So ɛyɛ aniwa mu opira a emu yɛ den? (Open Globe Injury) Momma yɛnka eyi ho asɛm nkɔ akyiri!

So woasusuw sɛnea yɛn aniwa te nka na ɛsom bo no ho pɛn? Akwanhyia ketewaa bi mpo betumi asɛe aniwa no kɛse. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, sɛ biribi to aniwa no a, ebetumi ayɛ te sɛ nea ɛnyɛ aniberesɛm biara, nanso ebetumi ayɛ tebea a emu yɛ den ankasa. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka opira bi a ɛyɛ hu paa a ebetumi ato aniwa no ho asɛm. Nnuruyɛfo frɛ eyi `(Open Globe Injury)`. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ɛte sɛ aniwa a apaapae.

Dɛn ne eyi `(Open Globe Injury)`? Momma yɛnte ase wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ den koraa so!

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, ``Open Globe Injury'' yɛ bere a yɛn aniwa – kyerɛ sɛ, aniwa no kurukuruwa, a nnuruyɛfo frɛ no ``globe'' – no, biribi a ɛyɛ den bɔ, anaasɛ biribi a ano yɛ nnam akɔhyɛ mu, na ɛde twa anaa tokuru bi fa aniwa no fasu no mu duru nyinaa mu. Fa no sɛ bɔɔl ketewaa bi a ɛrepae. Sɛ ɛba saa a, aniwa no fasu no ntoto koraa bio. Eyi ma ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no tu fi mu.

Yɛn aniwa fasu no yɛ afã abien. Biako ne ɔfã fitaa , a nnuruyɛfo frɛ no `(Sclera)`. Ɔfoforo no ne ɔfã a ɛda adi wɔ aniwa no anim, a wɔfrɛ no aniwa no ani . `(Open Globe Injury)` ba bere a nea wɔatwa no fa ani no, anim a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, anaa abien no nyinaa mu duru nyinaa mu.

Nea ɛho hia: Eyi yɛ soronko koraa na ɛyɛ aniberesɛm sen aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw!

Aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, a wɔsan frɛ no ``Corneal Abrasion``, yɛ nsensanee ketewaa bi a ɛba aniwa no ani nkutoo. Mpɛn pii no, wɔnyɛ aniberesɛm saa. Nanso, ``Open Globe Injury`` yɛ opira a emu dɔ na emu yɛ den kɛse.

So saa `(Open Globe Injury)` yi ahorow wɔ hɔ?

Yiw, saa opira yi ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a egyina sɛnea ɛba so:

• Globe Rupture: Eyi ba bere a biribi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (a ɛnyɛ nea ɛkyerɛ kwan) te sɛ bɔɔl a ɛyɛ den bɔ aniwa no denneennen no.
• Full-thickness globe laceration: Eyi ba bere a ade a ano yɛ nnam twa aniwa no.
• Globe penetration: Eyi ne bere a ade a ano yɛ nnam bi kɔhyɛ aniwa no mu na ɛkɔ so tra aniwa no mu.
• Globe perforation: Ɛha nso, ade a ano yɛ nnam hyɛn aniwa no mu, nanso ɛfa aniwa no mu na efi mu, anaasɛ efi baabi a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu kɔ baabi foforo.

Ɔkwan biara so no, mma wo werɛ mmfi sɛ esiane sɛ wɔabue aniwa no fasu no fã bi nti, nneɛma a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu betumi apue.

Hena na ɛda adi sɛ obehyia akwanhyia te sɛ eyi?

Nokwarem no, obiara betumi anya ``Open Globe Injury''. Nanso nhwehwɛmu ahorow ada no adi sɛ mmarima wɔ asiane kɛse mu . Titiriw no, mmerante a wonnii mfe 40 betumi anya saa tebea yi mmɔho abien sen mmarima a wɔadi boro mfe 40.

