So wo koma valve no retu kakra? Momma yensua Mitral Valve Regurgitation ho ade!

So ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ den ma wo mpofirim sɛ wobɛhome? Anaasɛ wote nka sɛ biribi a ɛyɛ nwonwa, a emu yɛ duru wɔ wo moma so? Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wote nka sɛ woabrɛ bere a woayɛ nnwuma nketenkete mpo awie no? Ade biako nti a nneɛma a ɛtete saa ba no betumi ayɛ ɔhaw a ɛwɔ ɔpon ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ wo koma mu, kyerɛ sɛ, valve bi. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka Mitral Valve Regurgitation a ɛyɛ tebea a ɛte saa ho asɛm. Mma ɛnhaw wo, momma yɛnte eyi ase kɛkɛ.

Dɛn ne saa mitral valve yi a ɛwɔ koma no mu? Sɛ ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye a, dɛn na ɛba?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, mitral valve no yɛ ɔpon a ɛda atifi dan (benkum so atrium) ne ase dan (benkum so ventricle) ntam wɔ wo koma no benkum so. Fa no sɛ ɛte sɛ ɔpon bi a ɛwɔ wo fie. Ɛsɛ sɛ wobue ɔpon yi na wɔto mu yiye, na ɛma mogya fi ɔdan a ɛwɔ soro no mu kɔ ɔdan a ɛwɔ fam no mu. Afei, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔto ɔpon yi mu yiye na ama mogya afi ɔdan a ɛwɔ fam no mu akɔ wo nipadua no fã a aka no mu. Anyɛ saa a, mogya no befi ase asan akɔ soro dan no mu.

Nanso ɛtɔ da bi a, ɔpon yi nto mu yiye. Sɛnea ɛtɔ mmere bi a apon a ɛwɔ yɛn afie mu no ntoto mu yiye, na ɛma baabi kakra. Eyi betumi afi ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ ɔpon no ankasa mu, kyerɛ sɛ, valve ntini no ho. Anaasɛ ebetumi afi ɔhaw bi a ɛwɔ afasu a atwa ɔpon no ho ahyia, kyerɛ sɛ, koma no benkum so adan no ho. Nanso, sɛ ɔpon yi anto mu yiye a, mogya bi tu kɔ akyi, kyerɛ sɛ, ɛkɔ ɔdan a ɛwɔ soro no mu. Eyi ne nea yɛfrɛ no mitral valve regurgitation anaa ``Mitral Regurgitation - MR''.

Fa no sɛ ɛte sɛ nsu a wɔde fa nsu mu. Sɛ wɔanto tap no mu yiye a, nsu bɛtu afi mu, ɛnte saa? Saa na ɛte wɔ eyi ho.

Sɛ saa nsuo a ɛretu yi sua, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ baabi a ɛwɔ ɔpon no mu no sua koraa a, ebia ɛrenyɛ ɔhaw kɛseɛ. Wo koma tumi di ho dwuma, enti ebia worente nsonsonoe biara nka. Nanso, sɛ saa nsu a ɛretu yi sõ, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔpon no abue kɛse a, wo koma te nka sɛ ɛreyɛ basaa kɛse. Efisɛ ɛsɛ sɛ koma no yɛ adwumaden sen sɛnea ɛtaa yɛ na ama mogya dodow a ehia na ama akɔ n’anim no. Bere kɔ so no, koma no ntumi nni eyi ho dwuma bio, na ebia wubenya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne nsɛnnennen afoforo.

Wɔsan frɛ saa tebea yi sɛ:

• Mitral valve a ɛnnɔɔso (`(Mitral valve a ɛnnɔɔso)`)
• Mitral valve a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye
• Mitral valve a ɛretu (`(Mitra valve a ɛretu)`) .

Nokwarem no, mitral valve prolapse ne komayare a abu so sen biara wɔ aman te sɛ United States mu. Ɛtaa ba nnipa a wɔn mfe akɔ anim mu titiriw, titiriw wɔn a wɔadi boro mfe 65.

So mitral valve a ɛtwetwe nsuo ahodoɔ bi wɔ hɔ?

