So wo ba ketewa no kenkan ade ntɛmntɛm a ɛyɛ nwonwa? Nanso wonte ase? Eyi betumi ayɛ nea ɛfa (Hyperlexia) ho!

So wo ba ketewa no, ansa na mmofra afoforo a wɔne ne bɔ tipɛn reba no, kenkan nhoma, atesɛm nkrataa, ne dawurubɔ nkrataa wɔ abɔnten so, wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ nwonwa so? Ebia ɛbɛyɛ wo nwonwa sɛ, "Oh, me ba no yɛ onyansafo yiye, ɔkenkan ade pii wɔ saa mfe yi mu." Nanso, so woate nka pɛn sɛ ɔnte nea ɔrekenkan no ase ankasa, na onnim sɛnea obebua nsɛmmisa a ɛfa ho? Sɛ ɛte saa a, eyi betumi ayɛ tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no `(Hyperlexia)`. Mma ɛnhaw wo, momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm tiawa, wɔ ɔkwan a wubetumi ate ase so.

Dɛn ne `(Hyperlexia)` yi? Ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye!

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, `(Hyperlexia)` kyerɛ sɛ wo ba no fi ase kenkan nsɛmfua ntɛm sen sɛnea ɔhwɛ kwan. Nanso anifere kwan ketewaa bi wɔ ha. "Hyper" fã no kyerɛ "eye" anaa "ntɛmntɛm. " " Lexia" kyerɛ "kasa anaa akenkan." Enti, abofra a ɔwɔ `(Hyperlexia)` betumi anya tumi a ɛkorɔn kɛse a ɔde behu nsɛmfua na wakenkan asen mmofra afoforo a wɔne wɔn bɔ tipɛn. Nanso, ebia wɔrente nea wɔkenkan no mu dodow no ara ase.

Fa no sɛ, wo ba kenkan asɛmfua kɛse bi wɔ atesɛm krataa mu fɛfɛɛfɛ, nanso sɛ wubisa no nea saa asɛmfua no kyerɛ, anaa nea ɔkasamu no kyerɛ a, ɔmmua. Ɛno yɛ biribi a ɛte saa. Ebia wɔwɔ nkyerɛwde ne nɔma ho anigye a ɛyɛ nwonwa, ebia na wɔde wɔn ho ahyɛ mu mpo. Nea ɛho hia paa ne sɛ, sɛnea obi tumi kenkan nsɛmfua no korɔn koraa sen sɛnea obi tumi te kasa ase.

So abusuabɔ bi wɔ `(Hyperlexia)` ne `(Autism Spectrum Disorder - ASD)` ntam?

Eyi yɛ asɛmmisa a awofo pii wɔ. Yiw, tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no `(Hyperlexia)` taa ne `(Autism Spectrum Disorder - ASD)` wɔ abusuabɔ. Nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ ebia mmofra a wɔwɔ `(Hyperlexia)` (kyerɛ sɛ, mmofra 100 biara mu bɛyɛ 84) bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 84 na wɔwɔ autism spectrum no mu.

Nanso asɛm bi a ɛho hia ni. Ɛnyɛ mmofra a wɔwɔ `(Hyperlexia)` nyinaa na wɔwɔ autism. Afei nso, mmofra a wɔwɔ autism no mu ɔha biara mu nkyem 6 kosi 14 pɛ na wɔwɔ `(Hyperlexia)`. Enti, nsuro sɛ wo ba no anya autism esiane sɛ wuhu no sɛ ɔrekenkan ade ntɛmntɛm nti. Nanso eye sɛ wubehu saa abusuabɔ yi.

Dɛn ne `(Hyperlexia)` ahorow atitiriw?

Nhwehwɛmufoɔ ahunu ``Hyperlexia'' ahodoɔ titire mmiɛnsa:

`(Hyperlexia) I` (Ɔkwan I) .