Afei nso, sɛ woadi kan ayɛ w’ani oprehyɛn – sɛ nhwɛso no, aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw oprehyɛn, glaucoma oprehyɛn, anaasɛ w’aniwa a wɔde si ananmu bi a – wo nso wowɔ asiane a ɛkɔ soro kakra mu. Nea enti a ɛte saa ne sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a ntini a ɛbɔ aniwa no ho ban no tumi yɛ mmerɛw kakra wɔ mmeae a wɔyɛɛ oprehyɛn no.

Dɛn ne ``Open Globe Injury'' ho sɛnkyerɛnne? Woyɛ dɛn hu no?

Saa opira yi ho sɛnkyerɛnne betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ onipa biara ho, nanso sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛtaa ba ne:

• Ɛyaw a emu yɛ den wɔ aniwa no mu .
• Ebia wobɛhwere w’ani so anaasɛ w’ani betumi ayɛ kusuu.
• Nsu bi betumi afi aniwa no mu.
• Wubetumi ahu kuru bi a wotumi hu mpo wɔ aniwa no atifi.
• Wubetumi ahu ntini a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no sɛ ɛrepue . Eyi yɛ sɛnkyerɛnne a anibere wom yiye.

Dɛn na ɛde akwanhyia a ɛte saa ba?

Momma yɛnhwɛ nneɛma atitiriw a ɛde saa `(Open Globe Injury)` yi ba:

• Ahwease: Titiriw sɛ wohwe ase na wobɔ wo ti a. Eyi abu so wɔ nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 75. Hwɛ yiye sɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ hwerɛma anaa nneɛma bi wɔ hɔ a ebetumi ahinhim a.
• Nneɛma a ano yɛ nnam te sɛ nkankyee: Eyi ho hia titiriw wɔ afie a mmofra nkumaa wɔ mu. Mma nnyaw nneɛma te sɛ nkankyee ne nnade wɔ baabi a ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobetumi akura mu.
• Nko: Eyi ne nea ebetumi asi bere a wɔabɔ wo ti, kyerɛ sɛ, bere a wɔde wo nsa abɔ wo.
• Kar akwanhyia ne mfiridwuma mu mfiri akwanhyia: Saa tebea yi betumi aba esiane nneɛma nketenkete a wɔtow gu ahoɔhare kɛse so wɔ mmeae a wɔyɛ adwuma, anaasɛ mfiri no ankasa bɛkyere nti.
• Shrapnel: Nneɛma te sɛ atuo asinasin.
• Atuo a wɔtotow.
• Nneɛma a ɛpae: Ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ yiye paa bere a woresɔ ogyaframa mpo no.
• Sekan a wɔde bɔ obi.
• Billy Hook: Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔkɔ mpataayi no nso hwɛ yiye wɔ eyi ho.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na nnuruyɛfo hu ``Open Globe Injury''?

Sɛ wususuw sɛ w’ani apira kɛse te sɛ eyi a, ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ ne sɛ woremfa wo nsa nka w’ani, nhyɛ wo ho, anaasɛ worenpetepete w’ani so esiane biribiara nti. Saa a wobɛyɛ no betumi ama tebea no asɛe kɛse. Ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo nkyɛn anaasɛ wokɔ ayaresabea dwumadibea a ɛhwɛ ntɛmpɛ a ɛbɛn wo no ntɛm ara sɛnea wubetumi.

Oduruyɛfo bɛhwɛ w'ani, atie wo sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow, na ebia obesusuw sɛ ``Open Globe Injury'' bi a egyina sɛnea w'ani hwɛ so. Ɛtɔ da bi a wobetumi ayɛ ``Ultrasound'' anaa ``Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)'' scan, nanso bere a wɔahwɛ ahu sɛ dade asinasin biara nni aniwa no mu akyi nkutoo. Efisɛ sɛ dade asinasin wɔ hɔ a, ``MRI'' betumi ayɛ asiane.

Sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, oduruyɛfo no bebisa wo nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri te sɛ sɛnea akwanhyia no sii, bere a ɛkɔɔ so, ne nea esii wɔ ɛno akyi.Wɔ nhwehwɛmu a edi kan no mu no, wɔmfa nhyɛso biara mma aniwa no. Mpɛn pii no, oduruyɛfo no bɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow a edidi so yi:

• A edi mũ `(Slit kanea aniwa nhwehwɛmu)`. Eyi ma wutumi hu aniwa no afã horow nyinaa yiye.
• `(Snellen aniwa nhyehyɛe)` sɔhwɛ. Eyi ne sɔhwɛ a ɛwɔ "E kɛse" a ɛsɔ sɛnea wubetumi ahu yiye no hwɛ.
• ``Computed Tomography (CT)`` scan a wɔde hwɛ w'anim ne w'anom.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa ``Open Globe Injury''?

(Open Globe Injury) yɛ aduruyɛ mu asɛm a egye ntɛmpɛ. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde wo kɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara. Sɛ akwanhyia no mu apirakuru afoforo a ɛde nkwa to asiane mu wɔ hɔ a, nnuruyɛfo kuw no bedi kan asa wɔn yare. Ɛno ansa na aniwa ho oduruyɛfo no bɛhwehwɛ aniwa no mu.

``Open Globe Injuries'' dodow no ara hia oprehyɛn. Enkosi sɛ wɔbɛyɛ oprehyɛn, anaasɛ sɛ wo pira no nhia oprehyɛn (a ɛntaa nsi koraa) a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ nea edidi so yi:

• Bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛma wo ho adwo wo sɛnea wubetumi biara.
• Mfa wo nsa nka w’ani anaa nhyɛ da. Mfa nhyɛso biara nhyɛ w’ani so.
• Bɔ w’ani ho ban. Nnuruyɛfo bɛkata so.
• Nnyɛ biribiara a ɛbɛma w’ani so ayɛ den. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ wobɛma nneɛma a emu yɛ duru so, wobɛkotow, anaasɛ wobɛpiapia wo ho wɔ tiafi. Bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛkwati sɛ wobɛfefe anaa wobɛfefe sɛnea wubetumi biara. Nanso sɛ wuntumi nnyae a, ma ɛnkɔ. Mma nkura wo ɔfe anaa wo hwene mu.
• Fa aduru a wo duruyɛfo de ma wo no na ama woagyae ɔfe na woate ɛyaw no so sɛnea wɔakyerɛ wo no. (Sɛ wɔamma wo aduru nanso woda so ara te ɛyaw a emu yɛ den anaasɛ wo ho yɛ wo yaw a, ka kyerɛ wo duruyɛfo.)
• Sɛ woda mpa so a , ma wo ti nkɔ soro bɛyɛ digrii 30.
• Sɛ ɛho hia a, kɔ tetanus aduru.

Wɔtaa de oprehyɛn a egye ntɛmpɛ sa Open Globe Injury (OGI) apirakuru, baabi a wɔde nhama ne ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no bom. Sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ wo oprehyɛn a, wo oprehyɛn ho ɔyaresafo no bɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ ɔbɛsan de aniwa mu ntini biara a ayɛ mmerɛw a afi opira no mu aba no abata ho, anaasɛ obeyi ntini biara a asɛe afi hɔ. Wɔbɛbɔ mmɔden nso sɛ wɔbɛma nhyɛso a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no asan aba sɛnea na ɛte kan no.

Sɛ wɔyɛ oprehyɛn wie a, oduruyɛfo no bɛkyerɛw nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa a wɔde bɛhyɛ aniwa no mu na ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔmfa nom. Wɔde nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa yi ma de siw nyarewa a emu yɛ den a ɛba aniwa no mu, te sɛ endophthalmitis, ne nyarewa afoforo ano.

Anyɛ yiye koraa no, egye adapɛn abien ansa na w’ani ayɛ yiye, nanso ɛho da so ara hia sɛ wobɔ w’ani ho ban adapɛn kakraa bi bio.

