So woakɔ ɔhaw mu pɛn sɛ "woaboro so"? Momma yɛnka asabow ho asɛm!

So woahu obi pɛn sɛ ɔyɛ n’ade wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ nwonwa so bere a wanom boro so kakra akyi, te sɛ apontow ase? Ebia wɔkasa tia wɔn nsɛm, anaasɛ wontumi nnyina hɔ tẽẽ mpo. Anaasɛ, so wode biribi adi dwuma pɛn, sɛ́ wunim anaasɛ wunnim, a ɛsakraa wo suban ne wo nsusuwii? Ɛno ne nea yɛfrɛ no "nsabow" kɛkɛ. Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri kakra nnɛ.

Dɛn ne asabow? Momma yɛnte ase kɛkɛ!

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, asabow yɛ bere tiaa mu tebea a ɛba bere a yɛnom biribi te sɛ nsa anaa nneɛma afoforo a ɛkanyan adwene no. Wɔ eyi mu no, wo:

• Nhumu dodow betumi ayɛ soronko. Ebia nnipa binom bɛte nka ara kwa sɛ wɔada, bere a afoforo nso betumi ahwere wɔn adwene.
• Adwene mu tumi te sɛ nsusuwii, ntease, ne nkae (adwene) betumi ayɛ mmerɛw. Ɛbɛyɛ den sɛ yebesusuw nneɛma ho yiye na yɛasi gyinae.
• Sɛnea nneɛma te, sɛnea ɛte, ne sɛnea wɔte nka (Nhumu) betumi asesa. Ebia nneɛma bi hwɛbea anaa ɛte sɛ nea ɛsono sɛnea ɛte ankasa.
• Adwene betumi asesa mpofirim. Ebia w’ani begye, anaasɛ wobɛte abufuw anaa awerɛhow nka mpofirim.
• Suban sesa . Nnipa binom teɛteɛm denneennen, wɔyɛ basabasa, anaa wɔde wɔn ho to asiane mu a ɛho nhia.
• Wohwere wo kari pɛ na woyɛ adwuma pɛpɛɛpɛ . Worentumi nnantew yiye, na nneɛma fi wo nsam hwe ase.

Fa no sɛ, wonyɛ sɛnea wotaa yɛ no, ɛte sɛ nea wo nhyehyɛe no nyinaa "ayɛ basabasa" kakra esiane saa nneɛma yi nti.

Mpɛn pii no, saa asabow yi ntra hɔ bere tiaa bi . Nanso, bere tenten a ɛtra hɔ no gyina nneɛma pii so. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• Saa ade no mu dodow ahe na wode dii dwuma?
• Sɛ́ ebia wode nneɛma bɛboro biako dii dwuma (eyi yɛ asiane kɛse!).
• Wo nipadua no mu nneɛma a wɔahyehyɛ.
• wo mfe a woadi .
• W’akwahosan nyinaa .

Bere kɔ so no, sɛ wugyae aduru no a wode di dwuma a, saa asabow yi su ne nea efi mu ba no so tew nkakrankakra na awiei koraa no ɛyera koraa .

Mpɛn pii no, nsa a obi bow nsa kakra no nhia ayaresa . Nanso, sɛ asabow no de ɔhaw ahorow ba (sɛ nhwɛso no, nneyɛe a ɛyɛ basabasa) anaa akwanhyia (sɛ nhwɛso no, ɔhwe ase) a, ebia ɛho behia sɛ wɔsa no yare. Nsa a ano yɛ den, te sɛ awuduru anaa nnuru a wɔnom boro so (e.g., nsa a wɔde awuduru anaa opioid a wɔnom boro so) betumi de nkwa ato asiane mu.Ɛyɛ nea ebetumi aba.

Nneɛma bɛn na ɛma obi bow nsa?

Nneɛma biara a ebetumi aka yɛn adwene na ebetumi ama yɛanom nsa. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne nneɛma te sɛ:

• Wɔsan frɛ nnubɔne bi a mmara mma ho kwan te sɛ heroin ne LSD sɛ Schedule I nnubɔne, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nea ɛma obi yɛ ade tra so kɛse na enni aduruyɛ mu mfaso biara.
• Nnuru bi a nnuruyɛfo kyerɛw ma, titiriw nea wɔakyekyɛ mu sɛ `Schedule II, III, IV, V nnuru`. Eyinom yɛ nnuru a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde di dwuma de siw ano.
• Wobetumi atɔ nnuru bi a wɔtɔn wɔ nnurutɔnbea a wɔmfa nnuru nkyerɛw, sɛ nhwɛso no, ɔfe aduru bi.
• Wusiw a efi nneɛma bi a wɔde tew nneɛma ho te sɛ bleach mu a wɔhome.
• Ofie nneɛma bi, te sɛ paint thinners ne glue.

