So wo ba no nyɛ kɛse sɛnea wɔhwɛ kwan wɔ awotwaa mu no? Momma yɛnka Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) ho asɛm!

Mpɛn pii no, sɛ ɛna no, wowɔ anidaso sɛ wode akokoaa a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden na wanyin yiye bɛba wiase. Nanso ɛtɔ da bi a, wo ba ketewa a ɔwɔ wo yafunu mu no nnyin ntɛmntɛm sɛnea wopɛ. Nnuruyɛfo frɛ tebea yi Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) , anaasɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) . Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, akokoaa sua ma ne nyinsɛn mfe. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ emu duru nnu nkokoaa afoforo du biara mu akron (ennu ɔha biara mu nkyem 10) wɔ nyinsɛn mfe koro no ara mu.

Seesei, ɛnyɛ nkokoaa nyinaa na wonyin pɛpɛɛpɛ. Esiane sɛ akokoaa bi "ketewa" nti, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wɔwɔ IUGR. Te sɛ yɛn ara no, ebinom yɛ tenten na ebinom nso yɛ tiaa. Akokoaa a ne kɛse yɛ 5'1" no nni apɔwmuden a ɛba fam sen akokoaa a ne kɛse yɛ 6'4". Ɛte saa, nkokoaa dodow no ara a wɔwo wɔn nketewa no wɔ apɔwmuden. Nanso, ɛnanom binom wɔ akwahosan tebea horow bi a ebetumi asiw wɔn ba no nyin ano.

Dɛn ne IUGR ahorow atitiriw?

Nnuruyɛfo kyekyɛ IUGR mu abien titiriw:

1. Symmetric IUGR (Primary IUGR): Eyi ne baabi a akokoaa no nipadua nyinaa – ne ti, ne yafunu, ne akwaa – nyinaa kɛse yɛ pɛ. Wohu eyi wɔ nkokoaa a wɔwɔ IUGR no mu bɛyɛ 30% mu.

2. Asymmetric IUGR (secondary IUGR): Ɛha yi, akokoaa no ti ne n’amemene kɛse yɛ nea ɛfata, nanso yafunu no nkutoo na ɛyɛ ketewaa. Eyi ne ɔkwan a ɛtaa ba, na ɛyɛ nkokoaa a wɔwɔ IUGR no bɛyɛ 80%.

Awotwaa mu nyin ho anohyeto yi abu so dɛn?

Wobetumi ahu saa IUGR tebea yi wɔ nyinsɛn bɛyɛ 10% mu. Nanso, nea ɛho hia ne sɛ, sɛ akokoaa no sua sen sɛnea ɔte daa mpo a, ɛnkyerɛ bere nyinaa sɛ ɔwɔ IUGR. Enti, eye sɛ worensuro a ɛho nhia, ɛnte saa?

Bere bɛn na wɔtaa hu IUGR?

Wɔtaa susuw sɛ IUGR wɔ nyinsɛn adapɛn 20 akyi. Bere biara a wobɛkɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn no, wɔbɛsusuw wo fundal height – kwan a ɛda wo pubic bone ntam kosi w’awotwaa atifi. Sɛ saa susudua yi sua sen sɛnea wɔhwɛɛ kwan a, ebia wo duruyɛfo besusuw sɛ IUGR na ɔde wo akɔma wɔnkɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na IUGR tebea yi bɛka me nyinsɛn no?

Sɛ wohu sɛ wowɔ IUGR a, ɛho behia sɛ wɔhwɛ wo nyinsɛn no so wɔ ɔkwan soronko so kakra. Ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkra sɛ wɔnyɛ scan foforo (ultrasounds) , nhwehwɛmu afoforo, ne ayaresabea nsrahwɛ mpɛn pii de hwɛ sɛnea wo ba no nyin. Sɛ wowɔ aduruyɛ mu tebea foforo a ɛde wo IUGR reba a, ebia wo duruyɛfo nso befi ase asa saa tebea no. Nanso, eyi nyinaa gyina w’akwahosan ne wo ba no akwahosan so.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wo duruyɛfo betumi abu wo nyinsɛn no sɛ "asiane kɛse." Nanso, nkokoaa pii a wɔahu sɛ wɔwɔ IUGR no wɔ apɔwmuden na nea ehia ara ne sɛ wɔde wɔn adwene si wɔn so kakra bio bere a wɔyem no.

