So mogya mu nkwammoaa ahorow abiɛsa no nyinaa sua? Momma yɛnka pancytopenia ho asɛm!

So ɛtɔ mmere bi a wote nka sɛ wobrɛ bere nyinaa? Anaasɛ woyare wɔ ade ketewaa bi mu, anaasɛ wuhu sɛ akuru wɔ wo nipadua nyinaa so? Eyinom betumi afi nsakrae bi a aba wo mogya mu. Ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka tebea bi a ebetumi aba wɔ mmere a ɛte saa mu, a nnuruyɛfo frɛ no "pancytopenia" ho asɛm. Mma ɛnhaw wo, yɛbɛka eyi ho asɛm tiawa.

Dɛn ne pancytopenia?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, pancytopenia yɛ tebea a mogya mu nkwammoaa atitiriw abiɛsa a ɛwɔ yɛn nipadua mu nyinaa – mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, ne mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ – sua sen sɛnea ɛte daa. Fa no sɛ ɛyɛ adwumayɛbea kɛse bi. Adwumayɛfo ahorow wɔ adwumayɛbea yi mu ma nnwuma ahorow. Saa ara na mogya mu nkwammoaa yi nso te. Ɔkwan biara wɔ adwuma pɔtee bi.

Afei hwɛ nea ɛba bere a nkwammoaa ahorow yi so tew no:

• Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛso tew: Eyinom ne nkwammoaa a ɛde mframa pa kɔ yɛn nipadua mu nyinaa. Protein titiriw bi a wɔfrɛ no hemoglobin wɔ nkwammoaa yi mu . Ɛno na ɛkura oxygen no mu. Enti, sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ anaa hemoglobin so tew a, yɛfrɛ no "mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu" anaa "mogya a enni nipadua mu."
• Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa dodow: Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, anaa leukocytes, te sɛ nipadua no mu nkwammoaa a ɛbɔ ho ban. Wɔko tia mmoawa na wɔbɔ yɛn ho ban fi nyarewa ho. Wɔ nkwammoaa fitaa yi mu no, wɔfrɛ nea ɛdɔɔso sen biara no neutrophils . Wɔfrɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa a ɛso tew no leukopenia . Wɔsan frɛ neutrophils a ɛso tew no neutropenia .
• Nkwammoaa mu nkwammoaa dodow a ɛba fam: Nkwammoaa mu nkwammoaa nketenkete yɛ nkwammoaa asinasin. Nanso wɔyɛ adwuma kɛse. Sɛ yɛtwa a, mogya nkwammoaa yi boa ma mogya no gyae. Wɔho hia paa ma mogya a ɛtwetwe. Enti, sɛ mogya nkwammoaa dodow sua a, wɔfrɛ tebea no thrombocytopenia .

Sɛ wowɔ pancytopenia a, wubetumi anya sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a efi tebea horow yi biako, pii, anaa ne nyinaa mu ba, a egyina sɛnea wo mogya mu nkwammoaa sua so.

Pancytopenia abu so dɛn?

Nokwarem no, tebea a wɔfrɛ no pancytopenia no nyɛ nea ɛntaa nsi sɛnea ebia wususuw no. Esiane sɛ nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi de aba nti, ɛyɛ den sɛ yɛbɛka nnipa dodow pɔtee a wonya bi.

Dɛn ne pancytopenia ho sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow?

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, pancytopenia betumi ayɛ nea emu nyɛ den koraa. Ebia worenhu sɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw biara. Ɛtɔ da bi a, oduruyɛfo bi behu bere a wɔyɛ mogya mu adwuma a wɔyɛ daa no. Nanso, mmere bi wɔ hɔ a tebea no betumi ayɛ nea emu yɛ den yiye na ɛde ne nkwa to asiane mu. Wɔ tebea horow a ɛtete saa mu no, ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ ayaresa ntɛm ara.

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ nea ɛyɛ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a ɛba bere a mogya mu nkwammoaa ahorow yi so tew no.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛba fam (anemia) .

Sɛ wunni mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛdɔɔso a, wo nipadua no akwaa ne ntini afoforo no rennya mframa pa a ɛdɔɔso. Ebia wubenya yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne te sɛ:

• Ɔbrɛ a wɔte nka bere nyinaa (Ɔbrɛ): Nkate a ɛma obi brɛ na ɔmpɛ sɛ ɔyɛ biribiara.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den (dyspnea): Sɛ ɔte nka sɛ ɔhome yɛ den bere a ɔbɔ mmɔden kakra mpo a.
• Sɛ wote nka sɛ n’adwene atu afra.
• Tipaeɛ.
• Arrhythmia yɛ atenka a ɛkyerɛ sɛ koma no rebɔ ntɛmntɛm anaasɛ ɛnte saa.
• Wora a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ awɔw a fifiri ayɛ no.

Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa a ɛba fam (leukopenia) ho sɛnkyerɛnne .

Sɛ wunni mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa a ɛdɔɔso a, tumi a wo nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa no so tew. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ wubetumi anya ɔyare mmoawa ntɛm. Saa nyarewa yi betumi de sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow te sɛ:

• Ɔbrɛ a wɔte nka bere nyinaa (Ɔbrɛ).
• Atiridii ne awɔw.
• Menewa mu yaw anaa ɔyare mmoawa (pharyngitis).
• Ano mu akuru.
• Ɔfe pii.
• Ayamtuo.
• Ɔhome a ɛyɛ den.
• Ntini a ɛma mogya tu a ahonhon.
• Pus a ɛretu afi mmeae a wɔatwitwa mu.

Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mogya nkwammoaa dodow a ɛba fam (thrombocytopenia) .

Sɛ wo mogya nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no so tew a, wo mogya ntumi nkɔ yiye. Eyi betumi ama nneɛma te sɛ:

• Akuru a wubenya wɔ wo nipadua so afi ade ketewaa bi mpo mu.
• Mogya a ɛtɔ a ɛyɛ den sɛ wobegyae anaasɛ ɛtra hɔ kyɛ.
• Mogya a ɛtɔ dodo bere a mmea rekɔ brayɛ mu.
• Mogya a ɛba bere a nsu, nsu , anaa ɔfe.
• Nsonsonoe kɔkɔɔ anaa kɔkɔɔ wɔ honam ani (petechiae) – te sɛ akisikuru. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nsensanee kɔkɔɔ, kɔkɔɔ, anaa bruu (purpura) nso betumi ada adi.

Dɛn na ɛde tebea a ɛne pancytopenia yi ba?

Mpɛn pii no , sintɔ bi a ɛwɔ mogya nkwammoaa a ɛba yɛn nnompe mu ntini mu no mu na ɛde pancytopenia ba . So wunim sɛ yɛn mogya mu nkwammoaa no yɛ nnompe mu? Wɔfrɛ saa adeyɛ yi hematopoiesis . Nkwammoaa yi fi nnompe mu na ɛhyɛn yɛn mogya mu bere a wɔanyinyin akyi nkutoo.

Enti, pancytopenia betumi aba sɛ wo nnompe mu ntini no ntumi mma mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw a ɛdɔɔso, anaasɛ sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa yi sɛe ntɛmntɛm dodo bere a wɔayɛ no awie no.

Nneɛma pii wɔ hɔ a ebetumi asiw mogya mu nkwammoaa yi kwan anaasɛ asɛe no:

• Nyarewa a ɛfa nnompe mu ntini ho:Nyarewa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛma nnompe mu ntini no ma mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛnteɛ. Eyinom mu dodow no ara yɛ `wɔanya` wɔ yɛn nkwa nna mu. Ebinom yɛ `agyapadeɛ`. Nhwɛsoɔ:
• Aplastic mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu
• Fanconi mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu
• Diamond-Blackfan mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu

• Kokoram: Sɛ kokoram nkwammoaa trɛw kɔ nnompe mu ntini mu a, esiw mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw a wɔyɛ no kwan. Kokoram ahorow bi a ebetumi ama obi anya pancytopenia no bi ne:
• Leukemia a ɛma mogya tu
• Lymphoma a ɛma mogya tu
• Myeloma a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu pii
• Ntini a ɛma mogya tu
• Ntini a ɛma mogya tu
• Kokoram a ɛtrɛw fi mmeae afoforo kɔ nnompe mu ntini mu (kokoram a ɛkɔ mmeae afoforo) .

• Aduan pa a wunni ne nsa a wɔnom: Sɛ wo nipadua no nnya aduannuru a ɛdɔɔso te sɛ vitamin B12 ne folate , ebia ɛrentumi nyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw. Afei nso, nsa pii a wɔnom betumi ayɛ ade titiriw a ɛde pancytopenia ba.

• Nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ba: Mmoawa ahorow bi nso betumi de saa tebea yi aba. Nhwɛso ahorow:
• Mononucleosis `(Nneɛma biako - mono)`
• HIV (ɔyare mmoawa a ɛma nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa) .
• Hepatitis C a ɛma obi nya mmerɛbo mu yare
• Parvovirus B19 `(Parvovirus B19)`
• Nsanyare a ɛma obi nya nsamanwaw
• Malaria a ɛma obi nya ɔyare mmoawa

• Tebea horow a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa: Eyi ne bere a wo nipadua no ankasa nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no tow hyɛ mogya nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw so. Nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa a ebetumi ama obi anya pancytopenia no bi ne:
• Lupus a ɛyɛ hu
• Ntini mu yare a ɛma ntini mu yare

• Nnuru a wɔde sa yare: Nnuru bi, titiriw nnuru a wɔde sa kokoram no tumi ma mogya mu nkwammoaa a wɔyɛ no so tew.

