ɛsɛ sɛ wobu saa mfiri a wode kɔ baabiara a woayɛ yi te sɛ nea ɛyɛ agyapade a ɛsom bo. Sɛ ɛka no anaa sɛe a, wɔrentumi nsa. Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya ɔyare no bi ne:
- Yeaw
- Ɛyaw bere a worepiapia no
- Rehono
- Kɔla a ɛsakra (kɔkɔɔ, fitaa, pink, bruu, anaa tuntum) .
- Huraeɛ
Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na woabɔ kwan a wobɛfa so akɔ hɔ ho ban no, kae nneɛma yi:
- Mfa ɔfã a wotumi kɔ hɔ no hwɛ fam.
- Nhyɛ ntade anaa agude a ɛbɛkyere saa nsa no.
- Mma bag no ahama no nhwe ase wɔ kwan a wɔfa so kɔ hɔ no so.
- Mma kwan mma wɔnhwɛ obi mogya mmoroso anaa wɔnyi mogya mfi abasa a ɛwɔ kwan no mu da.
So ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nsakrae wɔ w’aduan mu?
Yiw, koraa. Nea wudi na wonom no ka sɛnea hemodialysis ayaresa no di yiye no tẽẽ. Nnuan bi ma nneɛma a wɔsɛe no wɔ mogya mu, nsu a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu, mogya mmoroso, ne koma bɔ kɛse. Enti, ɛsɛ sɛ wo ne adwene mu aduan ho ɔbenfo kasa ma ɔyɛ aduan ho nhyehyɛe a ɛfata wo.
Mpɛn pii no, ɛsɛ sɛ woto nnuan ne anonne a saa nneɛma yi wom ano hye.
| Nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔto ano hye | Ntease ne nhwɛso ahorow |
|---|---|
| Potassium a wɔde yɛ nneɛma | Sɛ potassium dodow kɔ soro a, ebia koma no bɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so. Nhwɛso: Banana, avocado, orange, pear, nnuaba a ayow (date, raisins), ɛmo. |
| Phosphorus a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu | Sɛ phosphorus kɔ soro a, nnompe betumi ayɛ mmerɛw na honam ani akisikuru betumi aba. Nhwɛsoɔ: nufusuo ne nufusuo nnuan (yogurt, cheese), akokɔ, soseji, nnuan a wɔde ahyɛ toa mu, atoko, cashews. |
| Sodium - nkyene | Sɛ wudi nkyene pii a, sukɔm de wo kɛse na nsu kɔ so tra wo nipadua mu. Nhwɛso ahorow: nkyene, sauce, ketchup, soup a wɔakyekyere, noodles a wɔayam no ntɛm ara, nnuan a wɔtɔ wɔ sotɔɔ mu. |
Dɛn na ɛba bere a wɔreyɛ ayaresa no?
Ɔyarehwɛfo anaa mfiridwumayɛfo no de nnade abien bɛhyɛ kwan a wɔayɛ wɔ wo basa mu no mu. Nsu biako bɛtwe mogya afi wo nipadua mu de akɔ afiri no mu. Sɛ wɔde dialyzer a ɛwɔ afiri no mu tew mogya no ho wie a, ade foforo no bɛma mogya a ɛho tew no asan akɔ wo nipadua no mu.
Afiri no hwɛ wo mogya mmoroso wɔ ayaresa no nyinaa mu. Afiri no nso tumi ma mogya a ɛsen no kɔ soro anaasɛ ɛso tew sɛnea ɛho hia.
So eyi yɛ yaw?
Wobɛte nka sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo yaw kakra bere a wɔde nnade abien no ahyɛ wo kwan a wobɛfa so akɔ mu no mu no. Nanso, worente ɛyaw biara nka nnɔnhwerew pii wɔ ayaresa no akyi. Nnipa pii kenkan nhoma, hwɛ TV, anaa wɔda saa bere yi mu.
Dɛn nti na eyi regye bere tenten saa?
Asaabo abien a ɛte apɔw kɔ so tew mogya ho nnɔnhwerew 24 da biara, bere a woada mpo no. Afiri a wɔde yɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu ntumi nyɛ saa. Asaabo a ɛte apɔw tew mogya bɛyɛ lita 140 ho da biara. Nanso sɛnea hemodialysis ayaresa no yɛ adwuma yiye no sua koraa. Ɛno nti na anyɛ yiye koraa no ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ no nnɔnhwerew 3-4 wɔ bere koro mu no.
Bere a wɔasa no akyi ne nea ebetumi afi mu aba
Sɛ wɔyɛ ayaresa no wie a, wobeyi nnade no, wɔbɛhohoro baabi a ɛwɔ no, na wɔde plaster apete so. Ɛno akyi no, wubetumi akɔ fie sɛnea wotaa yɛ no.
Nnipa pii te nka sɛ wɔabrɛ kakra anaasɛ wɔabrɛ bere a wɔasa wɔn yare awie no. Ebia eyi bɛkɔ so nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi. Eyi yɛ ade a ɛfata. Nanso sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho nyɛ wo dɛ koraa a, ka ho asɛm kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo.
Nneɛma bɔne afoforo pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi abata hemodialysis ho. Ɛnyɛ obiara na obenya eyinom mu osuahu, nanso eye sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wohu.
| Nneɛma bɔne a ɛtaa ba | |
|---|---|
| Mogya mmoroso a ɛba fam (Hypotension) . | Ebia obi adwene tu fra na obi totɔ piti. |
| Ntini mu akisikuru | Ebetumi aba titiriw wɔ nan no mu. |
| Akisikuru ne ɔfe | Nnipa binom wɔ saa ɔhaw yi. |
| Ɛyɛ akisikuru (Pruritus) . | Wobetumi atew eyi so denam phosphorus dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu a wɔbɛhwɛ so no so. |
| Tiyɛ, koko anaa akyi yaw | Ɛtɔ mmere bi a eyinom nso betumi aba. |
Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?
Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a edidi so yi mu biara a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo ntɛm ara.
- Mogya mmoroso a ɛba fam ho sɛnkyerɛnne (adwene a ɛyɛ no yaw, adwenemhaw (syncope)) .
- Akisikuru ne ɔfe
- Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔyare mmoawa bi wɔ ɔkwan a wɔfa so kɔ hɔ no mu (ɔhohoro, ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, ɛyaw, atiridiinini) .
- Yafunu mu yaw a emu yɛ den
Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie
- Hemodialysis yɛ aduru a egye nkwa a ɛboa ma wotra ase bere a w’asaabo di nkogu no. Ɛnyɛ aduru.
- Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wode saa aduru yi di w’aduan so.Di akwankyerɛ a wo duruyɛfo ne aduannuru ho ɔbenfo de ama no akyi pɛpɛɛpɛ.
- Access a woayɛ no yɛ wo nkwa nhama. Bɔ ho ban yiye fi nyarewa ne akwanhyia ho.
- Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ɔbrɛ nka bere a woasa wo yare awie no. Nanso, nsuro sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa afa ɔhaw biara a wuhyia ho.
- Ɛnyɛ wo nko ara na woretu kwan yi. W’abusua, wo nnamfo, ne nnuruyɛfo wɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛboa wo. Wo ne onipa a ɔho hia sen biara wɔ w’akwahosan kuw no mu. Enti si gyinae biara a wubehu.
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