Momma yɛnka First Trimester Screening sɔhwɛ no ho asɛm na yɛahu wo ba no akwahosan ntɛm.

Ebia woretwɛn ɔhɔho foforo a ɔwɔ anidaso foforo nnansa yi, ɛnte saa? Eyi yɛ bere titiriw paa, na akokoaa a ɔwɔ awotwaa mu no akwahosan nso ho hia yɛn paa. Enti, ɛnnɛ yɛrebɛka sɔhwɛ bi a ɛho hia a ebetumi adi kan aka akokoaa no akwahosan ho asɛm akyerɛ wo ho asɛm. Wɔfrɛ eyi "First Trimester Screening".

Dɛn ne nea wɔfrɛ no First Trimester Screening yi?

Sɛ yɛbɛka no tiawa a, eyi yɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow a wɔyɛ no wɔ wo nyinsɛn no asram abiɛsa a edi kan (wɔn a wonyinsɛn no mu) mu na ama woanya wo ba a ɔhyɛ yafunu mu no akwahosan ho adwene. Ɛyɛ afã abien titiriw:

1. Mogya a wɔagye afi wo nsam a wɔbɛsɔ ahwɛ.

2. Ultrasound scan a wɔyɛ.

Egyina nsɛm a wɔaboaboa ano afi eyinom abien no nyinaa mu so na nnuruyɛfo no ba awiei wɔ akokoaa no akwahosan ho. Wo de susuw ho hwɛ, eyi te sɛ akokoaa no akwahosan ho amanneɛbɔ a edi kan.

Dɛn nti na yɛreyɛ sɔhwɛ yi? Dɛn na yɛhwɛ kwan fi mu?

Afei ebia worebisa wo ho sɛ, "Dɛn nti na sɔhwɛ yi ho hia saa?" Saa sɔhwɛ yi hwehwɛ titiriw sɛ ebia wo ba no wɔ asiane mu sɛ obenya nkwaboaa ahorow bi a ɛnteɛ anaa . Ebia woate Down syndrome ho asɛm pɛn. Ɛsan nso ma nneɛma bi a ɛkyerɛ sɛ tebea horow te sɛ Edward syndrome betumi aba.

Ɛnyɛ ɛno nko, saa sɔhwɛ yi nso betumi ama adwene bi wɔ awo mu dɛmdi ahorow bi ho (sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ ebia akokoaa no wɔ komayare bi anaa).

Nanso, ade biako wɔ hɔ a ɛho hia yiye a ɛsɛ sɛ wokae wɔ ha: Eyi yɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu nkutoo , na ɛnyɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔde hu yare.

Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ, sɔhwɛ yi ntumi nkyerɛ 100% sɛ akokoaa no wɔ autism. Ɛma nea ɛkyerɛ sɛ asiane bi wɔ hɔ anaasɛ enni hɔ ara kwa . Ɛte sɛ nea wuhu wusiw na wosusuw sɛ, "Oh, ebia ogya bɛtɔ baabi." Sɛ wuhu saa wusiw no ara kwa a, ɛnkyerɛ baabi pɔtee a ogya no wɔ. Ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ saa asɛm no kɔ akyiri. Eyi yɛ ade koro no ara.

So ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ sɔhwɛ yi?

Eyi ne wo gyinaesi ankasa. Nnuruyɛfo ka sɛ asiane biara nni ho sɛ wɔbɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi. Nanso, sɛ́ ebia wobɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu yi anaasɛ worennyɛ no yɛ gyinaesi a wo ne w’abusua betumi abom asi, ne bere a wo ne wo duruyɛfo akasa awie no.

Mfaso titiriw biako a ɛwɔ sɔhwɛ yi a wɔyɛ so ne sɛ ɛboa ma wodi kan hu sɛ ebia akokoaa no wɔ asiane mu sɛ obenya akwahosan ho haw biara anaa. Eyi ma awofo nya bere pii de di ho dwuma, hwehwɛ sɔhwɛ foforo sɛ ɛho hia a, anaasɛ wɔyɛ nhyehyɛe ma nneɛma titiriw biara a ebia ebehia wɔ akokoaa no awo akyi.

Nanso, te sɛ sɔhwɛ biara no, eyi nsoHokwan ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ sɛ wobenya atoro aba. Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wubehu saa nso.

• `False-positive`: Eyi kyerɛ sɛ ɛwom sɛ sɔhwɛ no kyerɛ sɛ "asiane" bi wɔ hɔ de, nanso wubetumi awo akokoaa a ɔwɔ apɔwmuden. Fa no sɛ, ɛtɔ da bi a wim yɛ sum na ɛte sɛ nea osu bɛtɔ, nanso ɛnte saa? Eyi te saa.
• `False-negative`: Eyi ne bere a sɔhwɛ bi kyerɛ sɛ "asiane biara nni hɔ", nanso wɔ tebea a ɛntaa nsi mu no, wobetumi awo akokoaa no a ɔwɔ akwahosan ho haw. Ɛte sɛ osu a ɛtɔ kakra a ɛretɔ mpofirim da a wim atew.

Sɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa anaa nsɛm bi a ɛhaw wo wɔ saa nneɛma yi ho a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛkasa . Ɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ biribiara mu akyerɛ wo.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ saa nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ ɔsram abiɛsa a edi kan yi mu?

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ yi wɔ afã abien:

1. Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu:

Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wubegye mogya kakraa bi afi wo hɔ na wode akɔma afiri a wɔde yɛ nhwehwɛmu. Ɛtɔ da bi a, wobetumi ayi mogya ketewaa bi afi wo nsateaa ano, anaasɛ mpɛn pii no, wobetumi ayi mogya kakraa bi afi ntini bi mu.

• Dɛn na mogya mu nhwehwɛmu yi hwehwɛ? Ɛkyerɛ protein titiriw abien dodow a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu.
• Dɛn na nea efi mu ba no kyerɛ? Sɛ protein dodow yi sua anaasɛ ɛkɔ soro sen sɛnea ɛte daa a, ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ akokoaa no wɔ asiane kɛse mu kakra sɛ obenya nkwaboaa mu nkwaadɔm a ɛnteɛ.

2. Ultrasound Scan Nhwehwɛmu:

Ebia woayɛ eyi dedaw.

• Wɔyɛ no dɛn? Woda mpa so, oduruyɛfo anaa mfiridwumayɛfo a wɔatete no de gel gu wo yafunu ase, na ɔde afiri ketewaa bi (ultrasound probe) di akɔneaba. Sɛ nnyigyei asorɔkye a efi saa afiri yi mu no bɔ akokoaa no na ɛsan kɔ akyi a, ɛyɛ akokoaa no mfonini wɔ kɔmputa so.
• Dɛn na sɔhwɛ yi hwehwɛ? Ade biako a wɔhwɛ no pɔtee wɔ ha ne sɛnea nsu bi a ɛwɔ honam ani wɔ akokoaa no kɔn akyi no mu yɛ duru . Nnuruyɛfo frɛ eyi ``Nuchal Translucency - NT''. Sɛ saa NT bo yi korɔn sen sɛnea ɛte daa, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nsu pii wɔ saa beae no a, ebetumi nso ayɛ nkwaboaa mu nkwaadɔm a ɛnteɛ anaasɛ ɔhaw foforo ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Ɛtɔ da bi nso a wɔde saa scan yi di dwuma de hwɛ sɛ ``Nasal Bone'' bi wɔ akokoaa no hwene mu anaa.

Sɛ sɔhwɛ no mu aba kyerɛ sɛ asiane bi wɔ hɔ a, dɛn na woyɛ?

Fa no sɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe wɔ ɔsram abiɛsa a edi kan mu yi kyerɛe sɛ wo ba no wɔ asiane mu. Nha wo ho. Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛkyerɛ asiane ara kwa.

• Anamɔn a edi hɔ: Sɛ ɛte saa a, wo duruyɛfo bɛma wo piiWɔhyɛ nyansa sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu pɔtee pii a wɔde hu yare. Saa nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi betumi akyerɛ sɛ akokoaa no wɔ ɔhaw bi ankasa anaasɛ onni bi.
• Dɛn ne saa sɔhwɛ ahorow no?
• Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔtaa yɛ wɔ nyinsɛn no adapɛn 10 kosi 13 ntam. Wɔfa awotwaa no mu kakraa bi na wɔhwehwɛ mu.
• Amniocentesis: Wɔtaa yɛ eyi wɔ nyinsɛn adapɛn 15 akyi. Nea ɛka eyi ho ne sɛ wɔbɛfa amniotic nsu a atwa akokoaa no ho ahyia no mu kakraa bi na wɔasɔ ahwɛ.

Mpɛn pii no, nnuruyɛfo a wɔn ho akokwaw na wɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu abien yi nyinaa, na nea efi mu ba no fã kɛse no ara yɛ nokware.

Na sɛ asiane no sua nso ɛ?

Sɛ mpo sɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ ɔsram abiɛsa a edi kan no mu no nkyerɛ asiane kɛse biara a, nnuruyɛfo taa kamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nhwehwɛmu foforo a ɛtoatoa so wɔ ɔsram abiɛsa a ɛto so abien no mu, a wɔfrɛ no ``Second Trimester Screening.'' Eyi nso fa mogya mu nhwehwɛmu ho titiriw.

• Dɛn na wɔhwɛ wɔ ɔsram abiɛsa a ɛto so abien nhwehwɛmu no mu? Eyi betumi asi nea efii nhwehwɛmu a edi kan no mu bae no so dua bio, asan asusuw asiane a ɛwɔ Down syndrome ho, na ahwehwɛ tebea afoforo te sɛ ntini mu ntini mu sintɔ ahorow (e.g., spina bifida).