• Awuduru a wode wo ho bɛhyɛ mu: Awuduru a ɛwɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia mu te sɛ benzene ne arsenic betumi asɛe wo mogya mu nkwammoaa. Mframa a ɛbɔ wo ho ban nso betumi atew wo mogya mu nkwammoaa so.

• Splenic a wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu:Ayaresa mu tebea horow bi betumi ama mogya mu nkwammoaa aboaboa ano wɔ w’akyi. Nyarewa a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa, mmerɛbo mu akisikuru, ne kokoram ahorow bi betumi de eyi aba. Sɛ eyi ba a, akyi berɛmo no betumi ahonhon na ayɛ yaw (splenomegaly).

Wɔ nsɛm a ɛntaa nsi mu no, nnuruyɛfo ntumi nhu nea ɛde mogya mu nkwammoaa a ɛso tew yi ba ankasa. Wɔfrɛ eyi sɛ idiopathic pancytopenia .

Hena na ɔwɔ asiane kɛse sɛ obenya pancytopenia?

Obiara a ɔwɔ tebea horow a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no betumi anya pancytopenia. Nanso, sɛ obi wɔ w’abusua mu wɔ mogya mu yare bi, anaasɛ worenya nnuru a ɛka mogya mu nkwammoaa a wɔyɛ no a, ɛda adi sɛ wubenya saa tebea yi.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wohu sɛ obi anya pancytopenia?

Mogya dodow a wɔkan no nyinaa (CBC) a wɔyɛ no daa no betumi ahwɛ sɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa no sua anaa. Saa gyinapɛn ahorow yi betumi ayɛ soronko kakra a egyina nneɛma te sɛ mfe a obi adi, abusuakuw, ne akwahosan tebea so.

Eyinom ne dodow a wɔtaa bu no sɛ ɛba fam:

• Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ: Wɔ mmea fam no, nkwammoaa a ennu ɔpepem 4.2 wɔ mogya microliter biara mu anaasɛ ennu gram 12 (g) hemoglobin (deciliter biara). Wɔ mmarima fam no, nkwammoaa a ennu ɔpepem 4.7 wɔ mogya microliter biara mu anaasɛ ennu gram 13 a ɛwɔ hemoglobin (deciliter biara mu).
• Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa: Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa nnu 4,000 wɔ mogya microliter biara mu, anaasɛ neutrophil dodow a ennu 1,800 wɔ mogya microliter biara mu. Neutrophils ne mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa a ɛdɔɔso sen biara, enti saa dodow yi ho hia yiye.
• Nkwammoaa a Ɛma Nkwammoaa: Nnuru a ɛwɔ mogya mu a ennu 150,000 wɔ mogya microliter biara mu.

Sɔhwɛ afoforo bɛn na wɔreyɛ de ahu nea ɛde ba?

Sɛ wo duruyɛfo hu sɛ wowɔ pancytopenia pɛ a, ebia wɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo bi de ahu nea ɛde ba. Ebia ɛho behia nso sɛ wokɔ oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ mogya mu nyarewa ho (mogya ho ɔyaresafo) nkyɛn .

Ebia sɔhwɛ ahorow yi bi ne:

• Peripheral blood smear: Saa nhwehwɛmu yi de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwɛ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa. Sɛ nkwammoaa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛnyɛ ne kwan so a, ebetumi ama yɛahu nea ɛde ba.
• Vitamin B12 ne folate dodow ho nhwehwɛmu: Pancytopenia nso taa fi aduannuru a enni nipadua mu. Enti sɛ wohwɛ saa dodow yi a, ebetumi aboa ma woahu sɛ ɛno na ɛde ba anaa.
• Bone marrow aspiration ne biopsy: Wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu no, oduruyɛfo bi fa wo nnompe mu ntini ketewaa bi na ɔsɔ hwɛ sɛ nyarewa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛde pancytopenia ba te sɛ kokoram anaa.

Ɛdenam wo nhwehwɛmu no mu aba, aduruyɛ ho abakɔsɛm, ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow so no, wo duruyɛfo betumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu te sɛ eyinom nso de ahwehwɛ nneɛma afoforo a ɛde ba:

• Virus ho nhwehwɛmu.
• Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hu ɔyare mmoawa.
• Sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔde hu tebea horow a nipadua no tumi ko tia nyarewa.
• Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hu awosu mu nsakrae (nsakrae a ɛba wo DNA mu).

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔsa pancytopenia?