Ne titiriw no, nneɛma bi a ebetumi ama obi abow nsa ni:

• Nsaden
• Benzodiazepines, nnuru bi a ɛma obi dwo, anaa Benzos
• Wii / Wii a wɔde di dwuma
• Dextromethorphan, aduru a wɔde siw ɔfe ano
• Opioids, nnuru a wɔde kum ɛyaw kuw bi (e.g. tramadol, morphine) .
• Nneɛma a ɛma obi nya adwenemhaw (sɛ nhwɛso no, LSD, nkonyaayi nsenia) .
• Nneɛma a wɔde home (sɛ nhwɛso no, pɛtro, aduru a wɔde home) .
• Nicotine (a ɛwɔ tawa mu) .
• Nnuru a ɛkanyan obi (sɛ nhwɛso no, cocaine, Methylphenidate (Ritalin®)) .

Dɛn ne nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi bow nsa?

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi bow nsa betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ onipa biara ho. Egyina nnuru a wonom ne dodow a wonom so. Esiane sɛ asabow ka yɛn ntini ahorow no dwumadi nti, ebetumi de nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne ne adwene ne nneyɛe mu nsakrae (nsɛnkyerɛnne) nyinaa aba.

Adwene ne nneyɛe ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no bi ne:

• Aggression, basabasayɛ `(Atirimɔdensɛm)`
• Basabasayɛ
• Dadwen, ehu
• Nhumu a ɛso tew, nna a ɛyɛ den, ɔbrɛ
• Anigye kɛse a wɔte nka (Euphoria) .
• Nneɛma a ɛnyɛ nokware a wohu anaa wote (hallucinations) .
• Atemmu a asɛe
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wode w’adwene besi biribi so
• Nkate a ɛma obi yɛ ade tra so, ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro
• Nsɛm a ɛfa nkae ho
• Adwene mu nsakrae mpofirim (Mood lability) .
• Paranoia yɛ ehu anaa adwenem naayɛ a ntease nnim sɛ afoforo bepira wo.
• Sɔhwɛ a wɔde bɛyɛ adwuma a asiane wom

Yebetumi ahu eyinom sɛ nipadua mu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow:

• Nsɛm a ɛfa kari pɛ ne nkitahodi ho
• Anisoadehu a ɛyɛ kusuu
• Nsakrae a ɛba nipadua mu hyew mu (sɛ́ ɛyɛ hyew dodo (Hyperthermia) anaasɛ ɔhyew a ɛboro so (Hypothermia)) .
• Aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ ɛtrɛw
• Anim a ayɛ fĩ
• Nsakrae a ɛba koma a ɛbɔ mu, sɛ nhwɛso no, koma a ɛbɔ denneennen
• Mogya mmoroso a ɛkɔ soro anaasɛ ɛso tew
• Akisikuru ne ɔfe
• Ɔkasa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw / Dysarthria

Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi afi nea emu nyɛ den so kosi nea emu yɛ den so . Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛwɔ nneɛma bɛboro biako a wɔde frafra mu no betumi ayɛ nea wontumi nhu na asiane wom kɛse. Sɛ obi a wo ne no wɔ no ntumi nhu hwee, ɛyɛ den sɛ ɔbɛhome, anaasɛ ontumi nyɛ adwuma sɛnea ɛsɛ a, kɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na saa asabow yi ba? Dɛn na ɛkɔ so wɔ yɛn nipadua mu?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, nneɛma a yɛnom no siw ɔkwan a yɛn amemene no yɛ adwuma no kwan . Wɔ nyansahu mu nsɛm pii mu no, saa nneɛma yi nya ɔkwan a yɛn ntini mu nkwammoaa (ntini mu nkwammoaa) fa so de nsɛm kɔma wɔn ho wɔn ho, gye, na wɔyɛ ho adwuma no so nkɛntɛnso. Wɔnam nnuru abɔfo a wɔfrɛ wɔn neurotransmitters so sesa saa nsɛm yi.

Nnipa wɔ saa `(Neurotransmitters)` yi ahorow bɛboro 100. Eyinom yɛ nnwuma a ɛho hia pii wɔ yɛn ntini mu, titiriw wɔ amemene no mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, `(Monoamine neurotransmitters)` te sɛ `(Serotonin)` ne `(Dopamine)` di yɛn adwene, nsusuwii, adwene, ne nkate so.

Adeɛ biara ka ``neurotransmitters'' pɔtee bi wɔ yɛn amemene mu wɔ akwan ahodoɔ so. Ɛno nti na ade biara wɔ n’ankasa sɛnkyerɛnne soronko a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi bow nsa no.