Eyi ne bere a mmofra a wɔtaa nyin sua akenkan ntɛm koraa na wɔyɛ no yiye sen sɛnea wɔhwɛɛ kwan no. Abenfoɔ binom ka sɛ saa akenkan a wɔkenkan ntɛm yi nyɛ adwene pa sɛ wɔbɛkyekyɛ mu sɛ ``Hyperlexia''. Nanso, nnipa dodow no ara gye tom sɛ ``Hyperlexia'' a edi kan no nhia ayaresa titiriw . Eyi kyerɛ sɛ sɛ wo ba no hyɛ saa kuw yi mu a, ebia ɔyɛ abofra a ɔwɔ ɔdom akyɛde ara kwa.

`(Hyperlexia) II` (Nea ɛto so abien) .

Saa ɔkwan yi taa fa mmofra a wɔwɔ autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ho. Mmofra yi kyerɛ nkyerɛwde ne akontaahyɛde ho anigye kɛse fi wɔn mmofraase. Wɔpɛ nhoma ne akenkan nneɛma sen agode afoforo. Ebia wɔbɛda su afoforo a wohu wɔ autism mu nso adi. Mpɛn pii no, ayaresa ho animdefo de abofra yi akenkan ho nimdeɛ di dwuma sɛ adwinnade a wɔde sa yare.

`(Hyperlexia) III` (Ɔkwan a ɛto so abiɛsa) .

Eyi te sɛ nea ɛto so abien no kakra. Nanso, ade titiriw a ɛwɔ ha ne sɛ, bere kɔ so no, tebea yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne so tew nkakrankakra na ɛyera bere a wɔrenyin no. Saa mmofra yi nso wɔ akenkan ho nimdeɛ a ɛkorɔn, nanso wɔn kasa a wɔka, kyerɛ sɛ, tumi a wɔde nsɛmfua da adwene adi no betumi aka akyi kakra. Ɛwom sɛ ebia wɔbɛda autism ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi adi de, nanso tumi a wotumi ne afoforo kasa na wokura asetra mu abusuabɔ mu (asetra mu nkitahodi ho nimdeɛ) no betumi ayɛ nea ɛfata.

Dɛn ne abofra a ɔwɔ `(Hyperlexia)` ho sɛnkyerɛnne?

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛda adi kɛse ne akenkan ho nimdeɛ a ɛkorɔn ne nkyerɛwde ne akontaahyɛde ho anigye kɛse. Bere a ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea wo ba no rekenkan ade yiye no, ebia ɔrente nea ɔrekenkan no ase.

Mmofra pii a wɔwɔ ``Hyperlexia'' da saa nsɛnkyerɛnne yi adi:

• Rapid learning: Children with ``Hyperlexia'' learn to read very quickly, sometimes without any special instruction, almost on their own. Ebia ɛbɛyɛ wɔn su sɛ wɔbɛka nsɛm a wɔtaa hu na wɔte no mpɛn pii.
• Nhoma ho dɔ: Mmofra yi ani gye nhoma ne akenkan ho sen agode foforo biara. Ɛtɔ da bi a, wotumi hu wɔn sɛ wɔde wɔn nsateaa rekyerɛw nsɛm wɔ wim, anaasɛ wɔrebɔ nsɛmfua denden.
• Ntease a enni mu: Sɛ wotumi kenkan mpo a, ebetumi ayɛ den ama wɔn sɛ wɔbɛte nea wɔrekenkan no ase. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia wobetumi akenkan agoru bi wɔ krataa so, nanso ɛyɛ den ma wɔn sɛ wɔbɛte sɛnea wɔbɔ no ase. Anaasɛ ebia wɔrentumi nte sɛnea wodi ahodwiriwde bi ho dwuma ase.
• Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi anya nkɔso mu ɔhaw: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a mmofra a wɔwɔ hyperlexia betumi ada nkɔso mu ɔhaw bi ho sɛnkyerɛnne adi, te sɛ suban mu haw anaasɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛkasa na wɔadi nkitaho te sɛ mmofra afoforo a wɔne wɔn bɔ tipɛn.

Dɛn na ɛde `(Hyperlexia)` ba?

