Momma yɛnka mmerɛbo mu kokoram (Hepatocellular Carcinoma - HCC) ho asɛm wɔ nsɛm a ɛnyɛ den mu?

So woate nka pɛn sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo duru, wo ho ayɛ wo duru ketewaa bi, anaasɛ woate nka sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo ma wɔ wo mpampam ase wɔ ɔfã nifa? Ɛtɔ mmere bi a eyinom betumi ayɛ gas yaw a ɛfata ara kwa. Nanso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi ayɛ mmerɛbo mu yare a emu yɛ den, yɛn nipadua mu akwaa a ɛho hia sen biara no mu biako ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Ɛnnɛ yɛreka Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), kokoram a ɛtaa ba mmerɛbo mu ho asɛm. Ɛwom mpo sɛ ebia edin yi bɛyɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ hu na ɛyɛ den kakra bere a wote no de, nanso mma ɛnhaw wo. Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a obiara betumi ate ase so.

Dɛn ne Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, HCC ne kokoram a abu so sen biara a efi ase wɔ mmerɛbo mu nkwammoaa mu. Ɛyɛ kokoram a ano yɛ den kakra. Wɔtaa hu no wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ mmerɛbo mu yare a enni sabea dedaw, titiriw cirrhosis , tebea a ɛma mmerɛbo no yɛ den na ɛyɛ akuru, na ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye. Nnansa yi, wɔahu HCC nso mpɛn pii wɔ nnipa a wɔwɔ mmerɛbo mu yare a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma yiye (MASLD), tebea a srade a ɛboaboa ano wɔ mmerɛbo mu na ɛde ba no mu.

Ade biako a ɛyɛ awerɛhow wɔ kokoram yi ho ne sɛ enyin brɛoo paa wɔ ne mfiase. Enti, ebia sɛnkyerɛnne biara nni hɔ wɔ mfiase no mu. Wobetumi asa no yare wɔ mfiase no denam oprehyɛn a wɔde beyi akisikuru no anaasɛ mmerɛbo a wɔde bɛma obi foforo so. Nanso, ebedu bere a wobehu sɛ nnipa dodow no ara anya saa yare yi no, na kokoram no atrɛw dedaw na adu baabi a ebetumi atrɛw ntɛmntɛm. Awiei koraa no, eyi betumi ama mmerɛbo no ayɛ adwuma yiye mpo. Wɔ tebea a ɛte saa mu no, nnuruyɛfo ayaresa bɛyɛ den yiye.

Saa tebea yi mu yɛ den araa ma sɛ wowɔ mmerɛbo mu yare te sɛ cirrhosis anaa MASLD a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wo duruyɛfo bɛhwɛ wo daa ahwɛ sɛ wowɔ HCC kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi anaa.

Kokoram yi abu so dɛn?

Susuw eyi ho hwɛ: Kokoram atitiriw 100 a ɛwɔ mmerɛbo mu no mu 85 kosi 90 yɛ HCC. (Sɛ kokoram fi mmeae foforo trɛw kɔ mmerɛbo no mu a, yɛfrɛ no kokoram a ɛtrɛw kɔ mmeae afoforo.) Ɛyɛ kokoram a ɛto so asia a wɔtaa hu wɔ wiase, na ɛno ne nea ɛto so abiɛsa a ɛma kokoram kunkum nnipa.

Nea ɛsen saa no, mmarima taa nya yare no mmɔho abien kosi abiɛsa sen mmea. Mpɛn pii no, nnipa a wohu sɛ wɔwɔ yare no adi mfe 60 anaa nea ɛboro saa.

Dɛn ne HCC ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, ebia kokoram akisikuru remma yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara mma wɔ mfiase no. Nanso, bere a kokoram no kɔ so no, ebia wubefi ase ahu nneɛma te sɛ:

Dɛn nti na HCC kokoram nya? Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛde asiane ba?

Nnipa dodow no ara a wɔahu sɛ wɔwɔ HCC (bɛyɛ 80%) wɔ cirrhosis. Nnipa binom betumi anya saa kokoram yi ansa na wɔanya kokoram. Wɔ tebea horow yi mu no, sɛ wɔansa a, mmerɛbo no mu ɔfe a enni sabea betumi ama mmerɛbo no ayɛ akuru kɛse, na awiei koraa no ebetumi ama wɔanya HCC.

Nneɛma atitiriw pii wɔ hɔ a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya HCC kokoram no yɛ kɛse.

Sɛ wowɔ asiane kuw yi mu a, wo duruyɛfo bɛhwɛ wo daa sɛ ebia kokoram yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi wɔ hɔ anaa. Eyi betumi aboa ma wɔahu yare no ntɛm na wɔasa. Wo duruyɛfo nso bɛboa wo ma woagyae sigaretnom anaa nsanom, na woadi nyarewa a enni sabea te sɛ mmerɛbo mu yare ne asikreyare ho dwuma.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu yare yi pɛpɛɛpɛ?

Sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn a, obedi kan ahwɛ wo nipadua mu na wabisa wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne, w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm, ne w’asetra kwan. Afei, ebia wɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow pii de akyerɛ sɛ wɔahu yare no, te sɛ:

• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Wɔbɛhwɛ wo mogya mu sɛ ebia kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne bi wɔ hɔ anaa. Ne titiriw no, wɔbɛhwɛ sɛnea protein bi a wɔfrɛ no alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) dodow te. Sɛ saa dodow yi kɔ soro a, ebetumi ayɛ HCC ho sɛnkyerɛnne anaa tebea bi a ebetumi ama obi anya bi, te sɛ mmerɛbo mu yare anaa mmerɛbo mu yare.
• Mfoninitwa: Mfoninitwa te sɛ ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) , anaa angiography betumi akyerɛ sɛnea akisikuru anaa akisikuru a ɛwɔ mmerɛbo no mu te pefee.
• Mmɛn mu nhwehwɛmu: Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, sɛ nea efi scan no mu ba no nyɛ nsɛm a ɛdɔɔso a, oduruyɛfo no begye ntini ketewaa bi afi mmerɛbo mu akisikuru no mu na wahwɛ mu wɔ afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete mu ahwɛ sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa bi wɔ hɔ anaa. Nanso, ade soronko biako a ɛwɔ HCC ho ne sɛ, sɛ wotumi hu akisikuru no pefee wɔ MRI anaa CT scan a wɔde yɛ obi a ɔwɔ akisikuru a, wobetumi ahu no a wɔmfa nipadua no mu nhwehwɛmu .

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa HCC?

HCC ayaresa gyina kokoram no gyinabea, mmerɛbo no akwahosan nyinaa, ne w’akwahosan nyinaa so. Ayaresa atitiriw pii wɔ hɔ a wobetumi apaw.

Ebia wo duruyɛfo nso bɛkyerɛ sɛ fa wo ho hyɛ nnuruyɛ mu sɔhwɛ ahorow a ɛsɔ ayaresa foforo hwɛ mu. Ebia wɔde ayaresa a ɛma wo ho brɛ ase nso bɛma na aboa ma woadi yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so, atew wo ho a ɛnyɛ wo dɛ so, na ama w’asetra ayɛ mmerɛw.

So wobetumi asa yare yi koraa?

Oprehyɛn a wɔde yi akisikuru no anaasɛ mmerɛbo a wɔde bɛma obi foforo ne akwan a eye sen biara a wobetumi afa so asa no koraa. Sɛ oprehyɛn ntumi nyɛ yiye mpo a, ayaresa afoforo wɔ hɔ a ebetumi ama yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne no afi hɔ, ama kokoram no anyin brɛoo, na aboa wo ma woatra ase akyɛ.

Sɛnea akontaabu kyerɛ no, mfe anum a nnipa a wɔwɔ saa yare yi nya nkwa no yɛ 21% pɛ. Nanso mma eyi nnyɛ wo hu. Eyi nyɛ ade koro wɔ obiara fam. Ebetumi ayɛ soronko kɛse a egyina wo tebea, baabi a kokoram no wɔ, wo mmerɛbo akwahosan, ne sɛnea woyɛ w’ade wɔ ayaresa ho so. Ɛsono ɔyarefo biara. Enti, wo duruyɛfo nkutoo na obetumi ama wo nea wobɛhwɛ kwan ho adwene a eye sen biara a egyina wo tebea no so.

Dɛn na yebetumi ayɛ de asiw HCC kokoram ano?

Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ de atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya kokoram yi so:

• Nya Hepatitis B. Sɛ woanya bi dedaw a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn daa.
• Sɛ wususuw sɛ woanya Hepatitis C a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Eyi yɛ yare a mprempren wobetumi de nnuru asa koraa.
• Tebea horow a ɛfa mmerɛbo mu yare a srade wom (MASLD) ho a wɔde siw ano. Ɛho hia yiye sɛ wobɛhwɛ nipadua mu duru so denam aduan pa ne apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ so.
• Kwati nsa a wobɛnom boro so koraa.
• Sɛ wonom sigaret a, gyae ntɛm ara.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn? Nsɛmmisa bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa?

Sɛ wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne a yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no bɛboro adapɛn abien, anaa sɛ wo sɛnkyerɛnne no reyɛ kɛse a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Sɛ wowɔ kuw bi a asiane wom mu a, ntwa nhwehwɛmu ahorow a wo duruyɛfo kyerɛw ma wo no so. Kae sɛ, dodow a wohu yare yi ntɛm no, dodow no ara na ɛda adi sɛ ayaresa no bɛyɛ yiye.

Nsɛmmisa a ɛho hia a ɛsɛ sɛ wubisa wo duruyɛfo ni:

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu nka, wo ho yeraw wo, na w’adwene atu afra bere a wote yare a emu yɛ den te sɛ HCC ho asɛm no. Nanso ɛnyɛ wo nkutoo na wowɔ akwantu yi mu. Te w’ayaresa ne nea efi mu ba no ase. Wo ne w’abusua, wo nnamfo, ne oduruyɛfo nkasa pefee. Eyi betumi ayɛ akwantu a emu yɛ den, nanso sɛ wunya nimdeɛ, mmoa, ne ayaresa a ɛfata a, wubetumi agyina ano.