Ɛho hia yiye sɛ oprehyɛn a edi kan yi boa titiriw ma wɔto aniwa no mu na wofi ayaresa no ase. Mpɛn pii no, ebia wubepira afoforo (te sɛ retina a ɛtwetwe, aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, anaa iris a ɛtetew). Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde oprehyɛn a wɔyɛ akyiri yi sa eyinom yare, bere a aniwa no ayɛ yiye kakra akyi.

Ɛho behia sɛ wokɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn mpɛn pii (nkɔhwɛ a wɔde di akyi) kɔhwɛ sɛ wo ho atɔ wo. Saa nhyehyɛe ahorow yi a wobɛkɔ so ayɛ no ho hia yiye ma w’ani akwahosan.

Dɛn ne nsɛnnennen a ebetumi aba wɔ ``Open Globe Injury'' mu?

Aniwa mu opira a emu yɛ den sen biara no mu biako ne ``Open Globe Injury''. Nea ebefi mu aba no gyina sɛnea opira no te ne baabi a nneɛma a asɛe no kodu so kɛse. Nsɛnnennen bi a ebetumi aba ni:

• Aniwa mu yaw a ɛkɔ so daa.
• Anisoadehu a ɛyera daa anaasɛ aniwa a ɛyɛ kusuu.
• Retina a ɛpaapae.
• Choroidal rupture: Eyi betumi ama mogya atu kɛse na nsakrae aba nhyɛso mu wɔ aniwa no mu.
• Tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no `(Phthisis bulbi)`. Eyi ne bere a aniwa no so tew, nhyɛso a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no sua, na aniwa no "gyae adwumayɛ" bere tenten bi. Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, aniwa no twetwe.
• Nyarewa bi a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu (endophthalmitis). Eyi yɛ aniberesɛm yiye na ebetumi ama aniwa no ayera daa anaasɛ aniwa no mpo ayera.
• Ɛsɛ sɛ woyi aniwa no fi hɔ koraa. Eyi ntaa mma, nanso wɔ tebea horow a emu yɛ den mu no, sɛ opira no mu yɛ den araa ma wontumi nsiesie a, ebia ebehia sɛ woyi aniwa no fi hɔ.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wobetumi atew akwanhyia a ɛte sɛɛ so?

Bere a ɛnyɛ akwanhyia nyinaa na wobetumi asiw ano no, wobetumi ayɛ ahwɛyiye bi de atew asiane no so. Momma yɛnhwɛ nea wɔyɛ:

• Mma nnyaw nneɛma a ano yɛ nnam (te sɛ nkankyee ne nnade) wɔ baabi a mmofra nkumaa betumi adu. Kyerɛkyerɛ wɔn sɛnea wɔde nneɛma a ɛtete saa bedi dwuma yiye.
• Hyɛ ahobammɔ ahwehwɛ bere a woreyɛ adwuma, titiriw bere a wode mfiri reyɛ adwuma, ne bere a woredi contact sports anaa agumadi a ɛkɔ ntɛmntɛm (e.g. cricket, baseball).
• Hwɛ yiye paa bere a woreka kar no.
• Di ahobammɔ ho nhyehyɛe ahorow akyi bere a wode mfiri redi dwuma wɔ adwumam no. Mfa mfiri nyɛ adwuma bere a woabow nsa no.
• Kwati honam fam ntɔkwaw a wo ne nnipa afoforo bɛbɔ.
• Hwɛ yiye titiriw sɛ woadi kan ayɛ w’ani oprehyɛn, anaasɛ sɛ w’ani biako nhu ade yiye dedaw a.
• Yi nneɛma a ebetumi ahwe ase afi ɔpon no mu (ntama a ɛyɛ hwerɛma, nneɛma a ɛho nhia wɔ abɔnten so) na sie. Hwɛ hu sɛ kanea pa wɔ fie no mu.

Sɛ mewɔ ``Open Globe Injury'' a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mehwɛ kwan?

Sɛ wowɔ ``Open Globe Injury'' a, mpɛn pii noƐyɛ papa sɛ wɔbɛyɛ no oprehyɛn wɔ nnɔnhwerew 24 kosi 48 akyi wɔ opira no akyi. Bere a wɔde sa yare no gyina sɛnea na mfitiase opira no mu yɛ den no so.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn?

Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsa aniwa no mu opira biara sɛ aduruyɛ mu ntɛmpɛ . Ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn anaa wokɔ ayaresabea dan a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ ayaresa a egye ntɛmpɛ mu ntɛm ara.

Sɛ wowɔ ``Open Globe Injury'' a, ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛbisa w'ani duruyɛfoɔ deɛ ɛdidi soɔ yi ho asɛm:

• Dwumadi ahorow bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekwati?
• Bere bɛn na metumi asan akɔ adwuma anaa sukuu?
• Ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsɛ sɛ meda mpa so?
• Aniwa aduru bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mede di dwuma?
• Sɛ minya sɛnkyerɛnne biara a, ɛsɛ sɛ mesan kɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn anaasɛ mekɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ ayaresa a egye ntɛmpɛ?
• Aniwa ho animdefo bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ wɔn nkyɛn kɔsa wɔn yare bio? (Sɛ nhwɛso no, ``Retina specialist'' sɛ retina no asɛe a, ``Glaucoma specialist'' sɛ nhyɛso a ɛwɔ aniwa no mu no yɛ kɛse wɔ oprehyɛn akyi a).

Kae sɛ, sɛ wupira w’ani wɔ ntɔkwaw, ahwease, anaa akwanhyia foforo mu a, kɔ ayaresabea baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a egye ntɛmpɛ ntɛm ara. Ebia worenhu saa bere no sɛ wowɔ ``Open Globe Injury''. Nanso, sɛ wowɔ bi a, ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ ayaresabea ntɛm ara na ama w’ani ahu ade yiye, na ebia woagye w’ani. Mmoa wɔ hɔ ma tebea yi. Wubetumi nso aboa ma wɔasiw akwanhyia a ɛte sɛɛ ano denam aniwa ho ahobammɔ a wɔkamfo kyerɛ bere nyinaa a wobɛhyɛ na woaka kar dwoodwoo no so.

Nkrasɛm a Wɔde Kɔ Fie: Momma yɛnkae!

Okay, enti momma yɛnsan nsusuw nsɛm a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛfa `(Open Globe Injury)` a yɛkaa ho asɛm nnɛ no ho:

• ``Open Globe Injury'' yɛ opira a emu yɛ den yiye ma aniwa. Ɛfa aniwa no fasu a wɔbɛtetew koraa anaasɛ wɔato mu ho.
• Eyi yɛ soronko koraa na asiane wom sen aniwa a wɔde twitwiw no sɛnea ɛte daa.
• Sɛ wuhu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ aniwa mu yaw kɛse, wunhu ade yiye, anaasɛ nsu a efi aniwa no mu ba a , hwehwɛ aduruyɛfo afotu ntɛm ara.
• Mfa w’ani nhwɛ anaasɛ nhwɛ w’ani so esiane biribiara nti.
• Mpɛn pii no, ɛho hia sɛ wɔyɛ oprehyɛn ntɛm ara.
• Ahobammɔ ho ahwɛyiye a wobedi akyi (ahwehwɛ a wode bɛbɔ wɔn ho ban, nneɛma a ano yɛ nnam a wode bedi dwuma yiye) betumi aboa ma wɔasiw akwanhyia a ɛtete saa ano.

W’ani som bo paa. Enti, ɛyɛ w’asɛyɛde sɛ wobɛhwɛ wɔn. Sɛ biribi to wo a, mma wo ho nnyɛ wo hu anaa wo ho nnyɛ wo hu, na mmom hwehwɛ aduruyɛ mu mmoa ntɛm ara.

` Open Globe Injury, Aniwa mu Opira, Aniwa Akwanhyia, Aniwa Tetew, Aniwa Ho Ayaresa a Egye Ntɛmntɛm, Aniwa a Wɔhwere, Aniwa Oprehyɛn