Nsa a wɔnom betumi ayɛ biribi a wɔyɛ no wɔ adwenem anaasɛ wɔanhyɛ da . Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnipa pii nom nsa na ama wɔahu nkɛntɛnso a ɛma obi bow nsa no. Afei nso, ɛtɔ mmere bi a mmofra nkumaa tumi bow nsa denam ade bi a wɔnom a wonnim so.

Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen a ebetumi aba esiane asabow nti?

Mpɛn pii no, nsa a yɛnom brɛoo no nsɛe yɛn akwahosan kɛse. Nanso, nea efi asabow mu ba (te sɛ nea ɛkari pɛ, gyinaesi a entumi nyɛ yiye) betumi de ɔhaw ahorow bi aba. Eyinom bi ne:

• Opira: Sɛ obi bow nsa a, asiane kɛse wɔ hɔ sɛ obi bepira ne ho anaa afoforo. Sɛ obi bow nsa a ɛma ɔyɛ basabasa dodo a, ebetumi ama yɛayɛ basabasa.
• Akwahosan tebea horow a ɛda adi no a ɛyɛ kɛse: Sɛ obi bow nneɛma bi a, ebetumi ama aduruyɛ mu tebea horow a ɛhyɛ ase te sɛ komayare ne adwenemyare ahorow asɛe kɛse.
• Asiane a Ɛwɔ Aduru a Wɔde Di Dwuma ne Nnubɔne a Wɔde Di Dwuma Ho: Sɛ obi kɔ so de nnuru biara di dwuma anaasɛ ɔmfa nni dwuma ɔkwammɔne so a, ebetumi ama obi ayɛ ɔsadweam. Anigye a wonya bere a wɔabow nsa no yɛ ade titiriw a ɛma obi yɛ ade tra so.
• Ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ adwumam ne abusuabɔ mu:Nsakrae a ɛba wɔ nsusuwii ne nneyɛe mu a ɛnam asabow so de ba no betumi aka w’adwuma na asɛe wo ne afoforo ntam abusuabɔ.
• Mmara mu nsɛm: Wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, sɛ obi bow nsa a, ebetumi de mmara mu nsunsuanso aba. Sɛ nhwɛso no, kar a obi anom nsa (DUI). Afei nso, sɛ obi bow nsa a, ebetumi asɛe w’adwene, na ama woabu mmara so anibiannaso.

Nea ɛho hia: Sɛ nneɛma a ɛma obi yɛ ade tra so rehaw w’asetra, anaasɛ ɛhaw wo sɛ ebia worenya nnuru a wɔde di dwuma ɔkwammɔne so ho haw bi a, ɛho hia sɛ wohwehwɛ mmoa a efi animdefo hɔ. Wo ne oduruyɛfo nkasa. Ahyehyɛde titiriw ne afotu adwumayɛbea ahorow nso wɔ hɔ a wobetumi aboa wɔ ɔhaw ahorow yi ho, a wubetumi ahwehwɛ mu.

Sɛ mabow nsa a, ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn? Meyɛ dɛn hu eyi?

Mpɛn pii no, ɛho nhia sɛ woyɛ biribi titiriw bi de "hu" asabow. Nanso, sɛ wokɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ ayaresa a egye ntɛmpɛ mu kɔhwehwɛ ɔhaw foforo bere a woabow nsa, anaasɛ woabow nsa a wunhyɛ da a, nnuruyɛfo bɛpɛ sɛ wohu nea ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu.

Saa bere no, nnuruyɛfo betumi ayɛ nneɛma te sɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu ne nsu mu nhwehwɛmu de ahu nneɛma a ɛwɔ wo nhyehyɛe mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wobetumi ayɛ mogya mu nsa dodow (BAL) nhwehwɛmu anaa nnubɔne ho nhwehwɛmu.

Ɛho hia paa sɛ sɛ wowɔ ayaresabea na woabow nsa a, wobɛka nea wode adi dwuma no ho asɛm akyerɛ nnuruyɛfo no nokwarem. Efisɛ ɔbow ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ te sɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea afoforo pii ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Enti sɛ woka nokware a, nnuruyɛfo no betumi ayi ɔhaw afoforo afi hɔ na wɔasa wo yare yiye.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa nsa a wɔabow?

Sɛnea wɔkyerɛ ase no, ɔkwan titiriw a wɔfa so "sa" nsanom ne sɛ wobegye bere na wɔagyae aduru no a wɔde di dwuma . Bere tenten a eyi gye no gu ahorow wɔ onipa biara mu. Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, gye sɛ asanom no ama wɔapirapira anaa aduruyɛ mu nsɛnnennen biara a, mpɛn pii no ɛho nhia sɛ wɔsa yare.