Dɛn ne nea enti a wɔbara akokoaa nyin?

Nneɛma pii nti na wobetumi asiw akokoaa nyin ano wɔ saa kwan yi so. Ɛtɔ da bi a, eyi fi ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ awotwaa anaa awotwaa no mu. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ akokoaa no nam eyinom so nya aduannuru, mframa pa, ne mogya a ohia. Enti, sɛ saa nneɛma yi nnɔɔso a, ebia akokoaa no nyin so bɛtew.

Ntease ahorow bi nso wɔ hɔ a ɛfa ɛna no ho:

• Sɛ worehwɛ mmanoma anaa mma mmiɛnsa kwan a .
• Sɛ woadi kan awo akokoaa a ɔwɔ IUGR a .
• Sɛ wowɔ tebea horow te sɛ mogya mmoroso, komayare, anaa mogya dodow a ɛba fam a .
• Sɛ wonom sigaret, wonom nsa, anaa wode nnubɔne afoforo di dwuma a . (Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ eyinom yɛ nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wugyae yɛ!)
• Sɛ wowɔ yare bi a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa te sɛ lupus a .
• Sɛ wowɔ asaabo mu yare a .
• Sɛ worenom nnuru bi (nnuru a wɔde ko tia akisikuru) de sa tebea horow te sɛ akisikuru a .
• Sɛ wowɔ asikreyare (Diabetes Mellitus) a .
• Sɛ wunya ɔyare mmoawa te sɛ rubella, syphilis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), anaa toxoplasmosis bere a wonyinsɛn a.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, IUGR nso betumi afi awo anaa awosu mu yare bi a ɛwɔ akokoaa no mu, sɛ nhwɛso no , Down syndrome (Trisomy 21) . Wɔahu nso sɛ ebia nkokoaa a ɛnanom a wɔte mmeae a ɛkorɔn woo wɔn no mu duru a ɛba fam wɔ awo mu.

Dɛn ne ade titiriw a ɛma awotwaa no nyin ano hye?

Ɛyɛ den sɛ yɛbɛka no pen sɛ nea ɛde awotwaa no nyin anohyeto ba. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nneɛma pii betumi de aba, anaasɛ wontumi nhu nea ɛde ba pefee. Wo duruyɛfo bɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ obehu nea ɛde ba (sɛ ebi wɔ hɔ a).

Dɛn ne IUGR ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

Ɛnanom dodow no ara nnya sɛnkyerɛnne pɔtee biara a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔn ba no sua sen adapɛn dodow no. Ɛtɔ da bi a, ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wo yafunu anaa wo ba no nyɛ kɛse sɛnea wohwɛ kwan no. Nanso, wo duruyɛfo nkutoo na obetumi ahu no yiye sɛ ebia wowɔ IUGR anaa.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu IUGR tebea yi?

Sɛ wubehu IUGR a, ɛsɛ sɛ wudi kan hu da a ɛsɛ sɛ wowo, a mpɛn pii no wɔde da a edi kan wɔ wo bra a etwa to ne ultrasound a wɔyɛ wɔ ɔsram abiɛsa a edi kan no mu na ɛkyerɛ . Sɛ wunim da yi a, ɛma wo duruyɛfo nya nea obegyina so ahu IUGR.