Nokwarem no, nhwehwɛmufo nnya nhuu nea ɛde hyperlexia ba ankasa. Dodow no ara gye di sɛ awosu ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛka abofra amemene nyin a wɔaka abom na ɛde ba. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ obiara mfomso.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobehu `(Hyperlexia)`?

Mprempren sɔhwɛ pɔtee biara nni hɔ a ɛfa tebea yi ho. Saa tebea yi a wobehu no betumi ayɛ anifere kakra, efisɛ ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na ɛba n’ankasa so. Ebia wo ba no benya bi aka adesua anaa suban ho haw afoforo ho. Afei nso, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) no nkyerɛkyerɛ mu pefee sɛ ɛyɛ ɔhaw a ɛda nsow. DSM-5 no kyerɛw Hyperlexia sɛ autism spectrum disorder no fã.

Sɛ wususuw sɛ ebia wo ba no wɔ hyperlexia a, ade a edi kan a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ wobɛkɔ wo mmofra oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Ebia ɔde wo bɛkɔ oduruyɛfo titiriw bi nkyɛn, te sɛ mmofra adwene ho ɔbenfo anaa ɔkasa ne kasa mu nyarewa ho ɔbenfo. Saa abenfo yi bɛyɛ sɔhwɛ titiriw bi de ahu sɛnea abofra no te kasa ase.

Saa sɔhwɛ ahorow yi nyɛ den saa. Wɔmmɔ abofra no hu anaasɛ wɔmfa nhyɛso mma abofra no. Nea wɔhwɛ kwan ara ne sɛ wobehu sɛnea abofra no nim na ɔte ase no pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Wɔsan nso hwɛ abofra no anisoadehu, n’aso, n’adwene, ne nkitahodi ho nimdeɛ. Esiane sɛ hyperlexia ne autism wɔ abusuabɔ kɛse nti, oduruyɛfo no betumi akamfo nso sɛ wɔmfa nnwinnade a wɔde hwehwɛ autism pɔtee bi mu nni dwuma de si so dua anaasɛ wɔapow sɛ autism wɔ hɔ.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobɛboa abofra a ɔwɔ `(Hyperlexia)`?

Ayaresa a wobetumi apaw no gyina `(Hyperlexia)` ko a abofra bi wɔ ne wɔn ankorankoro tebea so. Mmofra a wɔwɔ `(Hyperlexia) I` (type one) no taa nhia ayaresa biara. Nanso, mmofra a wɔwɔ `(Hyperlexia) II` (ɔkwan a ɛto so abien) ne `(Hyperlexia) III` (ɔkwan abiɛsa) betumi anya mfaso afi ayaresa akwan horow mu.

• Ɔkasa mu ayaresa: Eyi boa ma abofra kasa ne ne fekubɔ ho nimdeɛ tu mpɔn. Ɔkasa ne kasa ho ɔyaresafo de abofra no akenkan ho nimdeɛ a ɛkɔ akyiri di dwuma de boa no ma wodi ne mmerɛwyɛ ahorow so. Wogyina abofra no ahiade ne n’anigye so na ɛyɛ ayaresa nhyehyɛe. Ebia eyi ka fekubɔ ho nimdeɛ, ntease, akyerɛw, ne ɔkasa ho.
• Adwuma mu ayaresa: Eyi nso yɛ ayaresa titiriw a ɛtwe adwene si abofra no ahiade pɔtee so. Ebia ɔyaresafo no bɛyɛ adwuma wɔ nneɛma ahorow a abofra no repere ho, te sɛ nna, adidi, ne ho a ɔhwɛ, akyerɛw, ne sukuu dwumadi ne fekubɔ mu kyɛfa a onya.
• Adwene mu ayaresa/afotu: Ɛha yi, mmofra adwene ho ɔbenfo de abofra no ahiade pɔtee te sɛ nkate, suban, ne adesua mu haw ahorow di dwuma.

Bio,Nhomasua a wobɛpaw a ɛfata wo ba no nso ho hia yiye wɔ Hyperlexia ayaresa mu. Sɛ wo ba wɔ Hyperlexia II a, ebia obenya mfaso kɛse afi adesua a obesua wɔ adesua titiriw bi mu no mu. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ ebia adesuadan a wɔyɛ no daa no bɛkanyan no dodo. Ebia wo ba no bɛpɛ na osua ade yiye wɔ adesua tebea a obiara sua ade mu.

Nanso, sɛ wo ba no wɔ `(Hyperlexia) III` a, ebia obenya mfaso afi sukuu dan a ɔtra mu daa mu efisɛ ɛma onya hokwan pii de nya n’asetra mu nimdeɛ bere a ɔrenya adesua ho nimdeɛ afoforo nso.

So wobetumi asiw Hyperlexia ano?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no, nhwehwɛmufo da so ara nnim nea ɛde eyi ba ankasa. Enti, mprempren ɔkwan biara nni hɔ a wɔbɛfa so asiw tebea yi ano.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mede me ba no kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Sɛ wosusu sɛ wo ba no reda ``Hyperlexia'' ho sɛnkyerɛnne adi a, ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn. Ebia mmofra binom yɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ akyɛde, akenkanfo a wodi kan ara kwa. Oduruyɛfo no betumi aboa ma wɔahu sɛ ebia wo ba no hia nhwehwɛmu foforo ne/anaasɛ ayaresa anaa.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me ba oduruyɛfo?

Wubetumi abisa oduruyɛfo no nsɛm te sɛ:

• `(Hyperlexia)` bɛn na me ba wɔ?
• So eyi kyerɛ sɛ me ba no betumi anya autism?
• Ayaresa anaa ayaresa bɛn na wokamfo kyerɛ?
• So tebea yi (Hyperlexia) befi hɔ bere a me ba no nyin no?
• Dɛn na metumi ayɛ de aboa me ba ma wagyina tebea yi ano?

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛwɔ `(Hyperlexia)` ne `(Dyslexia)` ntam?

Dyslexia yɛ nea ɛne hyperlexia bɔ abira. Bere a mmofra a wɔwɔ hyperlexia fi ase kenkan ade ntɛm no, ɛyɛ den ma mmofra a wɔn akenkan mu yɛ den sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛw na wɔakenkan. Nanso, nea ɛnte sɛ mmofra a wɔwɔ hyperlexia no, mmofra a wɔwɔ dyslexia taa te nea wɔkenkan no ase. Wotumi da wɔn adwene adi yiye na wosusuw nneɛma ho wɔ ɔkwan a ntease wom so.

Dyslexia yɛ adesua mu dɛmdi a abu so kɛse sen hyperlexia. Amerikafoɔ dodoɔ bɛyɛ 20% na wɔnya akenkan mu haw, na adesua mu dɛmdiɛ nyinaa mu 80% kɔsi 90% fi akenkan mu haw.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Sɛ wo ba ketewa no rekenkan ade ntɛmntɛm a ɛyɛ nwonwa a, ɛnkyerɛ ankasa sɛ ɔwɔ hyperlexia anaa autism. Mmofra binom sua akenkan ntɛm ara kwa, na wɔn ho akokwaw. Nanso wunim wo ba no yiye. Sɛ wuhu biribi a ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ nwonwa titiriw anaasɛ ɛyɛ nwonwa a, kɔ wo ba no oduruyɛfo nkyɛn ntɛm ara. Obetumi aboa wo ma woasi nea wobɛyɛ akyi.

Kae sɛ, ɛmfa ho sɛnea adesua mu dɛmdi no te biara no, dodow a wohu no ntɛm no, dodow no ara na eye. Afei yebetumi de mmoa ne mmoa a ohia ama abofra no ntɛm, aboa no ma wanya nkɔso akosi nea obetumi biara. Mma ɛnhaw wo, ɛnyɛ wo nko ara.

` Hyperlexia, autism, akenkan ntɛmntɛm, kasa mu ntease, mmofra nkɔso, kasa mu ayaresa, adesua mu nsonsonoe