Bere bɛn na eye sen biara a wobetumi ayɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ ɔsram abiɛsa a edi kan yi mu?

Ɛho hia sɛ wuhu eyi nso.

• Mogya mu nhwehwɛmu: Wɔtaa yɛ wɔ nyinsɛn no adapɛn 9 kosi 14 ntam.
• Ultrasound scan (NT scan): Wɔyɛ eyi wɔ nyinsɛn no adapɛn 11 kosi 14 ntam.

Wo duruyɛfo bɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi ho nhyehyɛe ama wo.

Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na wɔahu nea efi mu ba?

• Nea efi mogya mu nhwehwɛmu mu ba: Eyinom taa gye bɛyɛ dapɛn biako anaa abien ansa na asan aba bio.
• Nea efi ultrasound scan mu ba: Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ sɛ oduruyɛfo no yɛ NT scan a, obetumi anya adwene bi ntɛm ara. Ɛtɔ da bi a wɔbɛka ho asɛm akyerɛ wo wɔ hɔ ara.

Akwan ahorow a wɔfa so bu nea efi mu ba no ho akontaa

Akwan pii wɔ hɔ a nnuruyɛfo fa so bu asiane yi ho akontaa:

• `(Combined First Trimester Screening)` (Nhwehwɛmu a Wɔaka abom: Wɔtaa yɛ eyi. Ɛha yi, wɔde nea efi mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a edi kan a wɔyɛe wɔ ɔsram abiɛsa a edi kan mu bae, nea efii NT scan no mu bae, ne nneɛma afoforo te sɛ mfe a woadi no bom na ebu asiane no ho akontaa.
• Nhwehwɛmu a Wɔaka Abom: Nnuruyɛfo binom yɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ ɔsram abiɛsa a edi kan no mu, afei wɔtwɛn kosi sɛ wobewie mogya mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ ɔsram abiɛsa a ɛto so abien no mu, na afei wɔaka nhwehwɛmu ahorow yi nyinaa mu aba bom de asiane ho amanneɛbɔ a etwa to ma.
• `(Serum Integrated Screening)` (Nsɔhwɛ a Wɔaka abom Ntɛmntɛm):Nnipa binom nyɛ NT scan no wɔ ɔsram abiɛsa a edi kan no mu, na mmom wɔyɛ mogya mu nhwehwɛmu wɔ ɔsram abiɛsa a edi kan ne nea ɛto so abien nyinaa mu nkutoo , na wɔka nea efi mu ba no bom hwɛ asiane a ɛwɔ mu.

Ɔkwan a wo duruyɛfo fa so bu nea ebefi mu aba no betumi agyina nneɛma te sɛ mfe a woadi, w’akwahosan, asiane afoforo, ne nneɛma a ɛwɔ beae a woreyɛ nhwehwɛmu no so. Enti ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wo ne wo duruyɛfo bɛka eyinom nyinaa ho asɛm pefee.

Enti, nneɛma bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkae fi eyinom nyinaa mu?

Okay, yɛaka saa ``First Trimester Screening'' yi ho asɛm pii. Nea etwa to no, ma nsɛntitiriw yi ntra w’adwenem.

• Eyi yɛ sɔhwɛ a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu: Eyi na ɛkyerɛ wo sɛ ebia wowɔ asiane mu anaasɛ wunni mu nkutoo. Ɛnsi yareɛ bi so dua.
• Nimdeɛ a wunya ntɛm yɛ mfaso: Sɛ asiane bi wɔ hɔ a, sɛ wudi kan hu ho asɛm a, ɛma wunya bere de di ho dwuma na woyɛ nneɛma a ɛho hia.
• Wo gyinaesi ho hia: Sɛ́ wobɛpɛ sɛ woyɛ sɔhwɛ yi anaasɛ wompɛ no yɛ wo pɛ. Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa na asi gyinae a eye sen biara.
• Hwɛ yiye wɔ atoro aba: Hokwan ketewaa bi wɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya `atoro-asɛm` ne `atoro-abɔne` aba. Nanso mma ɛnhaw wo, na di wo duruyɛfo akwankyerɛ akyi.
• Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa: Wo ne wo duruyɛfo nkasa fa nsɛmmisa, nneɛma a ɛhaw wo, anaa ehu biara a wowɔ ho. Wɔwɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛboa wo.

Kae sɛ, wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ ahorow yi nyinaa ma wo ne wo ba a wodɔ no wɔ wo yafunu mu no yiyedi. Enti, ma w’adwene nyɛ wo dɛ na nya akwantu yi mu anigye. Yɛrepɛ wo ne wo ba no yiye!

` Nyinsɛn, Nyinsɛn Abiɛsa a Edi Kan Nhwehwɛmu, Down syndrome, Nuchal Translucency, Akokoaa akwahosan, Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ ansa na wɔawo