Afei, oduruyɛfo no bɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ ɔbɛfa akwan horow pii so ahu IUGR:

• Uterine fundal height: Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, wo duruyɛfo de krataa a wɔde susuw ade bɛsusuw ɔsorokɔ a efi wo pubic bone so kosi wo uterus atifi (te sɛ wo "baby bump" kɛse). Adapɛn 20 akyi no, ɛsɛ sɛ saa tenten yi bɛyɛ pɛ ne adapɛn dodow a woanyinsɛn wɔ sɛntimita (cm) mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wunyinsɛn adapɛn 32 a, ɛsɛ sɛ w’awotwaa tenten bɛyɛ sɛntimita 32. Sɛ saa susudua yi sua sen sɛntimita 4 mpo sen sɛnea wɔhwɛɛ kwan (i.e., sɛntimita 28 anaa nea ennu saa wɔ nhwɛso yi mu) a, wo duruyɛfo betumi asusuw sɛ IUGR. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wo duruyɛfo no de ne nsa bɛka wo ba no kɛse ho akontaa.
• Wo Mu duru: Wɔhwɛ wo mu duru wɔ ayaresabea nsrahwɛ biara mu. Sɛ wo mu duru nnkɔ soro yiye a, ebetumi ayɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wo ba no nso mu duru nkɔ soro yiye.
• Ultrasound: Sɛ wohu sɛ wowɔ IUGR a, ɛho behia sɛ wɔyɛ wo scan daa wɔ wo nyinsɛn no nyinaa mu de hwɛ sɛnea wo ba no nyin. Wɔ saa scan yi mu no, wo duruyɛfo no de afiri bi (wand anaa probe) bɛfa wo yafunu so. Nnyigyei asorɔkye no ma wo ba no mfonini. Oduruyɛfo no de mfonini no bedi dwuma de asusuw wo ba no mu duru ne ne kɛse. Wobetumi de scan no nso ahwɛ mogya a efi awotwaa no mu kɔ akokoaa no mu fa awotwaa mu hama no mu (a wɔfrɛ no Doppler flow test). Mogya a ɛnkɔ yiye no betumi ayɛ IUGR ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Scan no nso tumi susuw nsu dodow a ɛwɔ akokoaa no ho. Nsu yi (oligohydramnios) a ɛba fam nso betumi ayɛ IUGR ho sɛnkyerɛnne.
• Fetal monitoring: Wo duruyɛfo de afiri bi a wɔde hwɛ w’awotwaa mu de ahama bɛka wo awotwaa ho. Ɛho behia sɛ woda fam na wohyɛ saa afiri yi bɛyɛ simma 30. Eyi bɛkyerɛw sɛnea akokoaa no koma bɔ. Oduruyɛfo no de nea efi mu ba yi bedi dwuma de ahwɛ sɛ ebia nkɔso mu haw biara wɔ hɔ anaa.
• Amniocentesis: Saa nhwehwɛmu yi betumi aboa ma wɔahu nea ɛde IUGR ba a wofi awo mu. Ɛha yi, oduruyɛfo no de ade teateaa bi fa wo honam ani hyɛ wo awotwaa mu na ɔfa awotwaa mu nsu a atwa akokoaa no ho ahyia no kakraa bi na ɔde kɔ aduruyɛdan mu kɔhwɛ. Eyi nyɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔyɛ no daa, na sɛ ɛho hia nkutoo a, wɔyɛ.

Nsuro bere a oduruyɛfo no ka kyerɛ wo sɛ yɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo no. Nkokoaa binom sua sen sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ, nanso wɔwɔ apɔwmuden na wɔyɛ nnam.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa awotwaa no nyin anohyeto?

IUGR ayaresa no gyina baabi a woakɔ akyiri wɔ wo nyinsɛn no mu ne wo ba no akwahosan so. Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, ano aduru biako biara nni hɔ a ɛbɛma wɔabara awotwaa no nyin. Wo duruyɛfo bɛhwɛ wo ne wo ba no yiye ahwɛ ahu sɛ ɔhaw biara nni ho. Wɔbɛsa aduruyɛ mu tebea biara a ɛda adi a ebia ɛde tebea no ba no nso.

Wobetumi ayɛ nea edidi so yi sɛ ayaresa:

• Nhwɛso a ɛkɔ soro: Oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ wo ne wo ba no yiye. Wɔbɛhwɛ sɛnea akokoaa no nyin daa denam scan ne nhwehwɛmu afoforo so.
• Awo ntɛm: Sɛ nyinsɛn no nkɔ yiye anaasɛ akokoaa no wɔ asiane mu a, ebia wo duruyɛfo no besi gyinae sɛ ɔbɛma awo ntɛm (ansa na adi adapɛn 37). Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wobetumi akamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ oprehyɛn (C-section) , efisɛ awo a wɔde fa ɔbea awotwaa mu no betumi ayɛ adwennwen ama akokoaa a ontumi nnyin no.
• Corticosteroid nnuru: Sɛ wo duruyɛfo kamfo kyerɛ sɛ fa wo ba no nwo ntɛm a, wobetumi ama wo aduru bi a ɛma wo ba no ahurututu mu nkɔso.

Wɔ nsɛm a ɛntaa nsi koraa, anaasɛ emu yɛ den mu no, ebia wo duruyɛfo besi gyinae sɛ obegye wo akɔ ayaresabea ma wɔahwɛ wo yiye.

So awiei koraa no, nkokoaa a wontumi nnyin no benyin te sɛ mmofra afoforo?

Mpɛn pii no, yiw! Nkokoaa dodow no ara a wɔde IUGR woo wɔn no nyin bɛyɛ sɛ mmofra afoforo a wɔn mfe akɔ anim bere a wɔadi bɛyɛ mfe 3 no. Nanso, ɛho hia sɛ yɛkae sɛ ɛsono sɛnea abofra biara nyin. Afei nso, nhyɛ wo ba no aduan. Saa a wɔbɛyɛ no betumi de akwahosan ho haw afoforo te sɛ kɛseyɛ mmoroso anaa asikreyare aba. Wo ba no mmofra oduruyɛfo betu wo fo sɛ wo ba no nyin nkɔ sɛnea wɔhwɛ kwan no a.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ na ama me ba no nyin akɔ anim?

Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ nnuan bi a wubedi no bɛma wo ba no mu duru akɔ soro. Nanso, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wɔkamfo kyerɛ sɛ wubedi aduan a ahoɔden wom bere a wonyinsɛn no. Nnuan a nnuaba, nhabannuru, carbohydrates a ahoɔden wom, ne protein pii wom bɛma wo ne wo ba no anya aduannuru a wohia wɔ nyinsɛn mu nyinaa. Mma wo werɛ mmfi sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa ansa na woayɛ nsakrae kɛse biara wɔ w’aduan mu bere a woanyinsɛn no.

Dɛn na metumi ayɛ de asiw IUGR ano?

Nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya IUGR no yɛ kɛse, nanso yebetumi asesa:

• Nnubɔne, nsa, anaa sigaretnom a wɔde di dwuma. (Ɛsɛ sɛ wogyae eyinom koraa!)
• Aduan a ɛnyɛ papa a wobedi akyi.
• Mu duru a ɛnkɔ soro sɛnea ɛsɛ bere a wɔyem no.

Akwahosan tebea bɛn na mewɔ a ɛma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ menya IUGR no yɛ kɛse?

Ebia wobɛkɔ asiane kɛse mu ama FGR/IUGR sɛ wowɔ tebea horow a edidi so yi mu biara a:

• Mogya mmoroso anaa komayare.
• Asikyireyareɛ.
• Mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu anaasɛ mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu a wɔfrɛ no sickle cell.
• Nyarewa a ɛma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa te sɛ lupus.

So IUGR rekɔ?

Ebia akokoaa no "akyere" kakra na wanyin. Nanso, IUGR a wohu no nkɔ. Oduruyɛfo no bɛhwɛ sɛnea akokoaa no nyin no yiye kosi sɛ nyinsɛn no bɛba awiei.