Nanso, sɛ obi bow nsa denneennen, kyerɛ sɛ, awuduru anaa ɔnom boro so a, ɛho hia sɛ wɔsa no yare ntɛm ara.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ me ne me duruyɛfo kasa fa asabow ho?

Sɛ ɛhaw wo anaasɛ wususuw sɛ ebia nneɛma bi ayɛ wo su a, wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa ntɛm ara sɛnea wubetumi. Obetumi akyerɛ wo kwan wɔ ayaresa a ɛfata ne baabi a wubenya mmoa ho.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara na woabow nsa? (Putupuru!)

Sɛ biribi a ɛte sɛɛ to wo anaa obi a wunim no a, ɛsɛ sɛ wofrɛ 1990 (wɔ Sri Lanka no, Suwaseriya Ambulance Service) ntɛm ara anaasɛ wokɔ ayaresabea dwumadibea a ɛhwɛ ntɛmpɛ a ɛbɛn wo no nkyɛn:

• Sɛ woapira kɛse (e.g., wo ti apira kɛse, wo nsa anaa wo nan a abubu).
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wobɛpira wo ho, sɛ wokasa saa, anaa sɛ wobɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛpira afoforo a.
• Sɛ woreda sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow adi sɛ woabow nsa kɛse (awuduru anaasɛ wonom boro so).

Eyinom ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛtaa ba a ɛkyerɛ sɛ obi bow nsa denneennen:

• Nhumu a ɛyera anaasɛ ɔnyɛ hwee.
• Akisikuru a ɛma obi ho kyere no.
• Ɔfe ne akisikuru a ɛkɔ so daa.
• Nsakrae a emu yɛ den a ɛba adwene tebea mu (sɛ obi yɛ n’ade wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ nwonwa so, ɔnte biribiara ase).
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den.
• Anofafa ne honam ani kɔla bruu (Cyanosis).

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi asiw nsa a wɔnom a wɔanhyɛ da ano?

Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a wubetumi ayɛ de asiw nsa a woanhyɛ da ano:

• Fa aduru a wɔakyerɛw ama wo no sɛnea wɔakyerɛ wo no pɛpɛɛpɛ: Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛw aduru no wɔ dodow pɔtee mu na aboa wo wɔ aduruyɛ mu, na ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛbɛma woabow nsa. Mfa dodow a wɔakyerɛw ato hɔ no nnnom da. Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo sɛ wobɛkae sɛ ebia woanom w’aduru no anaasɛ woannom a, kyerɛw to baabi, anaa fa app bi di dwuma wɔ wo fon so.
• Fa nnuru ne nneɛma afoforo sie baabi a mmofra nkumaa ntumi nkɔ: Fa nnuru, nneɛma a wɔde tew nneɛma ho, ne nneɛma afoforo a epira sie baabi a mmofra nkumaa (ne afieboa) ntumi nkɔ, sɛ́ wɔde ahyɛ mu yiye, wɔ soro, anaasɛ wɔ nkuku a wɔato mu mu. Mmofra nkumaa betumi anom nsa kakraa bi mpo.
• Kɔ so dwoodwoo wɔ mmeae a wo ne afoforo bɔ: Sɛ woreyɛ nhyehyɛe ne wo nnamfonom anom nsa a, yɛ ahobammɔ ho nhyehyɛe kakraa bi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, nnyaw w’anom a obiara nhwɛ so, na nnye anonne anaa aduan mfi ahɔho hɔ. Sɛ wote nka sɛ "wonni ahobammɔ" anaasɛ wonni ahobammɔ a, bisa obi a wowɔ ne mu ahotoso ntɛm ara sɛ ɔmmoa wo.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi nea yɛaka ho asɛm no mu!

Asabow yɛ mfinimfini tebea a emu nna hɔ a ɛda wo dwumadi a ɛfata ne awuduru a wode ahyɛ wo mu anaasɛ woanom boro so ntam. Nnipa binom pɛ sɛ wonya asabow mu osuahu wɔ wɔn adwene mu. Nanso ebetumi asi nso a wonnim.

Kae sɛ bere nyinaa susuw ahobammɔ ho bere a wode nnuru biara redi dwuma no, na hu nea wubetumi ayɛ. Sɛ wohaw wo ho wɔ aduru a ɛma obi yɛ ade tra so ho, anaasɛ wote nka sɛ "woanya pii" sen sɛnea wususuw a, eye sɛ wobɛhwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu mmoa ntɛm ara sɛnea wubetumi. Ɛnyɛ wo nko ara, na nnipa pii wɔ hɔ a wobetumi aboa. Apɔwmuden ne anigye a wobɛkɔ so atra hɔ ne nea ɛho hia!

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