Dɛn ne mRNA Vaccine? Momma yɛnte ase tiawa

COVID-19 ɔyaredɔm no nti, asɛmfua bi a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ yɛn nyinaa ate na abɛn yɛn asetena paa ne ‘mRNA vaccine’. Ebia wobɛkae sɛ na wɔtaa de edin te sɛ Pfizer ne Moderna ka asɛmfua yi ho asɛm. Nnipa binom kaa ho asɛm yiye paa, bere a na afoforo suro mfiridwuma foforo yi kakra. Enti dɛn ankasa ne mRNA vaccine? Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ yɛn nipadua mu? Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛyɛ soronko wɔ vaccine a wɔde ma daa no ho? So biribi wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ yesuro? Momma yɛnka eyinom nyinaa ho asɛm tiawa, wɔ ɔkwan a wubetumi ate ase so.

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, dɛn ne mRNA vaccine?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, mRNA vaccine yɛ aduru a wɔde siw yare ano a ɛkyerɛkyerɛ, anaasɛ ɛtete yɛn nipadua ma ɛbɔ ne ho ban fi nyarewa ho. Oduruyɛfo anaa akwahosan ho dwumayɛni a wɔatete no de ma wo sɛ ade a wɔde twitwiw nipadua no mu.

mRNA vaccines a wɔapene so sɛ wɔmfa nni dwuma wɔ wiase de besi nnɛ no nkutoo ne nea wɔde bɛbɔ wɔn ho ban afi COVID-19 ho. Ebia wobɛkae edin abien yi yiye:

• Comirnaty® (eyi ne Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine a yɛn nyinaa nim)
• Spikevax® (eyi ne Moderna aduru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban) .

Nanso saa mfiridwuma yi wɔ tumi kɛse. Nyansahufo reyɛ nhwehwɛmu dedaw sɛ ebia wobetumi de mRNA mfiridwuma yi ayɛ nnuru a wɔde bɔ nyarewa afoforo a wɔde yare mmoawa ba, ne nyarewa te sɛ kokoram nso. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ebia yebenya mfaso kɛse afi saa mfiridwuma yi mu daakye.

Okay, enti dɛn ne mRNA yi?

Ɛwom sɛ eyi betumi ayɛ te sɛ nea nyansahu de kakra de, nanso mede nhwɛso a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye bɛkyerɛkyerɛ mu akyerɛ wo.

Fa DNA a ɛwɔ wo nipadua mu no sɛ nhoma a ɛsom bo yiye, a ɛyɛ adwuma yiye wɔ nhomakorabea kɛse bi mu. Akwankyerɛ ne aduannoa ho akwankyerɛ a ehia na ama woatumi akyekye wo nipadua na ama ayɛ adwuma nyinaa wɔ nhoma yi mu. Saa nhoma a ɛyɛ nwonwa yi som bo araa ma wɔmma kwan sɛ wonyi mfi nhomakorabea, na saa ara nso na wɔmma kwan sɛ wɔnyɛ bi. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde sie dwoodwoo.

Afei ɛha na mRNA ba mRNA yɛ "ɔbɔfo Ribonucleic Acid" tiawa. Ɛte sɛ ‘ɔbɔfo’. Nea ɛyɛ ne sɛ ɛkɔ nhoma titiriw (DNA) a ɛwɔ nhomakorabea hɔ no mu na ɛkyerɛw aduannoa ho nyansahyɛ (akwankyerɛ) a wɔde yɛ protein a nipadua no hia saa bere no no bi gu krataa bi so. Afei ɛfa saa krataa no na efi nhomakorabea hɔ, kɔ nkwammoaa no adididan mu (a yɛfrɛ no ribosomes).

Aduannoafo (ribosomes) a wɔwɔ adididan mu no hwɛ aduannoa ho nyansahyɛ (mRNA) a ɔbɔfo no de bae no na wɔyɛ protein no sɛnea wɔkyerɛwee no pɛpɛɛpɛ. Sɛ wɔyɛ adwuma no wie a, wɔtetew krataa a wɔakyerɛw aduannoa ho nyansahyɛ wɔ so no mu na wɔtow gu. Wɔnkora so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na mRNA vaccines yɛ adwuma wɔ yɛn nipadua mu?

Te sɛ nnuru afoforo nyinaa no, mRNA aduru tete yɛn nipadua mu nipadua mu ahoɔden a ɛko tia nyarewa no ma ehu ɔtamfo bi (te sɛ mmoawa) na ɛyɛ akode a ehia na wɔde ako atia saa ɔtamfo no.

Momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea eyi kɔ so wɔ COVID-19 mRNA vaccine no mu:

1. Akwankyerɛ a wode bɛma: Sɛ wo nya vaccine no a, wɔma wo nkwammoaa no ‘recipe’ (mRNA) a wɔde bɛyɛ spike protein , SARS-CoV-2 virus no fã a ɛte sɛ spike a ɛde COVID-19 ba no. Kae sɛ eyi nyɛ mmoawa no nyinaa, anaa ne fã bi mpo. Ɛyɛ ‘akwankyerɛ’ a wɔde yɛ no nkutoo.

2. Nkwammoaa na ɛyɛ protein no: Yɛn nkwammoaa kenkan saa akwankyerɛ no na wofi ase yɛ spike protein. Wɔda protein ahorow yi adi wɔ yɛn nkwammoaa no ani.

3. Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no a wɔma ɛyɛ adwuma: Seesei yɛn nipadua no ahobammɔ (nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa) no hu protein foforo a ɛko tia nyarewa yi na ɛhaw wɔn ho. "Hena ne ɔhɔho yi? Oyi nyɛ yɛn mu biako," esusuw, na ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔyɛ 'ntuafo'.

4. Akode: Afei ahobammɔ asraafo no fi ase yɛ akode soronko de ko tia ɔtamfo yi. Saa akode yi ne nea yɛfrɛ no antibodies . Wɔsan nso yɛ ‘nkae nkwammoaa’ bi a ebetumi akae ɔtamfo yi.

5. Akwankyerɛ no a wɔsɛe no: Sɛnea yɛkenkan nkrasɛm bi na yɛtetew mu na yɛtow gu no, saa ara na yɛn nkwammoaa no gye akwankyerɛ no fi saa mRNA yi mu na ɛsɛe no koraa wɔ nna kakraa bi mu. Ɛnkɔ so tra yɛn nipadua mu, na saa ara nso na ɛnka yɛn DNA ho. Eyi yɛ biribi a nnipa pii nte ase yiye.

Afei fa no sɛ COVID-19 mmoawa ankasa no ahyɛn wo nipadua mu. Saa mmoawa yi nyɛ ɔhɔho mma wo nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no. Wɔahu mmoawa yi spike protein dedaw na wɔasiesie wɔn ho sɛ wɔbɛko atia. Enti, wobetumi asɛe mmoawa no ntɛm ansa na atrɛw wɔ wo nipadua mu. Eyi ne nea ɛbɔ wo ho ban fi yare a emu yɛ den ho.

Nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda amanne kwan so nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban ne mRNA nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban ntam?

Nsonsonoe titiriw no ne ɔkwan a yɛn nipadua mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no hu ɔtamfo no. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na yɛate eyi ase mmerɛw no, momma yɛnhwɛ pon yi .

So nnuru a wɔde bɔ wɔn ho ban nyinaa yɛ COVID-19 mRNA?

Dabi Sɛ nhwɛso no, COVID-19 aduru a wɔfrɛ no Novavax® no nyɛ mRNA aduru. Ɛyɛ protein subunit vaccine a wɔde bɔ nipadua no ho ban. Ɛne sɛ, ɛde SARS-CoV-2 mmoawa no spike protein no asinasin gu nipadua no mu tẽẽ.

Dɛn na ɛba bere a woanya vaccine no?

Saa adeyɛ yi yɛ mmerɛw yiye, na sɛ woabɔ tuo pɛn a, eyi nso te saa ara.

1. Akwahosan ho dwumayɛni bi de nsa a wɔde hyɛ mu bɛhohoro wo nsa atifi (anaasɛ ebia w’asen ama mmofra nkumaa) ho.

2. Afei wɔde ade a ɛyɛ fɛ yiye na ɛma aduru no.

3. Fa plaster kakra gu baabi a wɔatow no.

Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wɔbɛka akyerɛ wo sɛ tra hɔ dinn bɛyɛ simma 15 wɔ aduru no akyi. Eyi yɛ nea wɔde bɛhwɛ sɛ ebia obi a ne ho yɛ no yaw mpofirim na emu yɛ den anaa. Sɛ woyɛ obi a wote nka sɛ wo ho yɛ wo yaw kakra anaasɛ wosuro sɛ wobɛbɔ nnade a, ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛtra ase wɔ saa bere yi mu.

Mfaso bɛn na ɛwɔ mRNA nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban so?

Mfaso atitiriw abien na ɛwɔ saa mfiridwuma yi so.