So ebetumi aba sɛ wobɛwo akokoaa ntɛm esiane awotwaa no nyin anohyeto nti?

FGR/IUGR ntaa mma awo ntɛm, nanso ebetumi aba. Sɛ wo ba no nyin nkakrankakra, anaasɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ wo awotwaa anaa wo awotwaa mu a, ebia wo duruyɛfo bɛkamfo akyerɛ sɛ ɔnwo ntɛm. Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, sɛ adwennwen a ɛwɔ awo a wɔde fa ɔbea awotwaa mu ba no dɔɔso dodo ma wo ba a, wobetumi akamfo akyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa oprehyɛn (C-section) nyɛ.

Asiane bɛn na ɛwɔ akokoaa a wɔwoo no a ɔwɔ IUGR so?

Tebea ne ɔhaw ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a ɛbata IUGR ho:

• Asiane kɛse wɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya akokoaa denam oprehyɛn a wɔde oprehyɛn (C-section) ne awo a ɛba ntɛm so.
• Ahomegye ne aduanma a ɛyɛ den betumi aba wɔ awo akyi pɛɛ.
• Oxygen a wonnya (hypoxia) wɔ awo mu.
• Asikre dodow a ɛba fam wɔ mogya mu (hypoglycemia) bere a wɔawo no.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhwɛ nipadua mu hyew so.
• Meconium aspiration (akokoaa a ɔmene ne nsu a edi kan wɔ awotwaa no mu).
• Polycythemia (mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ dodow a ɛkɔ soro).
• Nkwammoaa a wɔko tia no so tew.

Ebia ɛho behia sɛ nkokoaa binom a wɔwo wɔn ntɛm anaa nketewa no tra ayaresabea kyɛ anaasɛ wonya ɔhwɛ titiriw wɔ Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) .

IUGR betumi anya nkɛntɛnso a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ, a egyina nneɛma a edidi so yi so:

• Ayaresa tebea a ɛda adi a ɛde bae no.
• Hwɛ sɛnea akokoaa no nyin ano hye.
• Adapɛn dodow ahe na atwam wɔ nyinsɛn no mu bere a wɔawo akokoaa no.

Ebia wo ba no wɔ asiane kɛse mu sɛ obenya adwene anaa nkɔso mu haw ahorow te sɛ dwumadi a ɛtra so, amemene mu yare , sɔhwɛ mu nkontaa a enye wɔ sukuu mu, na ebetumi nso ayɛ asiane kɛse sɛ obenya kɛseyɛ mmoroso ne koma ne ntini mu yare akyiri yi.

Sɛ me ba no wɔ IUGR a, dɛn na meyɛ?

Nea edi kan koraa no, mma wo ho nnpopo.Mpɛn pii no, eyi nyɛ biribi a woyɛe. Nneɛma bi a wubetumi ayɛ de aboa ni:

• Hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛkɔ wo bere a woakɔ ansa na woawo ne nkokoaa nhwehwɛmu (te sɛ scan) nyinaa ase.
• Sɛ wonom nnubɔne, wonom sigaret, anaa wonom nsa a, gyae saa nneɛma no yɛ mprempren ara.
• Di aduan a ahoɔden wom na nya calories dodow a ɛho hia da biara.
• Gye w’ahome sɛnea ɛsɛ, anyɛ yiye koraa no da nnɔnhwerew awotwe anadwo biara.
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ba no kankyee so retew a, ma w’ani nna hɔ. (Akwan bi wɔ hɔ a wobɛfa so akan wo ba no akuturuku dodow a ɔbɔ da koro, bisa wo duruyɛfo.)
• Ka nnuru biara a wobɛnom ho asɛm kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo no nokwarem.

Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nyɛ adwuma na woate saa yare a wɔahu yi, nsɛnnennen a ebetumi aba, ne nsakrae a wubetumi ayɛ wɔ w’asetra mu ase yiye.

Sɛ me ba no sua a, so ɛsɛ sɛ ɛhaw me?

Mpɛn pii no, dabi. Ɛsono sɛnea nkokoaa nyin ntɛmntɛm. Nanso, nsonsonoe wɔ sɛ wobehu sɛ ɔwɔ ketewa ma nyinsɛn mfe ne nea wohu sɛ ɔwɔ awotwaa mu nyin anohyeto (FGR/IUGR) ntam. Wohu FGR/IUGR bere a akokoaa sua sen nkokoaa afoforo du biara mu akron a wɔn mfe yɛ pɛ no. Ebetumi aba koraa sɛ akokoaa bɛyɛ ketewaa ansa na nyinsɛn mfe no anya apɔwmuden na ɛnyɛ nea asiane kɛse wom sɛ obenya nsɛnnennen. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa mfa nneɛma biara a ɛhaw wo ho.

Nsɛm bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa me duruyɛfo?

Ɛtaa ba sɛ wubenya nsɛmmisa fa sɛnea wohu sɛ obi anya awotwaa mu nyin anohyeto (IUGR) ho. Nsɛmmisa bi a wubetumi abisa wo duruyɛfo ni:

• So wunim nea ɛde IUGR ba?
• Mpɛn ahe na ɛsɛ sɛ meba ayaresabea ahorow a wɔhwɛ wɔn ansa na wɔawo?
• So biribi wɔ hɔ a metumi ayɛ de aboa me ba no ma wanyin?
• So me ba no wɔ asiane mu sɛ obenya akwahosan tebea biara?
• So ɛho behia sɛ me ba no tra ayaresabea bere tenten wɔ awo akyi?
• So me ba no betumi anya akwahosan ho tebea bi akyiri yi?

Nneɛma pii nti na ebia akokoaa sua ansa na wɔawo no. Wo duruyɛfo bɛhwɛ sɛ ebia ɔhaw bi a ɛda adi a ɛresiw akokoaa no nyin kwan anaa. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, esiane ntease biara nti, wobetumi awo akokoaa ketewaa bi asen sɛnea ɛte daa. Sɛ wohu sɛ wo ba no anya IUGR a, w’aduruyɛfo kuw no bɛhwɛ sɛnea wo ba no nyin yiye wɔ nyinsɛn no nyinaa mu. Nea ɛho hia wɔn ne sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ ahu sɛ wo ne wo ba no benya ɔhwɛ ne ayaresa a wohia. Nkokoaa dodow no ara a wɔde IUGR woo wɔn no nni akwahosan ho haw biara.

Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte ehu ne dadwen nka bere a wuhu sɛ wo ba no nnyin sɛnea wɔhwɛ kwan wɔ awotwaa mu, anaasɛ ɔwɔ IUGR no. Nanso yɛsrɛ sɛ kae sɛ, wɔwo nkokoaa pii a wɔwɔ apɔwmuden, wɔn ho ye, na wonyin yiye wɔ tebea horow yi mu.

Ade a ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ:

• Kɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn daa na di n’akwankyerɛ so pɛpɛɛpɛ.
• Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobewie sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔayɛ ho nhyehyɛe nyinaa wɔ bere ano.
• Asetra a ahoɔden wom a wobɛtra – adidi pa, kwati sigaretnom ne nsa.
• Ɛsɛ sɛ wo ne oduruyɛfo no susuw nsɛmmisa anaa ehu biara a ɛwɔ w’adwenem ho na wɔma emu da hɔ.

Ɛnyɛ wo nko ara, nnuruyɛfo ne abusua mufo wɔ hɔ a wɔbɛboa wo. Susuw nneɛma pa ho, hwɛ wo ho ne wo ba ketewa no yiye.

` Awotwaa mu nyin anohyeto, IUGR, FGR, awotwaa nyin anohyeto, awotwaa mu ahokyere, nyinsɛn akwahosan, awotwaa nkɔso