Yiw, ahorow abien titiriw na ɛwɔ hɔ:

1. Mitral regurgitation a edi kan (`(Mitral regurgitation a edi kan)`) .: Wɔ eyi mu no, ɔhaw no fi valve no ankasa so. Ɛyɛ nea efi nhyehyɛe a ɛsɛe wɔ valve no fã biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a ɛmma entumi nto mu yiye no mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebia valve nkrataa no bɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw dodo na entumi nsiw ano yiye, anaasɛ ɛbɛyɛ den na entumi ntoto mu yiye.

2. Secondary mitral regurgitation : Eyi fi komayare foforo a ɛka koma no mu adan (benkum atrium anaa ventricle) a ɛboa valve no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, koma mu ntini mu yare (cardiomyopathy) betumi ama koma no ayɛ kɛse na ayɛ mmerɛw. Saa nsakrae yi betumi ama valve no akɔ baabiara na ɛnto mu yiye.

Ɛmfa ho sɛnea ɛyɛ leak no, ebetumi ayɛ kɛse mpofirim (`(Acute)`), anaasɛ ebetumi ayɛ kɛse nkakrankakra bere a bere kɔ so no (`(Chronic)`).

Sɛ nsu a ɛretu wɔ mitral valve no mu a, sɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na ebetumi aba?

Sɛ nsuo a ɛretu no sua a, ebia worennya yareɛ no ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara. Nanso sɛ nsu a ɛtwetwe no yɛ kɛse na efi ase ka koma no dwumadi a, sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba ne ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa (ahome a ɛyɛ den) . Ebia wobɛte nka sɛ wuntumi nnya mframa a ɛdɔɔso nkɔ w’ahurututu mu, anaasɛ wobɛte nka sɛ wo home yɛ wo yaw bere a wugyina hɔ ara kwa, woda fam, worebɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛda, anaasɛ woreyɛ nnwuma a ɛnyɛ den mpo no.

Ebia sɛnkyerɛnne afoforo nso wɔ hɔ:

• Koko mu yaw a ɛnyɛ nea wɔtaa yɛ.
• Ɛwa.
• Nan anaa anan a ɛho ahonhon (`(Edema)`).
• Ɔbrɛ kɛse a wɔte nka (`(Ɔbrɛ)`).
• Ɛte sɛ nea woatɔ piti, nanso ɛnkɔ so ankasa (`(Presyncope)`).
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo koma bɔ resakra, te sɛ nea wo moma so rebɔ (`(Heart palpitations)`).

Saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi betumi aba nkakrankakra anaasɛ efi ase mpofirim.

Eyi yɛ asɛm a egye ntɛmpɛ! Sɛ wuhu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a, kɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara!

Sɛ wo koma reyɛ adwuma denneennen dodo a, wubetumi anya komayare a emu yɛ den ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Eyinom betumi aba mpofirim, enti hwɛ yiye wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi ho:

• Ahome a wɔhome denneennen.
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo yaw.
• Ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome bere a woada fam no.
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ wo koko mu ayɛ wo den.
• Sɛ pulse oximeter a ɛwɔ fie kyerɛ sɛ oxygen dodow a ɛwɔ mogya no mu no sua a.

Koma a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye yɛ aduruyɛ mu tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ a koma no gyae adwumayɛ mpofirim na ebetumi de ne nkwa ato asiane mu. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ wɔhwehwɛ ayaresa ntɛm.

Dɛn nti na mitral valve yi ntumi nto mu yiye? Dɛn ne nea enti a ɛte saa?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no, ɔhaw yi ba bere a mitral valve no ntumi nto mu yiye no. Saa valve yi wɔ flaps (nkratawa) abien. Wobue na wɔto mu na ama mogya atumi afi ɔdan a ɛwɔ soro no mu akɔ ɔdan a ɛwɔ fam no mu.

Sɛ saa nkrataa yi anaa valve no afã afoforo sɛe, anaasɛ nyarewa ahorow ma valve no ntumi nto mu yiye a, mogya kakra tu kɔ akyi bere biara a valve no bɛto mu.

Nea enti a ɛte saa no gu ahorow gyina MR ko a wowɔ (mfitiase anaa nea ɛto so abien) so.

Mitral valve regurgitation titiriw betumi afi:

• Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) : Eyi ne ade a ɛtaa de ba wɔ aman a wɔanya nkɔso mu.
• Koma mu yare a ɛma obi ho yɛ hyew : Eyi ne ade titiriw a ɛde ba wɔ wiase nyinaa.
• Ntini a ɛka bom yɛ nyarewa (`(Nkitahodi mu nyarewa)`).
• Cleft mitral valve yɛ koma mu dɛmdi a wɔde awo obi.
• Ɔyare mmoawa a ɛba koma no mu ntini (endocarditis).
• Komayare a ɛnam mframa a wɔde sa yare so (`(Radiation heart disease)`).
• Akwanhyia mu opira.

Mitral valve regurgitation a ɛto so abien no betumi afi:

• Ischemic cardiomyopathy (eyi ne nea abu so sen biara) fi mogya ntini a ɛma koma no siw.
• Atrial fibrillation, koma a ɛbɔ a ɛnteɛ daa.
• Dilated cardiomyopathy (yare a ɛba koma ntini mu a ɛma koma no yɛ kɛse a wonnim nea enti a ɛte saa) .
• Yare a ɛnam koma ntini a ɛyɛ den (`(Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy)`) so ba.

Sɛ tebea yi mu yɛ den a, nsɛnnennen bɛn na ebetumi aba?

Sɛ wɔansa a, mitral valve a ɛporɔw no betumi de nkwa ato asiane mu. Nsɛnnennen a ebetumi aba no bi ni:

• Wo koma fi ase bɔ a ɛnteɛ (`(Atrial fibrillation)`), a ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi ama woanya akisikuru.
• Wo koma ntumi mfa mogya a ɛdɔɔso nkɔ nipadua no mu (`(Heart failure)`).
• Nhyɛso a ɛwɔ ntini a ɛde mogya fi koma no mu kɔ ahurututu mu no kɔ soro (`(Pulmonary hypertension)`).
• Ebia koma no agyae bɔ mpofirim (`(Sudden cardiac arrest)`).

Ɔkwan bɛn so na oduruyɛfo tumi hu yare yi pɛpɛɛpɛ?

Ade a edi kan a oduruyɛfo yɛ ne sɛ ɔbɛhwehwɛ wo mu yiye. Hɔ:

• Wobisa wo yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne nyarewa afoforo a wowɔ ho asɛm.
• Wɔbɛhwɛ wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛho hia te sɛ wo mogya mmoroso ne wo koma a ɛbɔ no.
• Wɔhwɛ nipadua no mu sɛ ebia ɛho ahonhon (edema).
• Afiri a wɔde tie asɛm bɛtie wo koma ne w’ahurututu. Sɛ wote koma nnyigyei a ɛnteɛ (``koma mu nwiinwii'') a, ebetumi ayɛ valve yare ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Afei oduruyɛfo no bɛhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu pii na ama wɔahu nsɛm pii.

Nhwehwɛmu bɛn na wɔyɛ de hu yare yi?

Nnuruyɛfo taa yɛ nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔfrɛ no transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) de hwehwɛ sɛ biribi a ɛretu wɔ wo mitral valve no mu anaa. Eyi yɛ scan a ɛnyɛ yaw, a ɛnyɛ nea wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu. Ebetumi ahwɛ sɛ nsu bi retu wɔ wo valve no mu ne ɔhaw afoforo a ɛwɔ wo koma no nhyehyɛe anaa ne dwumadi mu anaa. Sɛ wo duruyɛfo pɛ sɛ ɔhwɛ wo valve no yiye a, wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔfrɛ no transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) nso.

Wo duruyɛfo betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo na ama wɔahu sɛnea wo tebea no mu yɛ den na wayɛ ayaresa ho nhyehyɛe. Ebia sɔhwɛ ahorow yi bi ne:

• A `(CT scan)` a ɛkyerɛ koma no (`(Koma mu CT scan - kɔmputa so tomography scan)`).
• `(Echocardiogram)` a wɔyɛe bere a wɔreyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ (`(Apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ adwennwen echocardiogram)`).
• Koma mu MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) nhwehwɛmu.
• Koma mu catheterization, a wɔsan frɛ no koma cath anaa coronary angiogram.

Dɛn ne ayaresa ahorow a wɔde sa mitral valve leakage?

Biribiara nni hɔ a wɔfrɛ no "aduru biako a ɛfata obiara". Nnuruyɛfo bɛhyɛ ayaresa no ma ɛne w’ahiade ahorow ahyia. Wobesusuw nea edidi so yi ho:

• Mitral regurgitation ko a wowɔ (mfitiase anaa nea ɛto so abien).
• Sɛnea wo tebea no mu yɛ den. Wobetumi aka ho asɛm sɛ ɔfã A, B, C, D. D ne ɔfã a emu yɛ den sen biara.
• Asiane a ɛwɔ nsɛnnennen a efi oprehyɛn mu ba.

Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛkyerɛ wo ayaresa akwan horow mu, a nea eye ne nea enye ka ho. Hwɛ hu sɛ wubebisa nsɛm sɛ biribi wɔ hɔ a wonte ase a. Saa kwan no so no, wubetumi asi gyinae a ɛfata.

Mitral regurgitation ne ade a ɛto so abien a wɔtaa yɛ koma no mu oprehyɛn wɔ Atɔe Fam aman mu (nea edi kan ne aortic valve stenosis).

Ayaresa ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a wobetumi apaw:

Mitral valve a wosiesie (`(Mitral valve a wosiesie)`)

Nneɛma a wubetumi apaw ama eyi:

• Koma a wɔabue mu oprehyɛn.
• Koma oprehyɛn a wɔde ntwitwiridii nketenkete di dwuma (`(Minimally invasive heart surgery)`).
• Mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER): Wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu no, oduruyɛfo no de afiri tenten a ɛyɛ tratraa (catheter) di dwuma de kyekyere biribi ketewaa bi wɔ wo valve nkrataa no ho. Saa clip yi boa ma nkrataa no to mu yiye.

Mitral valve a wɔde besi ananmu (`(Mitral valve a wɔde besi ananmu)`)

Nneɛma a wubetumi apaw ama eyi:

• Wɔbɛma wo oprehyɛn a wɔde koma abue (`(Open-heart surgery)`) na wɔde mitral valve foforo bɛhyɛ mu. Wobetumi de dade (`(mfiri)`) ayɛ saa valve yi anaasɛ wɔde mmoa ntini (`(bioprosthetic)`) ayɛ.
• Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) yɛ adeyɛ a ɛnyɛ den pii.

Ayaresa a wɔde sa komayare

Ebia eyi bi ne:

• Nnuru te sɛ nnuru a wɔde siw nsu mu .
• Benkum so ahurututu a ɛboa afiri (LVAD) a wɔde bɛhyɛ nipadua mu.
• Ɔhwɛ a ɛma obi ho dwo no.

Ayaresa a wɔde sa atiridiinini a ɛyɛ den

Ebia eyi bi ne:

• Nnuru a wɔde yɛ nnuru.
• Nneɛma a wɔyɛ.
• Sɛɛgyiri.

Sɛ minya saa yare yi a, m’akwahosan bɛyɛ dɛn?

Nneɛma pii ka sɛnea w’akwahosan bɛyɛ. Nhwɛsoɔ:

• wo mfe a woadi.
• So wowɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ne sɛnea emu yɛ den?
• Sɛnea nsu a ɛretu no mu yɛ den no.
• So wobetumi asiesie wo valve no?
• Faako a asɛe wo koma no akodu.

Esiane sɛ saa nneɛma yi nyinaa ka wo tebea nti, ebia wo tebea no bɛyɛ soronko wɔ afoforo ho. Wo duruyɛfo ne onipa a oye sen biara a obehu sɛnea wo tebea no bɛkɔ so pɛpɛɛpɛ. Onim wo, w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm, ne ayaresa a ebetumi aboa wo.

Saa mitral valve leak yi kɔ soro ntɛmntɛm dɛn?

Wɔ nnipa binom fam no, eyi kɔ so nkakrankakra. Wɔ afoforo fam no, ebetumi anya nkɔso ntɛmntɛm. Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo sɛnea wo tebea no te, mpɛn dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn kɔhwɛ wo, ne sɛnea tebea yi betumi aka wo nkwa nna.

So akwan bi wɔ hɔ a wobetumi afa so asiw yare yi ano?

Ebia ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na wubetumi asiw eyi ano. Nanso, wubetumi ne wo duruyɛfo ayɛ adwuma de atew asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya komayare ahorow so. Wo duruyɛfo bɛhwɛ w’ayaresa ho abakɔsɛm ne asiane ahorow mu na wama wo afotu a ɛfata wo. Mpɛn pii no, wubetumi ayɛ nea edidi so yi:

• Gyae tawa nneɛma (te sɛ sigaret, beedis) a wɔde di dwuma koraa .
• Yɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ daa.
• Di nnuan a ɛma koma nya ahoɔden.
• Kura mu duru a ɛfata mu ma wo.
• Anyɛ yiye koraa no, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn pɛnkoro afe biara kɔhwɛ no na hu ɔhaw biara ntɛm.
• Sɛ wotaa yɛ wo menewa mu yaw ka atiridii ho, anaasɛ woanya atiridiinini bere bi a atwam a, kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahwɛ me ho?

Ɛyɛ papa bere nyinaa sɛ wubedi wo mogya so na woadi nnuaba ne nhabannuru pii .

Sɛ wode wo ho hyɛ koma mu ahosiesie nhyehyɛe (`(Cardiac rehab)`) mu bere a wɔayɛ koma no ntini oprehyɛn akyi a, ebetumi aboa wo ma woafi ase ateɛteɛ w’apɔw mu bio.

Sɛ wowɔ prosthetic valve foforo a, ebehia sɛ wonom nnuru wɔ ɛno akyi. Ɛho behia sɛ wonom nnuru a ekum mogya a ɛtwetwe mogya (nneɛma a ɛma mogya tu) wo nkwa nna nyinaa na amma mogya antɔ. Ɛho behia nso sɛ wonom nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa de siw endocarditis (koma no mu yare a ɛba koma no mu) ano ansa na woayɛ wo sẽ ho ayaresa na woayɛ ɔhome a ɛwɔ soro no mu nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn? Nsɛmmisa bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mibisa?

Wo duruyɛfo bɛkyerɛ wo mpɛn dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn kɔhwɛ wo. Dodow a wo tebea no mu yɛ den no, dodow no ara na ebehia sɛ wokɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn na woyɛ mfoninitwa nhwehwɛmu (te sɛ scan). Ɛho hia sɛ wudi wo bere a woahyɛ no nyinaa so.Afei oduruyɛfo no betumi ahwɛ wo tebea no so na wakamfo ayaresa akyerɛ wo wɔ bere a ɛfata mu.

Nsɛmmisa bi a wubetumi abisa wo duruyɛfo na ama wahu wo tebea no ho ade pii ni:

• Me mitral valve a ɛretu no mu yɛ den dɛn?
• Ayaresa ahorow bɛn na wokamfo kyerɛ me?
• Dɛn ne mfaso ne ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ ayaresa ahorow no so?
• Nsakrae bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ wɔ asetra mu?
• Mpɛn ahe na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn anaasɛ meyɛ mfoninitwa nhwehwɛmu?
• M’akwahosan bɛyɛ dɛn daakye?

Biribi a ɛsɛ sɛ wususuw ho

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wobɛte nka sɛ woayɛ basaa bere a wote sɛ wowɔ komayare no. Nanso bere a wusua wo tebea no ho ade pii na wunya ayaresa no, ɛrenkyɛ wubetumi akɔ w’anim bio.

Ɛsono sɛnea mitral valve a ɛhwe ase no ka obiara, enti wo duruyɛfo no bɛsiesie w’ayaresa no ma ɛne w’ahiade ahorow ahyia. Mma ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛka wo nsɛmmisa ne wo haw ahorow akyerɛ wo duruyɛfo. Ɔbɛboa wo ma woate sɛnea wo koma yɛ adwuma no ase pii. Ɔbɛkamfo ayaresa ne asetra mu nsakrae a ɛbɛboa wo ma woanya apɔwmuden na woabɔ bra a eye sen biara nso akyerɛ wo.

` Mitral valve, koma valve yare, ahome a ɛyɛ tiaa, komayare, koma oprehyɛn, echocardiogram, mitral valve regurgitation