• Nneɛma a wɔyɛ no ntɛmntɛm: Sɛ wɔbɛyɛ aduru a wɔde bɔ mmoawa a wɔde di dwuma wɔ amanne kwan so a, ɛsɛ sɛ wodua mmoawa no wɔ aduruyɛdan mu. Eyi gye bere tenten. Nanso wɔ mRNA vaccines mu no, enhia sɛ wɔma mmoawa no nyin. Sɛ wohu mmoawa no awosu mu nsɛm wie a, wobetumi ayɛ mRNA a ɛne no hyia no ntɛmntɛm. Enti, sɛ ɔyaredɔm bi ba a, wobetumi ayɛ nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban pii wɔ adapɛn kakraa bi mu, sen sɛ wɔbɛtwɛn asram anaa mfe pii.

• Ahobanbɔ a ɛmma worennya vaccine: COVID-19 vaccine biara a wobɛnya, titire mRNA vaccine no, ma wo saa mfasoɔ yi sɛ wode toto obi a wɔnnyaa vaccine ho a:
• Asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya COVID-19 no so tew.
• Sɛ obi nya ɔyare no mpo a, asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ɔbɛyare denneennen na wada ayaresabea no so tew kɛse.
• Asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi benya COVID tebea a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ bere a ne ho atɔ no afi COVID-19 mu no so tew.

Asiane ne nsunsuanso bɔne bɛn na ɛwɔ mRNA nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban mu?

Te sɛ nnuru biara no, mRNA nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban no wɔ nsunsuanso nketenkete ne akisikuru a ɛntaa nsi koraa. Ɛho hia sɛ wohu eyinom.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Eyi ho hia paa.

Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa foforo biara fa saa vaccine yi ho, anaasɛ wunnim sɛ saa vaccine yi ne w’ayaresa tebea afoforo hyia a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wo ne w’abusua oduruyɛfo bɛkasa. Ɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ biribiara mu akyerɛ wo na wama wo afotu a ɛfata.

Dɛn ne mRNA mfiridwuma yi abakɔsɛm?

Ɛwom sɛ COVID-19 ɔyaredɔm nti agye din mpofirim de, nanso saa mRNA mfiridwuma yi nyɛ biribi a wohuu no nnɛra. Ɛwɔ mfe du du pii nhwehwɛmu abakɔsɛm wɔ n’akyi.

• Nhwehwɛmu titiriw a wɔyɛe wɔ mRNA mfiridwuma ho fii ase wɔ 1970 mfe no mu.
• Ɛyɛ 1990 mfe no mu na nyansahufo dii kan bɔɔ mmɔden sɛ wobehu sɛ wobetumi de ayɛ nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban anaa.
• Nanso na nsɛnnennen akɛse wɔ hɔ saa bere no. mRNA molecule no yɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye. Sɛ ɛba nipadua no mu pɛ a, yɛn nipadua no mu tumi a ɛko tia nyarewa no sɛe no. Na na ɔkwan biara nni hɔ a wɔbɛfa so de akɔ nkwammoaa mu.
• Bere a nyansahufo ayɛ nhwehwɛmu bɛboro mfe 20 akyi no, wɔanya ɔhaw ahorow yi ano aduru. Wosuaa sɛnea wɔbɛyɛ srade nketenkete (lipid nanoparticles) a wɔde kata mRNA molecule no so. Eyi ne nea wɔde di dwuma wɔ nnɛyi nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban mu.
• Awiei koraa no, wɔ afe 2018 mu no, wɔpenee aduru bi a wɔfrɛ no patisiran so sɛ wɔmfa nsa ntini mu yare bi a ɛntaa nsi. Ɔkwan koro no ara a wɔfaa so de RNA kɔ nkwammoaa mu no, akyiri yi buee kwan maa nnwumakuw te sɛ Pfizer ne Moderna sɛ wɔbɛyɛ COVID-19 nnuru.

Ɛyɛ ade a ɛfata sɛ wusuro kakra na w’adwene mu yɛ wo naa wɔ nneɛma foforo ho, titiriw wɔ nnuruyɛ mu. Sɛ biribi ba a ɛyɛ soronko wɔ akwan dedaw a yɛasua no ho a, ɛyɛ den ma yɛn sɛ yebegye adi ntɛm ara. Nanso saa mRNA mfiridwuma yi yɛ biribi a nyansahufo mpempem pii ayɛ wɔ mfe du du pii mu na wɔada no adi sɛ asiane biara nni ho. Eyi nti na sɛ ɔyaredɔm a emu yɛ den ba a, yetumi yɛɛ nnuru a wɔde bɔ nkurɔfo ho ban a ahobammɔ wom na etu mpɔn wɔ asram kakraa bi mu, sen sɛ yɛbɛtwɛn mfe pii.