Ayaresa no twe adwene si nea ɛde tebea no ba titiriw a wobehu, ayaresa, ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a wɔbɛtew so titiriw. Ayaresa ahorow bi nso wɔ hɔ a ebetumi ama wo mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow akɔ soro tẽẽ. Eyinom bi ne:

• Nnuru: Nnuru bi wɔ hɔ a ɛkanyan nnompe mu ntini na ɛboa ma ɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa pii.
• Mogya a wɔde ma: Sɛ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow sua dodo na ebetumi apira w’akwahosan a, wobetumi ama wo mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ anaa mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ.
• Ntini mu nkwammoaa anaa nnompe mu ntini a wɔde si ananmu: Nea ɛka saa akwan yi ho ne sɛ woyi ntini mu nkwammoaa a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye (eyinom ne nkwammoaa atitiriw a ɛwɔ nnompe mu a ɛyɛ mogya mu nkwammoaa) na wɔde ntini mu nkwammoaa a ɛte apɔw.

Sɛ wo neutrophil dodow sua koraa na asiane kɛse wom sɛ wubenya nyarewa a, wobetumi ama wo nnuru a ekum ɔyare mmoawa a ɛtrɛw nso .

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ obi a ɔwɔ pancytopenia hwɛ kwan?

Hokwan a wowɔ sɛ wo ho bɛtɔ wo no gyina nea ɛde mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow a ɛba fam bae no so. Mprempren wonni nsɛm a edi mũ biara a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea pancytopenia ayaresa ahorow di yiye. Mmom no, nhwehwɛmufo hwɛ sɛnea ayaresa ahorow no tu mpɔn ma tebea a ɛde ba no.

Nea ɛho hia ne sɛ bere a ayaresa a wɔde sa tebea horow a ɛhyɛ ase no tu mpɔn no, nea efi mu ba ma nnipa a wɔwɔ pancytopenia nso tu mpɔn. Enti, ɛho hia sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo kasa fa eyi ho. Obetumi aka nhwehwɛmu ho nsɛm a aba foforo akyerɛ wo na wakyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea ɛka wo tebea no mu.

So pancytopenia yɛ tebea a emu yɛ den?

Yiw, ebetumi ayɛ aniberesɛm. Egyina nea ɛde wo mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow a ɛba fam ba nso so. Sɛ wowɔ pancytopenia a, wo duruyɛfo bɛhwehwɛ nea ɛde ba no na wahu sɛnea ɛyɛ aniberesɛm.

Bere bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mekɔ ayaresabea (ETU) ntɛm ara sɛnea metumi?

Pancytopenia betumi ayɛ nea emu yɛ den na ɛde nkwa to asiane mu sɛ wɔansa a. Sɛ wuhu saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi bi a, kɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ wɔn a wɔwɔ yare a egye ntɛmpɛ (ETU) ntɛm ara:

• Sɛ atiridiinini no boro digrii Fahrenheit 101 (digrii Celsius 38) a.
• Sɛ wo hwere w’adwene a (blacking out).
• Sɛ ɛyɛ den ma wo kɛse sɛ wobɛhome a.
• Adwene a ɛyɛ basaa mpofirim.
• Sɛ wufi ase nya tiyɛ foforo a.
• Sɛ mogya tu kɛse a.
• Sɛ wowɔ koko mu yaw a.
• Sɛ akisikuru bi ba a.

Pancytopenia betumi aka wo wɔ akwan horow so. Egyina sɛnea wo mogya mu nkwammoaa no sua ne nea ɛde ba no so. Sɛ wo mogya mu nkwammoaa dodow de wo to asiane mu sɛ mogya atɔ wo, ɔyare mmoawa, anaa mogya a ɛbɛtɔ wo dodo a, di wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ akyi yiye. Bisa sɛnkyerɛnne biara a ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wokɔ wo duruyɛfo nkyɛn nso.

Nea etwa to no, nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae (Take-Home Message) .

Enti, ebia afei woate ase sɛ pancytopenia yɛ tebea a yɛn mogya mu nkwammoaa abiɛsa no nyinaa, a ɛne nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, nkwammoaa fitaa, ne mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ no nyinaa so tew prɛko pɛ. Nneɛma pii betumi de eyi aba, na sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow nso gu ahorow.

Nea ɛho hia sen biara ne sɛ wobɛkɔ oduruyɛfo nkyɛn sɛ wowɔ saa sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow yi a. Afei obetumi ahu nea ɛnteɛ na wafi ayaresa a wuhia no ase. Sɛ wokyere no ntɛm a, mpɛn pii no wubetumi adi tebea horow yi ho dwuma yiye. Enti, hwɛ wo nipadua so yiye, na sɛ wuhu biribi soronko bi a, hwɛ so yiye. Kɔ so nya apɔwmuden!

` Pancytopenia, Pancytopenia, Mogya mu nkwammoaa a enni nipadua mu, Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ, Mogya mu nkwammoaa fitaa, Ntini mu nkwammoaa, Nnompe mu ntini, Mogya mogya a ɛtɔ kɔ nipadua mu, Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia